Alternatively, the privilege may be used to unload security-related drivers with ftlMC builtin command. i.e.: fltMC sysmondrv 1. The szkg64 vulnerability (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Vulnerability) is listed as CVE-2018-15732 (https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-15732)
2. The szkg64 exploit code (https://www.greyhathacker.net/?p=1025) was created by Parvez Anwar (https://twitter.com/parvezghh) SeLockMemory Availability 3rd party tool Starve System memory partition by moving pages. PoC published by Walied Assar (@waleedassar) (https://twitter.com/waleedassar/status/1296689615139676160) SeMachineAccount None - - The privilege is not used in the Windows OS. SeManageVolume Admin 3rd party tool 1. Enable the privilege in the token
2. Create handle to \.\C: with SYNCHRONIZE | FILE_TRAVERSE
3. Send the FSCTL_SD_GLOBAL_CHANGE to replace S-1-5-32-544 with S-1-5-32-545
4. Overwrite utilman.exe etc. FSCTL_SD_GLOBAL_CHANGE can be made with this piece of code (https://github.com/gtworek/PSBits/blob/master/Misc/FSCTL_SD_GLOBAL_CHANGE.c). SeProfileSingleProcess None - - The privilege is checked before changing (and in very limited set of commands, before querying) parameters of Prefetch, SuperFetch, and ReadyBoost. The impact may be adjusted, as the real effect is not known. SeRelabel Threat 3rd party tool Modification of system files by a legitimate administrator? See: MIC documentation (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/secauthz/mandatory-integrity-control)

Integrity labels are infrequently used and work only on top of standard ACLs. Two main scenarios include:
- protection against attacks using exploitable applications such as browsers, PDF readers etc.
- protection of OS files.

Attacks with SeRelabel must obey access rules defined by ACLs, which makes them significantly less useful in practice. SeRemoteShutdown Availability Built-in commands shutdown /s /f /m \\server1 /d P:5:19 The privilege is verified when shutdown/restart request comes from the network. 127.0.0.1 scenario to be investigated. SeReserveProcessor None - - It looks like the privilege is no longer used and it appeared only in a couple of versions of winnt.h. You can see it listed i.e. in the source code published by Microsoft here (https://code.msdn.microsoft.com/Effective-access-rights-dd5b13a8/sourcecode?fileId=58676&pathId=767997020). SeRestore Admin PowerShell 1. Launch PowerShell/ISE with the SeRestore privilege present.
2. Enable the privilege with Enable-SeRestorePrivilege (https://github.com/gtworek/PSBits/blob/master/Misc/EnableSeRestorePrivilege.ps1)).
3. Rename utilman.exe to utilman.old
4. Rename cmd.exe to utilman.exe
5. Lock the console and press Win+U Attack may be detected by some AV software.

Alternative method relies on replacing service binaries stored in "Program Files" using the same privilege. SeSecurity Threat Built-in commands - Clear Security event log: wevtutil cl Security

- Shrink the Security log to 20MB to make events flushed soon: wevtutil sl Security /ms:0

- Read Security event log to have knowledge about processes, access and actions of other users within the system.

- Knowing what is logged to act under the radar.

- Knowing what is logged to generate large number of events effectively purging old ones without leaving obvious evidence of cleaning. SeShutdown Availability Built-in commands shutdown.exe /s /f /t 1 Allows to call most of NtPowerInformation() levels. To be investigated. SeSyncAgent None - - The privilege is not used in the Windows OS. SeSystemEnvironment Unknown 3rd party tool The privilege permits to use NtSetSystemEnvironmentValue, NtModifyDriverEntry and some other syscalls to manipulate UEFI variables. - Firmware environment variables were commonly used on non-Intel platforms in the past, and now slowly return to UEFI world.

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- The area is highly undocumented.
- The potential may be huge (i.e. breaking Secure Boot) but raising the impact level requires at least PoC. SeSystemProfile ? ? ? SeSystemtime Threat Built-in commands cmd.exe /c date 01-01-01
cmd.exe /c time 00:00 The privilege allows to change the system time, potentially leading to audit trail integrity issues, as events will be stored with wrong date/time.
- Be careful with date/time formats. Use always-safe values if not sure.
- Sometimes the name of the privilege uses uppercase "T" and is referred as SeSystemTime. SeTakeOwnership Admin Built-in commands 1. takeown.exe /f "%windir%\system32"
2. icalcs.exe "%windir%\system32" /grant "%username%":F
3. Rename cmd.exe to utilman.exe
4. Lock the console and press Win+U Attack may be detected by some AV software.

Alternative method relies on replacing service binaries stored in "Program Files" using the same privilege. SeTcb Admin 3rd party tool Manipulate tokens to have local admin rights included. Sample code+exe creating arbitrary tokens to be found at PsBits (https://github.com/gtworek/PSBits/tree/master/VirtualAccounts). SeTimeZone Mess Built-in commands Change the timezone. tzutil /s "Chatham Islands Standard Time" SeTrustedCredManAccess ? ? ? SeUndock None - - The privilege is enabled when undocking, but never observed it checked to grant/deny access. In practice it means it is actually unused and cannot lead to any escalation. SeUnsolicitedInput None - - The privilege is not used in the Windows OS. Credits:
Aurélien Chalot (https://twitter.com/Defte_) - initial information about SeAssignPrimaryToken. vletoux (https://github.com/vletoux) - SeLoadDriver issue reporting. Walied Assar (https://twitter.com/waleedassar) - DoS with SeLockMemoryPrivilege and NtManagePartition() Qazeer (https://github.com/Qazeer) - SeBackupPrivilege exploitation (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Exploitation) details.

Download Priv2Admin (https://github.com/gtworek/Priv2Admin)

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Kali Linux Tutorials
OverRide : Binary Exploitation And Reverse-Engineering

OverRide is a explore disassembly, binary exploitation & reverse-engineering through 10 little challenges. In the folder for each level you will find: flag – password for next level README.md – how to find password source.c – the reverse engineered binary dissasembly_notes.md – notes on asm See the subject for more details. Getting Started First download from 42 OverRide.iso. Virtual Machine setup On […]

The post OverRide : Binary Exploitation And Reverse-Engineering appeared first on Kali Linux Tutorials.

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Hacking on Medium
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KitPloit - PenTest Tools!
Priv2Admin - Exploitation Paths Allowing You To (Mis)Use The Windows Privileges To Elevate Your Rights Within The OS

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