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Black Hat Ethical Hacking
Browser-powered desync: New class of HTTP request smuggling attacks showcased at Black Hat USA

Browser-powered desync: New class of HTTP request smuggling attacks showcased at Black Hat USAPost Views: 252 Premium Contenthttps://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Patreon-1.png Subscribe to Patreon to watch this episode.
Reading Time: 3 Minutes A new class of HTTP request smuggling attack allowed a security researcher to compromise multiple popular websites including Amazon and Akamai, break TLS, and exploit Apache servers.Speaking at Black Hat USA yesterday (August 10), James Kettle unveiled research that opens the new frontier in HTTP request smuggling – browser-powered desync attacks.

The briefing and it’s whitepaper, titled ‘Browser-Powered Desync Attacks: A New Frontier in HTTP Request Smuggling’, builds on Kettle’s previous research into desync attacks.

Traditional desync attacks poison the connection between a front-end and back-end server and are therefore impossible on websites that don’t use a front-end/back-end architecture.

However this new technique causes a desync between the front-end and the browser, allowing an attacker to “craft high-severity exploits without relying on malformed requests that browsers will never send”, Kettle noted.

This can expose a whole new range of websites to server-side request smuggling and enables an attacker to perform client-side variations of these attacks by inducing a victim’s browser to poison its own connection to a vulnerable web server.

Kettle demonstrated how he was able to turn a victim’s web browser into a desync delivery platform, shifting the request smuggling frontier by exposing single-server websites and internal networks.

He was able to combine cross-domain requests with server flaws to poison browser connection pools, install backdoors, and release desync worms – in turn compromising targets including Amazon, Apache, Akamai, Varnish, and multiple web VPNs.
See Also: So you want to be a hacker? Complete Offensive Security and Ethical Hacking Course DiscoveryKettle told attendees at the 25th anniversary of the annual hacking conference that four separate vulnerabilities led to the discovery of browser-powered desync attacks.

The first, involving request validation, leverages a technique in which an attacker can use two requests down the same connection with a valid host header in order to gain access to the host in the second request, because the reverse proxy only validates the first host.

The second, first-request routing, is a closely related flaw which occurs when the front-end uses the first request’s Host header to decide which back-end to route the request to, and then routes all subsequent requests from the same client connection down the same back-end connection.

Kettle also discovered a technique to detect connection-locked request smuggling by using a delay and reading the data early to decide if the front-end is using the Content-Length header.

https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/819f-article-220810-james-k-1024x576.jpg
James Kettle presents at the annual hacking conference held in Las Vegas
If it is using the Content-Length it will time out, which will signify the difference between connection-locked HTTP/1 request smuggling and harmless HTTP pipelining.

A fourth vulnerability caused a desync known as CL.0/H2.0. Kettle was able to use this to compromise Amazon users’ accounts, enabling him to steal users’ requests and add them to his shopping list. He could capture all their requests, including tokens which could have enabled him to impersonate those users.

Speakin[...]

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