Hacking on Medium
3 CYBERSECURITY THREATS TO WATCH OUT FOR

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Infiltrations, data breaches, spear phishing and brute force attacks are some of the online threats you’ll find out there. Cyber security…

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Hacking on Medium
Your Credentials Are In Plain Sight

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My credentials are obvious. I couldn’t believe it until now. Once upon a time, there was a story that needed to be told. And so, the…

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POW of Ethereum Suffers Replay Attack

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Old Ethereum network sees a price drop of 18%

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You all are vulnerable — Social Engineering. Here’s a solution. The Uber hack 2022.

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I am sure you have all heard of the Uber Hack 2022, where apparently an 18-year-old hacked into the entire Uber system.

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Kam1n0 - Assembly Analysis Platform
http://www.kitploit.com/2022/09/kam1n0-assembly-analysis-platform.html

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Kam1n0 v2.x is a scalable assembly management and analysis platform. It allows a user to first index a (large) collection of binaries into different repositories and provide different analytic services such as clone search and classification. It supports multi-tenancy access and management of assembly repositories by using the concept of Application. An application instance contains its own exclusive repository and provides a specialized analytic service. Considering the versatility of reverse engineering (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Reverse%20Engineering) tasks, Kam1n0 v2.x server currently provides three different types of clone-search applications: Asm-Clone, Sym1n0, and Asm2Vec, and an executable classification based on Asm2Vec. New application type can be further added to the platform.
A user can create multiple application instances. An application instance can be shared among a specific group of users. The application repository read-write access and on-off status can be controlled by the application owner. Kam1n0 v2.x server can serve the applications concurrently using several shared resource pools.Kam1n0 was developed by Steven H. H. Ding (http://stevending.net/) and Miles Q. Li (http://milesqli.github.io/) under the supervision of Benjamin C. M. Fung (http://dmas.lab.mcgill.ca/fung/) of the Data Mining and Security Lab (http://dmas.lab.mcgill.ca/) at McGill University in Canada. It won the second prize at the Hex-Rays Plug-In Contest 2015 (https://hex-rays.com/contests/2015/). If you find Kam1n0 useful, please cite our paper:S. H. H. Ding, B. C. M. Fung, and P. Charland. Kam1n0: MapReduce-based Assembly Clone Search for Reverse Engineering (https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzRSjM7kjy-rZWUtRnFXR0ZpSjg/view?usp=sharing). In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD), pages 461-470, San Francisco, CA: ACM Press, August 2016.S. H. H. Ding, B. C. M. Fung, and P. Charland. Asm2Vec: boosting static representation robustness for binary clone search against code obfuscation and compiler optimization. In Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P), 18 pages, San Francisco, CA: IEEE Computer Society, May 2019.Asm-CloneAsm-Clone applications try to solve the efficient subgraph search problem (i.e. graph isomorphism problem) for assembly functions (Application Type: Asm-CloneThe original clone search service used in Kam1n0 v1.x.Currently support Meta-PC, ARM, PowerPC, and TMS320c6 (experimental).Support subgraph clone search within a certain assembly code family. + Good interpretability of the result: breaks down to subgraphs.+ Accurate for searching within the given code family.+ Good for differing various patches or versions for big binaries.- Relatively more sensitive to instruction set changes, optimizations, and obfuscation.- Need to pre-define the syntax of the assembly code language.- Need to have assembly code of the same chosen family in the repository.

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Sym1n0Semantic clone search by differentiated fuzz testing (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Fuzz%20Testing) and constraint solving. An efficient and scalable dynamic-static hybrid approach (Application Type: Sym1n0 (v2 only)Clone search by both symbolic execution (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Symbolic%20Execution) and concrete execution.Differentiate functions based on their different I/O behavior.Clone search conducted on the abstract syntax graph constructed from Vex IR (powered by LibVex). + Clone search across different assembly code families. For example, indexed x86 binaries but the query is ARM code.+ Subgraph clone search.+ Support a wide range of families throub LibVex. x86, AMD64, MIPS32, MIPS64, PowerPC32, PowerPC64, ARM32, and ARM64.+ An efficient dynamic-static hybrid approach.+ Ideal for analyzing firmware compiled for different processors.- Sensitive to heavy graph manipulation (such as a full flattening).- Sensitive to large scale breakdown of basic block integrity.

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Asm2VecAsm2Vec leverages representation learning. It understands the lexical semantic relationship of assembly code. For example, xmm* registers are semantically related to vector operations such as addps. memcpy is similar to strcpy. The graph below shows different assembly functions compiled from the same source code of gmpz_tdiv_r_2exp in libgmp. From left to right, the assembly functions are compiled with GCC O0 option, GCC O3 option, O-LLVM obfuscator Control Flow Graph, Flattening option, and LLVM obfuscator Bogus Control Flow Graph option. Asm2Vec can statically identify them as clones.Leverage representation learning.Understand the lexical semantic relationship of assembly code. + State-of-the-art for clone search against heavy code obfuscation techniques. (>0.8 accuracy for all options applied in O-LLVM, multiple iterations).+ State-of-the-art for clone search against code optimization. (>0.8 accuracy between O0 and O3, >0.94 accuracy between O2 and O3)+ Even better result than the most recent dynamic approach.+ Much more efficient than recent dynamic approaches.+ Do not need to define the architecture. It self-learns by reading large volume of code.+ Static approach: efficient and scalable.- No subgraphs.- Assume the assembly code come from the same processor family.- Static approach: cannot recognize jump table, etc.

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Executable ClassificationIn this application, the user defines a set of software classes which are based on functional relatedness and provides binaries belong to each class. Then the system automatically groups functions into clusters in which functions are connected directly or indirectly by clone relation. The clusters that are discriminative for the classification are kept and serve as signatures of their classes. Given a target binary, the system shows the degree it belongs to each software class.
Use Asm2Vec as its function similarity computation model+ Provide interpretable classification results.+ Learn common characteristics (i.e., function clusters) of each class.+ Able to handle smaller and imbalanced datasets than an ordinary machine learning (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Machine%20Learning) model.- The limitation is that the assumption that binaries in the same class share some common functions must hold for the system to work.

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Platform OverviewThe figure below shows the major UI components and functionalities of Kam1n0 v2.x. We adopt a material design. In general, each user has an application list, a running-job list, and a result file list.Application list shows the application instances owned by the user and shared by the others.Running-job list shows the running progress for a large query (such as chrome.dll) and indexing procedure.Result file list displays the saved results. More details of the UI design can be found in our detailed tutorial (https://github.com/McGill-DMaS/Kam1n0-Community#documentation).

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Installation InstructionThe current release of Kam1n0 consists of two installers: the core server and IDA Pro plug-in.InstallerIncluded componentsDescriptionKam1n0-Server.msiCore engineMain engine providing service for indexing and searching.WorkbenchA user interface to manage the repositories and running service.Web user interfaceWeb user interface for searching/indexing binary files and assembly functions.Visual C++ redistributable for VS 15Dependecy for z3.Kam1n0-IDA-Plugin.msiPlug-inConnectors and user interface.PyPI wheels for CefpythonRendering engine for the user interface.PyPI and dependent wheelsPackage management for Python. Included for IDA 6.8 &6.9. Installing the Kam1n0 ServerThe Kam1n0 core engine is purely written in Java. You need the following dependencies:[Required] The latest x64 11.x JRE/JDK distribution from Oracle (http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html).[Optional] The latest version of IDA Pro with the idapython (https://github.com/idapython/src/) plug-in installed. The Python plug-in and runtime should have already been installed with IDA Pro. Reinstall IDA Pro if necessary.Download the Kam1n0-Server.msi file from our release page (https://github.com/McGill-DMaS/Kam1n0-Plugin-IDA-Pro/releases). Follow the instructions to install the server. You will be prompted to select an installation path. IDA Pro is optional if the server does not have to deal with any disassembling. In other words, the client side uses the Kam1n0 plugin for IDA Pro. It is strongly suggested to have the IDA Pro installed with the Kam1n0 server. Kam1n0 server will automatically detect your IDA Pro by looking for the default application that you used to open .i64 file.Installing the IDA Pro Plug-inThe Kam1n0 IDA Pro plug-in is written in Python for the logic and in HTML/JavaScript for the rendering. The following dependencies are required for its installation:[Required] IDA Pro (>6.7) with the idapython (https://github.com/idapython/src/) plug-in installed. The Python plug-in and runtime should have already been installed with IDA Pro. Reinstall IDA Pro if necessary.Next, download the Kam1n0-IDA-Plugin.msi installer from our release page (https://github.com/McGill-DMaS/Kam1n0-Plugin-IDA-Pro/releases). Follow the instructions to install the plug-in and runtime. Please note that the plug-in has to be installed in the IDA Pro plugins folder which is located at $IDA_PRO_PATH$/plugins. For example, on Windows, the path could be C:/Program Files (x86)/IDA 6.95/plugins. The installer will detect and validate the path.Setting Up Kam1n0 on Ubuntu/Debian-based systemsEnsure you have the Oracle version of Java 11. (Not default-jdk in apt.)Add Oracle's PPA and then update your package repository: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/javaIf you encounter any errors (such as ~webupd8team not found), if you are on a proxy, make sure you set and export your http_proxy and https_proxy environment variables, and then try again with the -E option on sudo. Additionally, if you are getting a 'add-apt repository command not found error, try: sudo apt install -y software-properties-common.Afterwards: sudo apt-get update, and sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installerVerify your Java version with java -version; you may need to manually set the JAVA_HOME environment variable (in /etc/environment), JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-oracleDownload the latest release for Linux (Kam1n0-IDA-Plugin.tar.gz and Kam1n0-Server.tar.gz) from Kam1n0-Community (https://github.com/McGill-DMaS/Kam1n0-Community/releases).Extract the two tarballs (i.e. tar –xvzf Kam1n0-IDA-Plugin.tar.gz and tar –xvzf Kam1n0-Server.tar.gz)The Kam1n0-Server.tar.gz file will create the server directory.Inside the server directory, you should see a file called kam1n0.properties, which is where you will set various configurations for kam1n0; this is very important.Set kam1n0.data.path to where you would like your kam1n0-related data to be written to. We choose to put

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