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kubeaudit is a command line (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Command%20Line) tool and a Go package to audit Kubernetes clusters for various different security concerns, such as: run as non-root use a read-only root filesystem drop scary capabilities, don't add new ones don't run privileged and more! tldr. kubeaudit makes sure you deploy secure containers! Package To use kubeaudit as a Go package, see the package docs (https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit). The rest of this README will focus on how to use kubeaudit as a command line tool. Command Line Interface (CLI) Installation (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#installation) Quick Start (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#quick-start) Audit Results (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#audit-results) Commands (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#commands) Configuration File (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#configuration-file) Override Errors (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#override-errors) Contributing (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#contributing) Installation Brew brew install kubeaudit
Download a binary Kubeaudit has official releases that are blessed and stable: Official releases (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/releases) DIY build Master may have newer features than the stable releases. If you need a newer feature not yet included in a release, make sure you're using Go 1.17+ and run the following: go get -v github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit Start using kubeaudit with the Quick Start (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#quick-start) or view all the supported commands (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#commands). Kubectl Plugin Prerequisite: kubectl v1.12.0 or later With kubectl v1.12.0 introducing easy pluggability (https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/extend-kubectl/kubectl-plugins/) of external functions, kubeaudit can be invoked as kubectl audit by running make plugin and having $GOPATH/bin available in your path. or renaming the binary to kubectl-audit and having it available in your path. Docker We also release a Docker image (https://hub.docker.com/r/shopify/kubeaudit): shopify/kubeaudit. To run kubeaudit as a job in your cluster see Running kubeaudit in a cluster (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/cluster.md). Quick Start kubeaudit has three modes: Manifest mode Local mode Cluster mode Manifest Mode If a Kubernetes manifest file is provided using the -f/--manifest flag, kubeaudit will audit the manifest file. Example command: kubeaudit all -f "/path/to/manifest.yml"
Example output: $ kubeaudit all -f "internal/test/fixtures/all_resources/deployment-apps-v1.yml"

---------------- Results for ---------------

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: deployment
namespace: deployment-apps-v1

--------------------------------------------

-- [error] AppArmorAnnotationMissing
Message: AppArmor annotation missing. The annotation 'container.apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/container' should be added.
Metadata:
Container: container
MissingAnnotation: container.apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/container

-- [error] AutomountServiceAccountTokenTrueAndDefaultSA
Message: Default service account with token mounted. automountServiceAccountToken should be set to 'false' or a non-default service account should be used.

-- [error] CapabilityShouldDropAll
Message: Capability not set to ALL. Ideally, you should drop ALL capabilities and add the specific ones you need to the add list.
Metadata:
Container: container
Capability: AUDIT_WRITE
...
If no errors with a given minimum severity are found, the following is returned: All checks completed. 0 high-risk vulnerabilities (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/vulnerabilities) found Autofix Manifest mode also supports autofixing all security issues using the autofix command: kubeaudit autofix -f "/path/to/manifest.yml"

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To write the fixed manifest to a new file instead of modifying the source file, use the -o/--output flag. kubeaudit autofix -f "/path/to/manifest.yml" -o "/path/to/fixed"
To fix a manifest based on custom rules specified on a kubeaudit config file, use the -k/--kconfig flag. kubeaudit autofix -k "/path/to/kubeaudit-config.yml" -f "/path/to/manifest.yml" -o "/path/to/fixed"
Cluster Mode Kubeaudit can detect if it is running within a container in a cluster. If so, it will try to audit all Kubernetes resources in that cluster: kubeaudit all
Local Mode Kubeaudit will try to connect to a cluster using the local kubeconfig (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Kubeconfig) file ($HOME/.kube/config). A different kubeconfig location can be specified using the --kubeconfig flag. To specify a context of the kubeconfig, use the -c/--context flag. kubeaudit all --kubeconfig "/path/to/config" --context my_cluster
For more information on kubernetes config files, see https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/organize-cluster-access-kubeconfig/ Audit Results Kubeaudit produces results with three levels of severity: Error: A security issue or invalid kubernetes configuration Warning: A best practice recommendation Info: Informational, no action required. This includes results that are overridden (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#override-errors) The minimum severity level can be set using the --minSeverity/-m flag. By default kubeaudit will output results in a human-readable way. If the output is intended to be further processed, it can be set to output JSON using the --format json flag. To output results as logs (the previous default) use --format logrus. Some output formats include colors to make results easier to read in a terminal. To disable colors (for example, if you are sending output to a text file), you can use the --no-color flag. If there are results of severity level error, kubeaudit will exit with exit code 2. This can be changed using the --exitcode/-e flag. For all the ways kubeaudit can be customized, see Global Flags (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#global-flags). Commands Command Description Documentation all Runs all available auditors, or those specified using a kubeaudit config. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/all.md) autofix Automatically fixes security issues. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/autofix.md) version Prints the current kubeaudit version. Auditors Auditors can also be run individually. Command Description Documentation apparmor Finds containers (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Containers) running without AppArmor. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/apparmor.md) asat Finds pods using an automatically mounted default service account docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/asat.md) capabilities Finds containers that do not drop the recommended capabilities or add new ones. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/capabilities.md) deprecatedapis Finds any resource defined with a deprecated API version. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/deprecatedapis.md) hostns Finds containers that have HostPID, HostIPC or HostNetwork enabled. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/hostns.md) image Finds containers which do not use the desired version of an image (via the tag) or use an image without a tag. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/image.md) limits Finds containers which exceed the specified CPU and memory limits or do not specify any. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/limits.md) mounts Finds containers that have sensitive host paths mounted. docs

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(https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/mounts.md) netpols Finds namespaces that do not have a default-deny network policy. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/netpols.md) nonroot Finds containers running as root. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/nonroot.md) privesc Finds containers that allow privilege escalation. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/privesc.md) privileged Finds containers running as privileged. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/privileged.md) rootfs Finds containers which do not have a read-only filesystem. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/rootfs.md) seccomp Finds containers running without Seccomp. docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/docs/auditors/seccomp.md) Global Flags Short Long Description --format The output format to use (one of "pretty", "logrus", "json") (default is "pretty") --kubeconfig Path to local Kubernetes config file. Only used in local mode (default is $HOME/.kube/config) -c --context The name of the kubeconfig context to use -f --manifest Path to the yaml configuration to audit. Only used in manifest mode. You may use - to read from stdin. -n --namespace Only audit resources in the specified namespace. Not currently supported in manifest mode. -g --includegenerated Include generated resources in scan (such as Pods generated by deployments). If you would like kubeaudit to produce results for generated resources (for example if you have custom resources or want to catch orphaned resources where the owner resource no longer exists) you can use this flag. -m --minseverity Set the lowest severity level to report (one of "error", "warning", "info") (default is "info") -e --exitcode Exit code to use if there are results with severity of "error". Conventionally, 0 is used for success and all non-zero codes for an error. (default is 2) --no-color Don't use colors in the output (default is false) Configuration File The kubeaudit config can be used for two things: Enabling only some auditors Specifying configuration for auditors Any configuration that can be specified using flags for the individual auditors can be represented using the config. The config has the following format: enabledAuditors:
# Auditors are enabled by default if they are not explicitly set to "false"
apparmor: false
asat: false
capabilities: true
deprecatedapis: true
hostns: true
image: true
limits: true
mounts: true
netpols: true
nonroot: true
privesc: true
privileged: true
rootfs: true
seccomp: true
auditors:
capabilities:
# add capabilities needed to the add list, so kubeaudit won't report errors
allowAddList: ['AUDIT_WRITE', 'CHOWN']
deprecatedapis:
# If no versions are specified and the'deprecatedapis' auditor is enabled, WARN
# results will be genereted for the resources defined with a deprecated API.
currentVersion: '1.22'
targetedVersion: '1.25'
image:
# If no image is specified and the 'image' auditor is enabled, WARN results
# will be generated for containers which use an ima ge without a tag
image: 'myimage:mytag'
limits:
# If no limits are specified and the 'limits' auditor is enabled, WARN results
# will be generated for containers which have no cpu or memory limits specified
cpu: '750m'
memory: '500m' For more details about each auditor, including a description of the auditor-specific configuration in the config, see the Auditor Docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#auditors). Note: The kubeaudit config is not the same as the kubeconfig file specified with the --kubeconfig flag, which refers to the Kubernetes config file (see Local Mode

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kubeaudit/mounts.md at main · Shopify/kubeaudit

kubeaudit helps you audit your Kubernetes clusters against common security controls - kubeaudit/mounts.md at main · Shopify/kubeaudit

5 viewsedited 13:22

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(https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/main/README.md#local-mode)). Also note that only the all and autofix commands support using a kubeaudit config. It will not work with other commands. Note: If flags are used in combination with the config file, flags will take precedence. Override Errors Security issues can be ignored for specific containers or pods by adding override labels. This means the auditor will produce info results instead of error results and the audit result name will have Allowed appended to it. The labels are documented in each auditor's documentation, but the general format for auditors that support overrides is as follows: An override label consists of a key and a value. The key is a combination of the override type (container or pod) and an override identifier which is unique to each auditor (see the docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#auditors) for the specific auditor). The key can take one of two forms depending on the override type: Container overrides, which override the auditor for that specific container, are formatted as follows: container.audit.kubernetes.io/[container name].[override identifier] Pod overrides, which override the auditor for all containers within the pod, are formatted as follows: audit.kubernetes.io/pod.[override identifier] If the value is set to a non-empty string, it will be displayed in the info result as the OverrideReason: $ kubeaudit asat -f "auditors/asat/fixtures/service-account-token-true-allowed.yml"

---------------- Results for ---------------

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
name: replicationcontroller
namespace: service-account-token-true-allowed

--------------------------------------------

-- [info] AutomountServiceAccountTokenTrueAndDefaultSAAllowed
Message: Audit result overridden: Default service account with token mounted. automountServiceAccountToken should be set to 'false' or a non-default service account should be used.
Metadata:
OverrideReason: SomeReason
As per Kubernetes spec, value must be 63 characters or less and must be empty or begin and end with an alphanumeric character ([a-z0-9A-Z]) with dashes (-), underscores (_), dots (.), and alphanumerics between. Multiple override labels (for multiple auditors) can be added to the same resource. See the specific auditor docs (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit#auditors) for the auditor you wish to override for examples. To learn more about labels, see https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/ Contributing If you'd like to fix a bug, contribute a feature or just correct a typo, please feel free to do so as long as you follow our Code of Conduct (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md). Create your own fork! Get the source: go get github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit Go to the source: cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit Add your forked repo as a fork: git remote add fork https://github.com/you-are-awesome/kubeaudit Create your feature branch: git checkout -b awesome-new-feature Install Kind (https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/#installation-and-usage) Run the tests to see everything is working as expected: make test (to run tests without Kind: USE_KIND=false make test) Commit your changes: git commit -am 'Adds awesome feature' Push to the branch: git push fork Sign the Contributor License Agreement (https://cla.shopify.com/) Submit a PR (All PR must be labeled with  (Bug fix), (New feature),(Documentation update), or(Breaking changes) ) ??? Profit Note that if you didn't sign the CLA before opening your PR, you can re-run the check by adding a comment to the PR that says "I've signed the CLA!"!

Download Kubeaudit (https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit)

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GitHub

kubeaudit/README.md at main · Shopify/kubeaudit

kubeaudit helps you audit your Kubernetes clusters against common security controls - kubeaudit/README.md at main · Shopify/kubeaudit

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Authorization token leak from verify email endpoint
https://vengeance.medium.com/authorization-token-leak-from-verifying-email-endpoint-f28803476680?source=rss------bug_bounty-5

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Medium

Authorization token leak from verify email endpoint

While testing a website I found that the verify email endpoint was leaking the authorization tokens of any verified users by just passing…

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While testing a website I found that the verify email endpoint was leaking the authorization tokens of any verified users by just passing…Continue reading on Medium » (https://vengeance.medium.com/authorization-token-leak-from-verifying-email-endpoint-f28803476680?source=rss------bug_bounty-5)

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Medium

Authorization token leak from verify email endpoint

While testing a website I found that the verify email endpoint was leaking the authorization tokens of any verified users by just passing…

7 viewsedited 14:37

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Authorization token leak from verify email endpoint

While testing a website I found that the verify email endpoint was leaking the authorization tokens of any verified users by just passing…Continue reading on Medium »
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CRLF to Account takeover (chaining bugs)

Hi, everyoneContinue reading on Medium »
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Photo

Hacking on Medium
CRLF to Account takeover (chaining bugs)

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/600/1*cmObGZE__peI9_yQYQTP0w.png
Hi, everyone

Continue reading on Medium »

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CRLF to Account takeover (chaining bugs)

Hi, everyone