KitPloit - PenTest Tools!
Uncover - Quickly Discover Exposed Hosts On The Internet Using Multiple Search Engine

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhRIkIidhwshIpmTPd_eWQflWfTTHmOyiJLUN0pL3PaLrjksuz3pRlkPsRz3dj1nTn9Cox7WAD9paRlDBvEWeMnSMqBZVasSvrb3HgilZzzi_lkrB1K8t-M_wBDf5lbJOVgl-fqMW132FId4mb2G2mcVgTgN8nKbzO70Rr5t1ctud2m4eZzX7Ju63W9=w640-h442 uncover is a go wrapper using APIs of well known search engines to quickly discover exposed hosts on the internet. It is built with automation in mind, so you can query it and utilize the results with your current pipeline tools. Currently, it supports shodan, censys, and fofa search engine. Features* Simple and Handy utility to query multiple search engine
* Multiple Search engine support (Shodan, Censys, Fofa)
* Automatic key/credential randomization
* stdin / stdout support for input and output Installation Instructionsuncover requires go1.17 to install successfully. Run the following command to get the repo - go install -v github.com/projectdiscovery/uncover/cmd/uncover@latestUsageuncover -hThis will display help for the tool. Here are all the flags it supports: Usage:
./uncover [flags]

Flags:
INPUT:
-q, -query string[] search query or list (file or comma separated or stdin)
-e, -engine string[] search engine to query (shodan,fofa,censys) (default shodan)

CONFIG:
-pc, -provider string provider configuration file (default "$HOME/.config/uncover/provider-config.yaml")
-config string flag configuration file (default "$HOME/.config/uncover/config.yaml")
-timeout int timeout in seconds (default 30)
-delay int delay between requests in seconds (0 to disable) (default 1)

OUTPUT:
-o, -output string output file to write found results
-f, -field string field to display in output (ip,port,host) (default ip:port)
-j, -json write output in JSONL(ines) format
-l, -limit int limit the number of results to return (default 100)
-nc, -no-color dis able colors in output

DEBUG:
-silent show only results in output
-version show version of the project
-v show verbose outputProvider ConfigurationThe default provider configuration file should be located at $HOME/.config/uncover/provider-config.yamland has the following contents as an example. In order to run this tool, the API keys / credentials needs to be added in this config file or set as environment variable. shodan:
- SHODAN_API_KEY1
- SHODAN_API_KEY2
censys:
- CENSYS_API_ID:CENSYS_API_SECRET
fofa:
- FOFA_EMAIL:FOFA_KEYWhen multiple keys/credentials are specified for same provider in the config file, random key will be used for each execution.

alternatively you can also set the API key as environment variable in your bash profile. export SHODAN_API_KEY=xxx
export CENSYS_API_ID=xxx
export CENSYS_API_SECRET=xxx
export FOFA_EMAIL=xxx
export FOFA_KEY=xxxRequired keys can be obtained by signing up on Shodan, Censys, Fofa. Running Uncoveruncover supports multiple ways to make the query including stdin or qflag echo 'ssl:"Uber Technologies, Inc."' | uncover

__ ______ _________ _ _____ _____
/ / / / __ \/ ___/ __ \ | / / _ \/ ___/
/ /_/ / / / / /__/ /_/ / |/ / __/ /
\__,_/_/ /_/\___/\____/|___/\___/_/ v0.0.1
projectdiscovery.io

[WRN] Use with caution. You are responsible for your actions
[WRN] Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage.
[WRN] By using uncover, you also agree to the terms of the APIs used.

107.180.12.116:993
107.180.26.155:443
104.244.99.31:443
161.28.20.79:443
104.21.8.108:443
198.71.233.203:443
104.17.237.13:443
162.255.165.171:443
12.237.119.61:443
192.169.250.211:443
104.16.251.50:443Running uncover with file input containing multiple search queries pe[...]

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r line. cat dorks.txt

ssl:"Uber Technologies, Inc."
title:"Grafana"uncover -q dorks.txt

__ ______ _________ _ _____ _____
/ / / / __ \/ ___/ __ \ | / / _ \/ ___/
/ /_/ / / / / /__/ /_/ / |/ / __/ /
\__,_/_/ /_/\___/\____/|___/\___/_/ v0.0.1
projectdiscovery.io

[WRN] Use with caution. You are responsible for your actions
[WRN] Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage.
[WRN] By using uncover, you also agree to the terms of the APIs used.

107.180.12.116:993
107.180.26.155:443
104.244.99.31:443
161.28.20.79:443
104.21.8.108:443
198.71.233.203:443
2607:7c80:54:3::74:3001
104.198.55.35:80
46.101.82.244:3000
34.147.126.112:80
138.197.147.213:8086uncover supports fieldflag to specify fields to return, currently ip, port, hostare supported. uncover -q jira -f host -silent

ec2-44-198-22-253.compute-1.amazonaws.com
ec2-18-246-31-139.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com
tasks.devrtb.com
leased-line-91-149-128-229.telecom.by
74.242.203.213.static.inetbone.net
ec2-52-211-7-108.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
ec2-54-187-161-180.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com
185-2-52-226.static.nucleus.be
ec2-34-241-80-255.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.comuncover supports fieldflag which can be also used to customize the format of the output, for example in case of uncover -f https://ip:port/version, ip:portwill be replaced with results in the output maintaining the defined format.

kubernetes | uncover -f https://ip:port/version -silent https://35.222.229.38:443/version https://52.11.181.228:443/version https://35.239.255.1:443/version https://34.71.48.11:443/version https://130.211.54.173:443/version https://54.184.250.232:443/version">echo kubernetes | uncover -f https://ip:port/version -silent

https://35.222.229.38:443/version
https://52.11.181.228:443/version
https://35.239.255.1:443/version
https://34.71.48.11:443/version
https://130.211.54.173:443/version
https://54.184.250.232:443/version

uncover supports multiple search engine, as default shodan is used, engineflag can be used to specify any available search engines. echo jira | uncover -e shodan,censys -silent

176.31.249.189:5001
13.211.116.80:443
43.130.1.221:631
192.195.70.29:443
52.27.22.181:443
117.48.120.226:8889
106.52.115.145:49153
13.69.135.128:443
193.35.99.158:443
18.202.109.218:8089
101.36.105.97:21379
42.194.226.30:2626Output of uncover can be further piped to other projects in workflow accepting stdin as input.

* uncover -q example -f ip | naabu- Runs naabu for port scanning on the found host.
* uncover -q title:GitLab | httpx- Runs httpx for web server probing the found result. uncover -q http.title:GitLab -silent | httpx -silent

https://15.185.150.109
https://139.162.137.16
https://164.68.115.243
https://135.125.215.186
https://163.172.59.119
http://15.236.10.197
https://129.206.117.248* uncover -q 'org:"Example Inc."' | httpx | nuclei- Runs httpx / nuclei for vulnerability assessment. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPnpNqFGwXSBRlSpeHubFIPKwWP6d41xwWREOqLHksVv4DK4UH3JaRY2UIOgPEcphSjx33mamXGoVugGCAZtI9904E13xp1hFIudaMbpRQq92fsgDwxSf0m2sMJDTgOh2A3RBN4tCKAmQXYUbGkjp0W425KTHIvRGUDheS4A1AuQcwZI_FdBnHdV8g=w640-h438 Notes:* keys/ credentials are required to configure before running or using this project.
* queryflag supports all the filters supported by underlying API in use.
* queryflag input needs be compatible with search engine in use.
* results are limited to 100as default and can be increased with limitflag.
uncover is made with love by the projectdiscovery team. Download Uncover

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hacking: security in practice
How do I spoof a phone number?

I know this is very basic but I'm new to all things hacking. Off of inspiration from Kevin mitnick I wanted to start with phones. Spoofing, automessage forwarding and the such

submitted by /u/ch1m3rachaos
[link] [comments]

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hacking: security in practice
Spoof SMS Sender

Is it still possible to spoof the sender of an sms message? I don't so much care about the recipient's reply, just would like to send a one way text from the number of my choosing. There used to be services for this online, but they seemed to have disappeared.

submitted by /u/MisfitEight4
[link] [comments]

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โปรแกรมตามหา Bug ของ Axelar Network

ภาพรวมของโปรแกรมContinue reading on Medium »
Read more...

โปรแกรมตามหา Bug ของ Axelar Network
https://medium.com/@Axelarthailand/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2-bug-%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87-axelar-network-dbb626bfc2d7?source=rss------bug_bounty-5

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ภาพรวมของโปรแกรมContinue reading on Medium » (https://medium.com/@Axelarthailand/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2-bug-%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87-axelar-network-dbb626bfc2d7?source=rss------bug_bounty-5)

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Hacking Articles
A Detailed Guide on Responder (LLMNR Poisoning)

IntroductionResponder is a widely used tool in penetration test scenarios and can be used for lateral movement across the network by red teamers. The tool contains many useful features like LLMNR, NT-NS and MDNS poisoning. It is used in practical scenarios for objectives like hash capture or poisoned answer forwarding supporting various AD attacks. The tool contains various built-in servers like HTTP, SMB, LDAP, DCE-RPC Auth server etc. In this article, we will cover a majority of these attacks that can be performed while being aided by the responder. Table of content* LLMNR, NBT-NS, MDNS and DHCP
* Responder Installation
* Attack 1: LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning through SMB
* Attack 2: LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning through WPAD
* Responder Analyze Mode
* Responder Basic Authentication Mode
* Responder Downgrade NTLMv2-SSP to NTLMv2
* Responder external IP poisoning
* Responder Multi-Relay: Shell on a system
* Responder DNS injection in DHCP response
* What are these servers in responder?
* Recommendations
* Conclusion LLMNR, NBT-NS, MDNS and DHCPLLMNR: LLMNR is a protocol that allows name resolution without the requirement of a DNS server. It is able to provide a hostname-to-IP based off a multicast packet sent across the network asking all listening Network-Interfaces to reply if they are authoritatively known as the hostname in the query.  It does this by sending a network packet to port UDP 5355 to the multicast network address. It allows IPv4 and IPv6 hosts and supports all current and future DNS formats, types, and classes. It is the successor of NBT-NS.

NBT-NS: NetBIOS name service (NBT-NS) is a Windows protocol that is used to translate NetBIOS names to IP addresses on a local network. It is analogous to what DNS does on the internet. Each machine is assigned a NetBIOS name by the NBT-NS service. Works on UDP port 137. It is the predecessor of LLMNR.

MDNS: Multicast DNS (mDNS) is a protocol aimed at helping with name resolution in networks. It doesn’t query a name server, rather, multicasts the queries to all the clients in a network directly. In multicast, an individual message is aimed directly at a group of recipients.  When a connection between sender and recipient is made, all participants are informed of the connection between the name and IP address and can make a corresponding entry in their mDNS cache.

LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning: Let’s say a victim wants to connect to a shared drive \\wow so it sends the request to the DNS server. The only problem is that DNS can’t connect to \\wow as it doesn’t exist. Therefore, the server replies back saying he can’t connect the victim to \\wow. Thereafter, the victim will multicast this request to the entire network (using LLMNR) in case any particular user knows the route to the shared drive (\\wow).

An adversary can spoof an authoritative source for name resolution by responding to this multicast request by a victim as if they know the identity of the shared drive a victim wants to connect with and in turn request its NTLM hash. This means that the attacker has now poisoned the service!

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVE0JujaHdtgJn3sTMBXSiR4ruZ5alpr-8kGVAdsx6gzR4WmOPLAkERsX9sh8oJQNQcQLyJvBR3xQi6wMYUr6RjMPpXOBSKoVN1UwQJg478eWg8QSVW-q9QQD8eWrcJyZcHmHY-cRLF12lhmsokuIvj1YYZ7bRfVyZ7kJTZz5SHAfUeEhK9YTtkameBw/s16000/0.png?w=640&ssl=1

DHCP Poisoning: Dynamic Host Client Protocol (DHCP) is used to provide a host with its IP address, subnet mask, gateway etc. Windows uses multiple custom DHCP options like NetBIOS, WPAD etc. By poisoning the DHCP response, an attacker would be able to help the victim pinpoint its own rogue server for any kind of authentication. In turn, compromising the credentials. Responder InstallationInitially developed by SpiderLabs and now being developed by Laurent [...]

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Gaffie (lgandx), responder is a python coded tool that can be found here. The tool comes with built-in Kali OS. Responder.exe (Windows version) of the same can be found here.

It can be run using the command:
responder -h
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMdkuUouM8mVXnU_M0aSA58AgPqfdc6ViKx1v6O-_GzFN7aUwnvm4pztXOlOG0wFsotcYjIOHon9umSJnI7NuXBsLd1MWJ9mVuPCaAt054AIIq0_-FY2HSPlmO97g-QZlyKDKupmhdsPvAuI5OirmsezAGyn8VMCU_fGm7ow5SHg7iuJNeiYAcD5zxtw/s16000/1.png?w=640&ssl=1 Attack 1: LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning through SMBEssentially when a system tries to access an SMB share, it sends a request to the DNS server which then resolves the share name to the respective IP address and the requesting system can access it. However, when the provided share name doesn’t exist, the system sends out an LLMNR query to the entire network. This way, if any user(IP address) has access to that share, it can reply and provide the communication to the requestor.

Let’s see a share “wow” which doesn’t exist currently. If the share exists on the same network, wow can be accessed by typing “\\wow” in the address bar of file explorer. It doesn’t exist and so, Windows throws an error.

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV3cMBH4XJOBR4BMZXMfl78WtWOqp_QFmtOsHmrNmGy0vszO3VuFBTLPyLq2Rkvu0grS1lUe4LC0xpOWvvv9-AZA3HO5O1aRwpzaDnE_Yp2LC4fKm7kkyTn2Jk2CrsJbCusCCMidSOmajsgvcmwmrLFy9mmiIaX020vL0a75-pt4s8Hhw00-b-KnanQg/s16000/2.png?w=640&ssl=1

In comes responder. Now at this point, the requesting machine (windows 10) sends out an LLMNR request. We set up responder to poison that request. We need to tell responder the NIC on which we want to listen for LLMNR requests. Here, eth0. The default responder run shall start LLMNR and NBT-NS poisoning by default.
responder -I eth0
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8rSxYx0GVfXz6W5907NN5x_n1AOhAICepo6t5OubuU9xpih2Zo9s9m2kF2eq8vBOJOUD2VKEqASl9ZbGJTm84Cvke2lxZTpDrUc-zkf1Exs4QLiSHQQcM_7I1vEFeMbJAUr4g4OQrlo7rtdB49gv-ZUAs9hNaEjFFX9AOntC2TSCI3v0p6jL-ycw75g/s16000/3.png?w=640&ssl=1

Now, when the victim tries to access shared drive “wow” he sees this! Wow has suddenly been made available and the poisoner asking for user credentials.

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSXuQwXX06KelgjXBPaEijOxw6z2yRzgZtXGBcDmfL7tKXj7ZdHcarGYd-9YTGb6nTCAHP2lg_87psy7DmtSlpjqq53AKJnjmzjY0WR8Rj4R8c2ziB81UDrzfPpoheMKn589dGU_Zx9aBrZovJC7tISqOpxaPUjd4SSX1SX-kOBlutR6KlCOts3UTwiQ/s16000/4.png?w=640&ssl=1

Wow isn’t available at all! That’s just our poisoned answer in order to obtain NTLM hashes. Even if the user doesn’t input credentials, the hashes will be obtained.

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg68sVzz3F5qK6IjZRdLQqf4M90x1S8cI2kzi-bJdQiAhHBT4uI0fC95C4iELx5zkHh3UrVVTBmluQJsAIZQs4CCnjCOqjSIs3R8S1k1-Q5fnJ5OLidMfMRpU5r0LTbWGsb9EnrRPSRCiI9jD5CI5i2zSRhsjlDm7FxSX4gNTjAgMIOH7m3OZrUWkWnUA/s16000/5.png?w=640&ssl=1

We can now save these hashes in a file hash.txt and use hashcat to crack it. Please note that module number 5600 is the one suited to crack NTLMv2. If you obtained some other version of NTLM, please follow the hashcat modules here to specify the correct one.
hashcat -m 5600 hash.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSR7vZLixbRxRQRUgE4Wli_MT1JIBNZNZf4CGLnwbodOeaqaoFpZC7G74jvyKP_nm1l7zV4awzfZwpvQDznmvseka_wmUYTSoyp-5Dpo5gJYoEG4SL1uvFEA3DpWb_ZWfj6GxpxQAMBhw9VTQpjd3Z0xYA_Q9Ev4WB1_yEAahB9oDs4lk2LjHpoHxI5g/s16000/6.png?w=640&ssl=1

As you can see, the password has now been obtained which is Password@1

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFXo7GTNv0Qkk9hryJmd2cU8caRbACms0XMYIX2xVHKSrQi9dytDxv26dABbSy8XNI1dWGjmyEXnLtABsWR-He91p09L44lR-ZsVQjRFrw970Fzmfm7WxwJo5mSIPDgwgTN7HQj2PhmRUhy1mNj4joJpVn_HwWsX6Nh-zFE5lHuZP54v3g5Ta0bUcz5w/s16000/7.png?w=640&ssl=1

Furthermore, responder creates logs of every sessions[...]

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and all the hashes thus dumped can be seen under the folder /usr/share/responder/logs

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2_OmCmAS87AokK3bcm_H7ni328yUo_zABgh5a5DWIZbit_SW-8BvO49DAdqGkyPLLkEY9qQeXjaCmbGDljZgf5efw-Ulb-2MDjxRA0vAkUGONj5JW5SOyoL328o7AB3PjBGdR2ZcCrULgSq7lf9Fx9A9LDx-mtBT1RqhOh2sx_xgPvt0WrWix5ds_sQ/s16000/8.png?w=640&ssl=1 Attack 2: LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning through WPADWPAD: Web Proxy Autodiscovery Protocol is a method used by a browser to automatically locate and interface with cache services in a network so that information is delivered quickly. WPAD by default uses DHCP to locate a cache service to facilitate straightforward connectivity and name resolution.

In an organization that uses WPAD server, supply each browser with the same proxy configurations using a file called wpad.dat. Hence, any request going from any browser in a company domain first finds wpad.dat and then reads the configuration and finally sends the request to the destination.

When an invalid URL is an input in the browser, the browser fails to load that page using DNS and hence, sends out an LLMNR request to find a WPAD proxy server. This behaviour is there by default in browsers that have enabled “automatic configuration detection,” an option used often in corporate networks to route traffic through proxy. It then asks for wpad.dat which contains proxy’s auto-configuration data.

Responder (LLMNR poisoner) creates a rogue WPAD proxy server, poisons the request, and tells the browser that it has wpad.dat file and asks for authentication. When the user inputs his credentials, the hashes travel through the attacker!

Attack: To configure WPAD rogue proxy server we use the -w option. Furthermore, we added an optional switch of DHCP injection. This switch would inject rogue proxy’s address (kali IP) in the DHCP response. The attack could still work without this switch.
responder -I eth0 -wd
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnV2okcE5GQHOMfODfMVdW26OkUKM1GDK2gb2Fy4qh1TyCiTnccmAJC4x9UuUP5evlPyqGHnyCvAuXiXU9RF_Nspd-1BmEloS5M9oNtGfY1mqSpRg9IZUxF3IKNdVNp2JswIazgWFo3GLhVRYi5DEWz3em8zc0_WEOBMy80IfwF6WhDxFA7z9cLXnlsg/s16000/9.png?w=640&ssl=1

As you can see above, that DHCP poisoner and WPAD proxy have now been turned on. Now, when a user inputs any wrong URL, let’s say, randomurl.local, browser couldn’t locate it. Responder poisons and injects DHCP response with WPAD’s IP and the browser tries to authenticate to the WPAD server and gives a login prompt.

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif4uHhGpYlrjRO12D4y46wRfTebdxqm7m7xISh2f3oVnPxZw4fT7Pa_3BnuvKoaOykdwSkN_5hIjakS8jgILXeYz5Os9t9pGJOhjv5N8doX2Dj-JBwXegz_YY74HuYPk4ua3jmo94VnaV9-yXG60kKTRrLgoTYcyoUMU00Yq8vgj9nw-wUNCDervPWGQ/s16000/10.png?w=640&ssl=1

As soon as the client inputs his credentials, we receive their NTLM hashes!

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6aF-VeAAf614QPBCDoErcjyAbmvsPSI2d7hRViQeAkUW2E28TompJv9-QOsnBpQoZ5ndThdGTapjRoSju7zmUqs9shZQtCkTPfukek5A3Vy23IP6caEP_rA20RFacF7u_uDj_mVTvQzLTZfA0x-xdFX6xip3ttfEF4Hcgtf31vI5AgxoQv9SXpMRpaw/s16000/11.png?w=640&ssl=1

This can be viewed in the logs too, but this time under the name HTTP-NTLMV2-IPV6.txt format\

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmMToBqe_Em2bQ3Kzh1Soa2FCDWhnihfK--vED8vxAX7O6tttcnT0qyLC-FGA0vMCw9iqyClSSgw-_nctU80d0iBFEBQgOpIkiU-tDiVaX31f7n0HOL5BATMqtiZpnHONcOJzMokGVvhPF-YkbtiXX85Yb4-SKvDOOwiK8a8l0TdmEpYaOoheUhzR0RA/s16000/12.png?w=640&ssl=1

We can crack it using hashcat now
hashcat -m 5600 HTTP-NTLMv2-fe80::ddc5:3b8f:e421:a88a.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSeuUPL41x8-4E_puFlUlyoYeCOrt3EIa7F_U0EtrO-_AS-nX9CengCfGrqTJEBIl0sVjUXwHQDE8KZj6_HqQd1km0DjiSqq3vo-yx5l0R5Fyr5D52VE8nhs1uC6wqSmUHw5TWx4wSA0ltAmLFYAulmHsUahzSqeX5r1mMhoKL2-o1IBaIDtIfhQZSnQ/s16000/13.png?w=640&ssl=1

Hash has been cracked and cl[...]

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@Hacking_Video

ear text password dumped!

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmSoigDPRMIxysJXpOE-qMY3P2x6r3SucyK6M6J13rynU2Aq-xguX0H4aCZY0fs01bIBo0ZVLLMcqMBxB3kkrsUPEyXXQiN-upVW1nRvGpTfEO40sl0SVQMeR8psoW0kD63iwvH17Gmbhc0ZGViNppI7X3w0u-4nmkI6txIyrzWfPkPpWyBZwM0JVCaQ/s16000/14.png?w=640&ssl=1 Responder Analyze ModeIn the analyze mode, responder doesn’t automatically poison the LLMNR requests, rather it tracks the network flow of the requests made in order to give essential information like name of the user, machine account being used, name of the DC, OS version etc. It can be switched on using -A switch
responder -I eth0 -A
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When a victim tried to access wrong sharename (Attack 1 method), responder analyses the entire flow and gives us the DC name, Windows OS version etc.

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbUkr4OJW6VuQMnpict3K3gg1wlaik_3LmQYXrX-yerT_cTDokVzIVlpHPKtd8jNVfuH-469bF3YCLbtRQXQm5-WsD_Y4yQC7KaMAPt0W8wZgzv0OFX6yXIrqASlMs6vytgIz9S9yeU59mUDLL4-VGXoNPg_ugHef4oAXdO2VHAyWEFybhFQEtGTkh6Q/s16000/16.png?w=640&ssl=1 Responder Basic Authentication ModeIn attack 2, we saw how an NTLM authentication windows was opened when our rogue WPAD proxy server was being accessed by poisoning LLMNR. In turn, we were able to retrieve the NTLMv2 hashes. We will imitate the same attack but this time, try to gain clear text credentials of the user using basic authentication! This can be achieved using the -b flag. Further, we are using -F switch to force basic authentication!
responder -I eth0 -wdF -b
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOpPK0XcbbInB5BoRS8VhcgsvIaFW4Kk4tlRo3V-7I87WH04pztzwZ-7kStR2uvijvqay7Bbaf7_R7IFnkiYulx1jYorRaTbaNidLf7wUYCXdDLEScfNVKs5xRE6lhDapkBetYXxajfy8sz7Ir5Bt1CWRQjqRSOTF5v9FBqMGOHw2IGRG5uh_vDKvu2A/s16000/17.png?w=640&ssl=1

Now, when a user tries to access any invalid URL, he sees the following prompt with the message saying that these credentials would be sent in clear text using basic authentication.

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuAE1L8VjA2t1R7gAbTeoL8BzUJitAGdpPyBIiAcPOtsq9LNxdNGKJgPFlEmItjBtHfUss0KPC93m-yTdsCjQhHQLvu4AP1Dh1bFxiVvF-L9NqUjK0WUOkl5U2q-L28hAYLLhVJpEKvIV2tOpVJQuiLQ-TlhQTD0LLlvwcYwEed4sEL0y2nKbE7diHPw/s16000/18.png?w=640&ssl=1

As soon as use inputs his credentials, responder receives them and displays password in clear text!

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPnyExvjTWoK7UQw-7RvahNy4HbDzSNn9QSlmQRYgQBxb5u0Fv2yviG9Ew3WpM7cqipb4p_STfEIKmMV7LPn8O-ZQzRy2zjGeSg-T-a0NHEPIMgzE4KCUtDetiGb2t4prvoVnNsDWoEclEbxDVHhKhK7PHNxFdW4tCoUPdWc3TeHqeGNGljbohqj1iJw/s16000/19.png?w=640&ssl=1 Responder Downgrade NTLMv2-SSP to NTLMv2NTLM provides ESS functionality (Extended Session Security) which adds to the complexity of the NTLM hash. ESS functionality adds an “SSP” flag in the NTLM hash (NTLM2-SSP). This increases the length of our NTLM hash in turn increasing complexity to crack the hash. We can configure Responder to use simple NTLMv2 (without ESS) which would result in lower time complexity to crack hashes.

–disable-ess flag does that. –lm flag tries to force the NTLM authentication to version 1 instead of 2, which is not possible in later windows and windows server versions. Here, we will use Attack 2 procedure with disable-ess flag.
responder -I eth0 -wdF --lm --disable-ess
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglJ1KdgpOp_SetRFRiiZD0ia-5kjaDV870C8HA0QjOWFlAAsc4Lhf3-LCgchtZTKdjvJVT-pNHJQcL6G5slsM5MyohwZLnDN3SNvoSVSYA7K0eqMoV-_pZ-C29aPCtf4sat6VolBjnVOWdgSEF8uOp1Dje886FvCYIcmb81Z10-vbpRBHdTSYjgkVNJg/s16000/20.png?w=640&ssl=1

This would give the user [...]

___________________________
@hacking_Attack
@Hacking_Video

a pop-up

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIefwDxzcX3Vag5pos72Uc9WkeYKEcU1AaaMOchlBZ_QUEr6jJ-C2K5AU1KKx_1wDyP9D0Y1_JCcGgOGPDkZ9iVcrhu-uj9pH2KaMtifyqw9HlsE-MO-7q8jjCPcmmkgBVnTCyihSX0vyY1RQKoGyaxvxLp9kKujT-aBta_4cK7X3qL8FXrMJnRHvJjA/s16000/21.png?w=640&ssl=1

As soon as Mufasa enters his credentials, we would see that a downgraded version of the NTLMv2 hash has now been obtained

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZYXRMbw3_RhhuyeaEop7C2QWHFgG9FglCMKzMNvZ7wXgVmUhRvyIF_l3rggpvvyfhrPWY8Vf4TqtNY4mtrBbxOvcj5ZgUDb6uh65pT3sLgE3G2SCWlFfebJh4qrRBFjsuihr43Ng58qHjpqFhyXY2m70iKBsPxHGbc92Ry1tcDNTPlbfYNtMwXRYG0A/s16000/22.png?w=640&ssl=1

This can be cracked using hashcat and you’d notice it took 3 seconds time as compared to 7 seconds in Attack 2 (half less than before)!

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHIJWbU_HHivcuyR4a9Ty3Qy51dThLvqpbzbaKWgdWykp6wOdVDP6SAKYddLYJrQuJd59a8UK4qF1pNOpd86sm5mLDaqEnFLxLZKXdhpMhIZGRxT8wdng7rkwLRdUHrl6MtLoNfDZBWeb_jFVTuQw--kquP7THTLV_TaADzSx6ebeCvM9eA7OJPgvNvw/s16000/23.png?w=640&ssl=1 Responder external IP poisoningResponder can be used to send LLMNR poisoned requests to the victim that contains another IP than the one we are currently using. It creates stealth and allows us to conduct more sophisticated attacks. This can be done using “-e” option
responder -I eth0 -e 192.168.1.2
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxl09uRWgufZvXGFjV4F1MEhiIRMZstEW9MlUYP6Wd1qQGmrXgqcHnzvXUwIAOeSS5FcfdEbb15XhI5JM4DKPuy9Azjb-HgZpNHKPcgR8I73jutGNDWxCcRicW3O1yMy3mfh0_d7MMdUGMfzVWkudltvqounStnk9_ocCU8riWEpQJZQkljFhSrgLWKw/s16000/24.png?w=640&ssl=1 Responder multi-relay: shell on a systemRelaying is one of the most commonly used techniques used for credential access. A relay or forwarder receives valid authentication and then forwards that request to another server/system and tries to authenticate to that server/system by using the valid credentials so received. In Attack 1, we used an invalid SMB share to get hashes of the requesting system.

What if the requestor was Admin?

Sure, we can get his credentials and wait till hashcat cracks it or be smarter and use relay to forward this authentication on our desired host and gain shell on it directly!

To do that, lgandx has included a script called “MultiRelay.py” in /usr/share/Responder/tools folder. We need to install a few dependencies and build the supporting binaries that would run on the victim system and grant us a reverse shell.
apt-get install gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc ./MultiRelay/bin/Runas.c -o ./MultiRelay/bin/Runas.exe -municode -lwtsapi32 -luserenv                                                                                                         
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc ./MultiRelay/bin/Syssvc.c -o ./MultiRelay/bin/Syssvc.exe -municode
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
python get-pip.py
pip install pycryptodome
Once its done, we can run MultiRelay.py without any errors or warnings.
cd /usr/share/responder/tools
python3 MultiRelay.py
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiclVu9C20yW4shf3dcR6kX2OeHEPwrJKYA2MlLFh8Keuo809U7gvLRHx9gPUbh-kTOPsd0fTZKEQvYgEiSEFZI9UKX1ACjrAL3P-ayg2l1kOgzgH4E_m6skzGh7oKra4i8ITjcZvfk6S5iUe8yRu0iP0jniDfWYEeuaiFV3DzhyK4s15jmKe5X5MD5vg/s16000/25.png?w=640&ssl=1

Now, first criteria for this attack to work with SMB is that SMB signing has to be disabled. It is disabled by default so that checks our ease to exploit. It can be tested using the nmap script smb-security-mode
nmap -p445 --script=smb-security-mode 192.168.1.3
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlrXdd01W44BylxgFDszgZzY7s_AadUOWiwWxzZpLDuw8GSrYXTI7J0FfX5RYyD6VGp_ip4IOdL0HKoZCtncpxgI0MeNxAuitzoVzrYe_9zJ7u1-3GQd3CedMw-gLpADeKorZ2smWWJ9dI9HFRq0bZavAY4ap1aiI76hbhk4F4JNWBPDexBHh0Nh206w/s16000/26.png?w=640&ssl=1

As you can see, SMB signing is disab[...]

___________________________
@hacking_Attack
@Hacking_Video

led so the coast is cleared. We can run MultiRelay now. To run it we need to specify the target using “-t” and “-u” specifies users to which relay is to be forwarded. You can choose selectively too and create lesser noise in network.
python3 MultiRelay.py -t 192.168.1.3 -u ALL
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZS7_orMHDvH0Ct64Qldv-js4GPXBBopDv0E5JyT4fgy0ojvQ9rBx1dyPHl1N7m80iPjpJLnpcQdOu4UKg3GaFQ6I2BMDoQU4wNHtKFNFkiHHogt8HY_IIa7gisJm1zhkovgcRikDc2utV4w0rL4OaiMADFowNPrYyuj0IOx0TRTuyPg0NfUVnt4v3pg/s16000/27.png?w=640&ssl=1

As you can see above, the script has detected my victim’s OS, computer account name (workstation01) and SMB signing status too. One other thing to note here is that this script is using HTTP and SMB ports. So, to prevent any conflict, we need to turn these servers OFF in responder.conf file. We just open the file in /usr/share/responder/Responder.conf and turn off HTTP and SMB. If done properly, when we launch responder next time, an OFF switch like this shall be there.

Now, as per Attack 1’s methodology, we run responder
responder -I eth0
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ94WfyBjVthLSbN5RPjcE9ey4fOg7AgbUfyHkTs-vZXUGEexUGpLex01jw-kMuF69RUZJ4of-COrrzpNc8RApKEr-G4Q5ZITwLAljee8TfAQV8Xy-MHSNrdMwYTNPbxo-WBXXVFoTqhaRINvTBHJLt4wSbtXcsFreljTJM-5XTJq0UzFOMguVr54FLg/s16000/28.png?w=640&ssl=1

Now, an administrator tries to open a shared drive. He is unsuccessful as the share wowowow doesn’t exist! So, responder intervenes and poisons requests successfully.

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMrGlExC9rQTSvLwabDnDRRzVY6cw0yWhoo1VHh520n75ymi5OBwTNvDw_L2wYEXphQTHASufInSVGMg43RW-_flsxP0kjhevjHFLocPRUoi0srZfVAxDZZSGODsm_W9qd_oi9TuQGPCDsxn9Hv9bzUMlpDqAVewoUF-qQ7FfTXzKc22NgWa_l9T3wSQ/s16000/30.png?w=640&ssl=1

Now, in Attack 1, we had SMB server running in responder, so the victim authenticated to us and we were able to see creds. Here, SMB relaying is setup in MultiRelay.py, so that credential is now forwarded to our victim “192.168.1.3” and we gain a shell successfully on it! We received an NT AUTHORITY privilege too. This is possible because Admin had required rights on the C$ and the binary we compiled earlier was upload, ran and gave us a great shell. It could be done to gain access to a lower priv account too.

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6oqfv1PAvzvSEcz3VlBnc1is2iWc1MnpN5oHwIO1dlBtXwQ-PyZcAWzkNsZQopJhnszKkngRn7p9Seop1y8p-8hf9zVSDsxBuQjIfO4uZCL5UZdS-E-Sy2ZmEFyqR_GK6LkqdglWkIJJgZq6WHHDq7aYPfiMMMaw7kZ0QBk20SCT54zhc4VJWgageww/s16000/31.png?w=640&ssl=1 Responder DNS injection in DHCP responseIn the event where DHCP is being used to identify the IP which is hosting, let’s say, an SMB drive called “wow” (refer attack 1), responder can also inject a rogue DNS record in DHCP responses.

Responder has a rogue DNS server set up. Basically, any victim trying to access a false shared drive tries to resolve the name by finding the correct DNS server. DHCP tries to resolve the IP by locating correct DNS server. It sends out a request. Responder replies to the DHCP request and injects its own DNS server IP in the DHCP response successfully poisoning the DHCP response. Victim receives this, sees our DNS server IP and tries to access the share “wow” by connecting to us. Victim now authenticates to our rogue DNS server rather than discarding the query.

The DHCP-DNS injection can be set up using “-D” option:
responder -I eth0 -D
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGAi6-2EZiRxVZD0edpvgVSGMFzKjrn8fkYNTBTf7XNcEL4-PyiUAMCnhl3tpO6AK4X5MdEn_Kg0ZkDXH1XKlOSai0O4KWdFUCfCmwf5-yQd3lDH9PeeYPrrmP6C64hWtSObcaAYBJgTYfKtyTOeGHxIPigaxXKbYKGD3C-MusyOYUMU1Ty1ukQhtMmg/s16000/32.png?w=640&ssl=1

When the victim accesses any invalid share, a prompt is now visible.

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-QRSQZRMgH4EQjLj8iNp5nE1K65eCbVLMZAWcbZXJ1eQToafQxy5KOVr[...]

___________________________
@hacking_Attack
@Hacking_Video

Z_pd_Je4SOs3R-IfSR-vGgitlG5F2kUTNtI4vytnULvpEYBT72VcX4qNxDXwgZbKRVCJLzDM93juyn-h2ROzmWC1CNYgGfjXyu1xYK98mCA0Jk80me6XN8Ray3KJLSqV0eA/s16000/33.png?w=640&ssl=1

NTLM hashes have now been successfully retried by injecting our rogue DNS server IP!

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3xw7MXhlS5Z-M8sQOEMmfWbW2vXcs9B34Pf5117cldu1Bip4-zC83sU5lOP4Pxqu8ri1SKQSHQhvrUCcACg3vP7LG7_XkNVOihzZNU8uwCHCwKyOmYdv46pageoUKD4qzhdLUYixux7mW8b3e1i_KwLxYSl4u0n4dX617fRi5epS4URio_fmC01Xqkw/s16000/34.png?w=640&ssl=1 What are these servers in responder?Responder supports multiple servers as shown below in the screenshot. These are rogue servers that may facilitate one or more attacks.

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY_PjzTPMfohz3HOZrWECnYG-OlJqy_WnRCcoJUbwBWJT1HG7-ncCMRx20T3OU1Rx2g9O9q2AB6OhmowStCObl4u7V-F-U6cwjWVA9FBb9s5oCD0nyRGuZk_ghUjeXHaC98H-dQFcmGPn1RFL-22Kq2m43yZlvwCospGGn3sjks3QI0_H8xkBNz2xlFg/s16000/35.png?w=640&ssl=1

Upon an nmap scan, we see that the servers are operable

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiguHEOuJnl6XOUTBeWSt2Xsa9qdhDEh4kEEDzRH9Eg1duhQ0Lil2YEA1sRKIGd5ZsB8DIk4MZFElX6ObvgQM5mh4L_dwHbSP5FzqCXu2o2MBV_ladn4MQ0-j62jzYUOEPCEzHEtgGLIO57F65b-BxXOd67ORZc71RXR4b5n3twJfCtpEZKeaf2yyKZFw/s16000/36.png?w=640&ssl=1

For example, in the demo above, a DNS server IP was needed, so responder created a rogue DNS server and added its own IP in order to facilitate DHCP-DNS poisoning. Similarly, SMB server captures auth credentials directly of a victim when a share on our Kali machine is being accessed. Like:

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrgbLuU0bou4CMn2lgobA8vdnMAK9vU3PUOYV918OToMGiZebQ966PtniACFQ4uzAxhD9FQ4SpjgLalrGisMkMa7QiEJt8vCuH9MRFcPQ-8Q8FZuSUzAff1WzzIEBxB25kLkUwyXsB86aVMs1A4I2iyZp4I32hWVVsw8Ud0yHGv6N8Gr3_RVaSiaxz0w/s16000/37.png?w=640&ssl=1

Responder successfully captures the NTLM hashes

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7jtGkMq1FmySw4rh-Js1jambvGCe2z0mGnPt9PpTYDL8EqMc6o4qA8Rigc7XBlce2zyfMN8RBLrkTzzzffVElbvOxk6nTeMpxxlbJjVjRDMFg-_MUL_W8u3g1ZDxkGdDTcm63bV9hr7M8B-QE_jBxHCw2zd8whxifyekhv860C8cvGMbQ82uKUfXRWw/s16000/38.png?w=640&ssl=1

An FTP server is also given here. Let’s try and access it via victim’s browser

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3DcxZkIASNlg-89jeotdSe4A8ki2ZN5jx0C-OIqe50lSaAN-rMUtJr60vRnkLHOH_wJeZhTlxWdZDY3tiX9iX6iJOoPsS7SKee9pcGOIBsl2gpCezG-Ii3YaLR_7UZ55tI7DWAfm2yie1GsfLGxRTebOesLXF38TT8LjJZWZbxe16ridGpJajF9kaNw/s16000/39.png?w=640&ssl=1

As you can see, anonymous credentials are obtained. Please note that while accessing it with browser valid username and password can be given as well which will be obtained in clear text

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfsXQwN6GIRnGZ-LXS9VxRrOSf5lQkiKU4TWYsnvq1DZ4bIlLCboK5eaePGQzUI7OGk5zmbATJ95lUDthRDmFbbQDBhqRrehaTeVuzR8ZOPWdpklaQpgT1N1DW_XQuYq_R2DiDHbxZ1ztaHqYCCH9Okb03BiQs0YqVnR14XSalLsiw81TIO1ORf9hX8g/s16000/40.png?w=640&ssl=1

An RDP server is there as well. Lets access it using victim’s machine

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJaXg9Vgv6HpLbSTzaaJcblhBpHclQe-3E8P8monGTJJew4aHcxyQdcYD5X6TbZfVHWM58YQ_10HdMhgenXLXlkUnPIo_m8dQKMF-QlvmO_SlT9GQVYPG26T-VmShmEPK_XaXfvgACMvT5kMCMfWsuAlfSRcMGDaQJiwNv4RkARlP7jeGLpLat4VteLQ/s16000/41.png?w=640&ssl=1

Upon entering the credentials, we receive the NTLMv2 hashes associated successfully

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcWxrK-g5nK_IS-JKsfAt0r96kFAo2Lq5kiQo7FMqvDhBfgTnv3cED_BrjfXgK8I7fDPtj0sfmeU1fzmIxirJRwgm_UUvYk4lBCndlvbjp3zALJ_4iabB44TbUgjIDE95EcDhtTY5waXs-o2iU8kK7vLCp7wiM8s3UI5cn6XST2nmOvqAiIshzJ3ITzg/s16000/42.png?w=640&ssl=1

And a WinRM server is also given. It is a protocol use for powershell remoting. So, if a victim connects to this rogue WinRM server like this:
New-PSSession -ComputerName 192.168.1.4 -Credential[...]

___________________________
@hacking_Attack
@Hacking_Video

(get-credential)
https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFF7ugiFHTrNun9WPmYKGrA78NF7_MYuRGAcm6VNWE29XL2icnFNEIc9queAx9yKC8E_ubbSzEKRgJyXp3OaeYKiHQGz6iwNvTW4oMxW_yaIMWahUHE8mfOG32OOHIuGg5f6bsuxvdWLrO0GjVni-abFMwcWCEbvle_iyDJuMpYdVxa9C8GIlRhJd5A/s16000/43.png?w=640&ssl=1

A hash is therefore obtained!

https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCMbZ3dtvQlgIYIDgZXdUmglyMJPS1x9VPEr-_UY9V0jJHkpo5hXVj_XB_HEQByrT1fMlFuwnJ26GWOVCEizhoWJrQVsPeO42yuU4ztLKCj4M8Tpy4IO-kP-Ee_KhUVC8m1dYqV9k1isAn5t46amZoUO-0DmVXSP7tCpr5B8prutfSzMi70jVRTlJtjg/s16000/44.png?w=640&ssl=1

WHATS THE POINT? Often in pentest scenarios, to conduct lateral movement, we need to compromise credentials. Sending in malicious attachments with links to our rogue servers may fool a user into authenticating and hence, give us his credentials. Alternately, we can us relaying (Impacket’s toolkit) to conduct various other attacks. For example, in this article, we have conducted LDAP relaying using impacket’s ntlmrelay script and poisoning using responder in order to take over workstations. RecommendationsTo prevent attacks demonstrated above, following are recommended:

* Turn off LLMNR and NBT-NS in computer policy->computer configuration->admin templates->network
* If an organization can’t turn it off, they must put network access control
* Use strong user passwords.
* To mitigate against the WPAD attack, you can add an entry for “wpad” in your DNS zone so that no LLMNR is sent.
* Use SMB signing to prevent SMB relay attacks ConclusionThe article covered various useful attacks which can be performed with the help of Responder. The tool is coded in Python and hence, is platform-independent. Red teamers heavily use this tool to conduct lateral movement. The aim of the article is to serve as a ready reference when it comes to using responder in pentest scenarios. Hope you liked the article. Thanks for reading.

Author: Harshit Rajpal is an InfoSec researcher and left and right brain thinker. Contact here

The post A Detailed Guide on Responder (LLMNR Poisoning) appeared first on Hacking Articles.

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Subdomain Takeover and How the things evolved with Domain Verification

It is possible that a successful execution of Subdomain Takeover will be critical in exploitation since an attacker will be able to carry…Continue reading on CodeX »
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Subdomain Takeover and How the things evolved with Domain Verification
https://medium.com/codex/subdomain-takeover-and-how-the-things-evolved-with-domain-verification-98aa5f49253f?source=rss------bug_bounty-5

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