Kali Linux Tutorials
Token Universe : An Advanced Tool For Working With Access Tokens And Windows Security Policy

Token Universe is an advanced tool that provides a wide range of possibilities to research Windows security mechanisms. It has a convenient interface for creating, viewing, and modifying access tokens, managing Local Security Authority and Security Account Manager’s databases. It allows you to obtain and impersonate different security contexts, manage privileges, auditing settings, and so on.

My goal is to create a useful tool that implements almost everything I know about access tokens and Windows security model in general. And, also, to learn even more in the process. I believe that such a program can become a valuable instrument for researchers and those who want to learn more about the security subsystem. You are welcome to suggest any ideas and report bugs.

Feature list Token-related functionality Obtaining tokens

* Open process/thread token
* Open effective thread token (via direct impersonation)
* Query session token
* Log in user using explicit credentials
* Log in user without credentials (S4U logon)
* Duplicate tokens
* Duplicate handles
* Open linked token
* Filter tokens
* Create LowBox tokens
* Created restricted tokens using Safer API
* Search for opened handles
* Create anonymous token
* Impersonate logon session token via pipes
* Open clipboard token Highly privileged operations

* Add custom group membership while logging in users (requires Tcb Privilege)
* Create custom token from scratch (requires Create Token Privilege) Viewing

* User
* Statistics, source, flags
* Extended flags (TOKEN_*)
* Restricting SIDs
* App container SID and number
* Capabilities
* Claims
* Trust level
* Logon session type (filtered/elevated/default)
* Logon session information
* Verbose terminal session information
* Object and handle information (access, attributes, references)
* Object creator (PID)
* List of processes that have handles to this object
* Creation and last modification times Viewing & editing

* Groups (enable/disable)
* Privileges (enable/disable/remove)
* Session
* Integrity level (lower/raise)
* UIAccess, mandatory policy
* Virtualization (enable/disable & allow/disallow)
* Owner and primary group
* Originating logon session
* Default DACL
* Security descriptor
* Audit overrides
* Handle flags (inherit, protect) Using

* Impersonation
* Safe impersonation
* Direct impersonation
* Assign primary token
* Send handle to process
* Create process with token
* Share with another instance of TokenUniverse Other actions

* Compare tokens
* Linking logon sessions to create UAC-friendly tokens
* Logon session relation map AppContainer profiles

* Viewing AppContainer information
* Listing AppContainer profiles per user
* Listing child AppContainers
* Creating/deleting AppContainers Local Security Authority

* Global audit settings
* Per-user audit settings
* Privilege assignment
* Logon rights assignment
* Quotas
* Security
* Enumerate accounts with privilege
* Enumerate accounts with right Security Account Manager

* Domain information
* Group information
* Alias information
* User information
* Enumerate domain groups/aliases/users
* Enumerate group members
* Enumerate alias members
* Manage group members
* Manage alias members
* Create groups
* Create aliases
* Create users
* Sam object tree
* Security Process creation Methods

* CreateProcessAsUser
* CreateProcessWithToken
* WMI
* RtlCreateUserProcess
* RtlCreateUserProcessEx
* NtCreateUserProcess
* NtCreateProcessEx
* CreateProcessWithLogon (credentials)
* ShellExecuteEx (no token)
* ShellExecute via IShellDispatch2 (no token)
* CreateProcess via code injection (no token)
* WdcRunTaskAsInteractiveUser (no token) Parameters

* Current directory
* Desktop
* Window sho[...]

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w mode
* Flags (inherit handles, create suspended, breakaway from job, …)
* Environmental variables
* Parent process override
* Mitigation policies
* Child process policy
* Job assignment
* Run as invoker compatibility
* AppContainer SID
* Capabilities Interface features

* Immediate crash notification
* Window station and desktop access checks
* Debug messages reports Process list

* Hierarchy
* Icons
* Listing processes from Low integrity & AppContainer
* Basic actions (resume/suspend, …)
* Customizable columns
* Highlighting
* Security
* Handle table manipulation Interface features

* Restart as SYSTEM
* Restart as SYSTEM+ (with Create Token Privilege)
* Customizable columns
* Graphical hash icons
* Auto-detect inherited handles
* Our own security editor with arbitrary SIDs and mandatory label modification
* Customizable list of suggested SIDs
* Detailed error status information
* Detailed suggestions on errors Download

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hacking: security in practice
Russia arrests 14 alleged members of REvil ransomware gang, including hacker U.S. says conducted Colonial Pipeline attack

https://external-preview.redd.it/iCNOPUW1Q7QzKEcXbHrheFUw6WRjV46hklVO-vEU2-0.jpg?width=640&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=b9d07d209e1d498c785ccb30ed6fbbbef20947fe submitted by /u/cowpiejoy
[link] [comments]

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Express TestNet Bug Bounty Program

The Express Protocol Testnet is LIVE! With this launch, we have got one step closer to achieving our grand vision of building a…Continue reading on Pandora Finance »
Read more...

Hacking on Medium
How To Download KRNL in 2022 || Download The Best Cheat For Roblox

Hello, i’m $ixRaze and i wanna show my video. The title makes it clear what it is video.

Continue reading on Medium »

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Hacking on Medium
Samsung suffers security breach, hackers release 190GB of data: report

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/620/0*bgagM9wx1Hs6wjMB
Samsung Electronics appears to have had a severe security vulnerability. The hackers responsible for this incident claim to have exposed…

Continue reading on Medium »

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Hacking on Medium
HackOwasp 4.0- A wonderful opportunity! Register quick!!

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/600/1*iycrk-7TJWKMBnUU1OJoqQ.jpeg
Hey there reader and it would be a great if you are a coder too ( or aspiring to be one). As a current Campus Ambassador for HackOwasp4.0…

Continue reading on Medium »

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Hacking on Medium
ReDoS — Denial of Service by RegEx

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1516/1*hJd2AbuVfucAp-gd6k5NSA.png
Regular expressions (RegEx) are a formal language to define simple patterns. It is commonly used to find interesting parts within a larger…

Continue reading on InfoSec Write-ups »

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KitPloit - PenTest Tools!
PwnKit-Exploit - Proof Of Concept (PoC) CVE-2021-4034

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhqNMnJx-NhcmnKUWBmyvQw9M1B_gCgM9UigjRhwqQBqyfluJaic1E0HT09Ccvngjr_ZBqZfMDRz20gR3QJnYvqmoZmuws7U7fWT5o3_ixiRZns-f95og1FP57F0SlY7HDOMaCkHIZk8wVh-YGFQ2YOAWgjck6xrU4F4GrOXe4BRu349gHNanQkaWW1=w273-h400 https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2ywNzLgoT_wP9Dkc2AwHxBzcnWzbPVaejvjZCfApZJn7dRkwx3e1V67bGwd7PSxOOHg4eswo2qguiSU2NY1Ecbc-zeTv_lfKh8Eds20RoMNr_BNe3bXWwCJ_-zv0QLSy1P3Mkmg7TJZ33s9DEvFPEyVQsaHc4VhGfRw4tSfCqg3BvMxBsCSbyCfA2=w400-h200 Proof Of Concept (PoC) CVE-2021-4034
@c0br40x help to make this section in README!! Proof of Concepthttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgNX-HnmAk-61Qs5ZEX_MNxpsjz_fLKqQypNLjr_47YNbNpAcMWXudZohMJlaa4Kxxuz_Baeh7qGLg_AALEP6Xcc3vibaMj9JkCr6ga0qYU0agEXM5WiMqxBklZ3DVEJb7-DR-3NgW9M--UQ5sCYQKQfxgX-Bkkt1nyV3litenJfjDq9SM2VuTfev0T=w640-h522 debian@debian:~/PwnKit-Exploit$ make
cc -Wall exploit.c -o exploit
debian@debian:~/PwnKit-Exploit$ whoami
debian
debian@debian:~/PwnKit-Exploit$ ./exploit
Current User before execute exploit
hacker@victim$whoami: debian
Exploit written by @luijait (0x6c75696a616974)
[+] Enjoy your root if exploit was completed succesfully
root@debian:/home/debian/PwnKit-Exploit# whoami
root
root@debian:/home/debian/PwnKit-Exploit# FixCommand Use sudo chmod 0755 pkexecFix CVE 2021-4034 Installation & Usegit clone https://github.com/luijait/PwnKit-Exploitcd PwnKit-Exploitmake./exploitwhoamiCommand Utility make cleanClean build to test code modified ExplanationBased blog.qualys.com

The beginning of pkexec’s main() function processes the command-line arguments (lines 534-568), and searches for the program to be executed, if its path is not absolute, in the directories of the PATH environment variable (lines 610-640): 435 main (int argc, char *argv[])
436 {
...
534 for (n = 1; n < (guint) argc; n++)
535 {
...
568 }
...
610 path = g_strdup (argv[n]);
...
629 if (path[0] != '/')
630 {
...
632 s = g_find_program_in_path (path);
...
639 argv[n] = path = s;
640 }unfortunately, if the number of command-line arguments argc is 0 – which means if the argument list argv that we pass to execve() is empty, i.e. {NULL} – then argv[0] is NULL. This is the argument list’s terminator. Therefore:

at line 534, the integer n is permanently set to 1; at line 610, the pointer path is read out-of-bounds from argv[1]; at line 639, the pointer s is written out-of-bounds to argv[1]. But what exactly is read from and written to this out-of-bounds argv[1]?

To answer this question, we must digress briefly. When we execve() a new program, the kernel copies our argument, environment strings, and pointers (argv and envp) to the end of the new program’s stack; for example: |---------+---------+-----+------------|---------+---------+-----+------------|
| argv[0] | argv[1] | ... | argv[argc] | envp[0] | envp[1] | ... | envp[envc] |
|----|----+----|----+-----+-----|------|----|----+----|----+-----+-----|------|
V V V V V V

"program" "-option" NULL "value" "PATH=name" NULL Clearly, because the argv and envp pointers are contiguous in memory, if argc is 0, then the out-of-bounds argv[1] is actually envp[0], the pointer to our first environment variable, “value”. Consequently:

At line 610, the path of the program to be executed is read out-of-bounds from argv[1] (i.e. envp[0]), and points to “value”; At line 632, this path “value” is passed to g_find_program_in_path() (because “value” does not start with a slash, at line 629); Then, g_find_pr[...]

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ogram_in_path() searches for an executable file named “value” in the directories of our PATH environment variable; If such an executable file is found, its full path is returned to pkexec’s main() function (at line 632); Finally, at line 639, this full path is written out-of-bounds to argv[1] (i.e. envp[0]), thus overwriting our first environment variable. So, stated more precisely:

If our PATH environment variable is “PATH=name”, and if the directory “name” exists (in the current working directory) and contains an executable file named “value”, then a pointer to the string “name/value” is written out-of-bounds to envp[0]; OR

If our PATH is “PATH=name=.”, and if the directory “name=.” exists and contains an executable file named “value”, then a pointer to the string “name=./value” is written out-of-bounds to envp[0]. In other words, this out-of-bounds write allows us to re-introduce an “unsecure” environment variable (for example, LD_PRELOAD) into pkexec’s environment. These “unsecure” variables are normally removed (by ld.so) from the environment of SUID programs before the main() function is called. We will exploit this powerful primitive in the following section.

Last-minute note: polkit also supports non-Linux operating systems such as Solaris and *BSD, but we have not investigated their exploitability. However, we note that OpenBSD is not exploitable, because its kernel refuses to execve() a program if argc is 0. Download PwnKit-Exploit

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Website to generate tagged files to notify when opened after placed in network?
https://www.reddit.com/r/Pentesting/comments/t8q2vg/website_to_generate_tagged_files_to_notify_when/

Hey guys, A while ago a colleague of mine mentioned a website where you can generate files like Excels, Word documents, PDFs and more. Nothing malicious at all, but these files or exsiting files will get a tag and that tag sends a notification towards the creator to see who opens that file, or when it is opened. I can't find this website anymore and was hoping someone here knows what I'm talking about and can help me towards teh name? :) submitted by /u/ThirstyThursten (https://www.reddit.com/user/ThirstyThursten)
[link] (https://www.reddit.com/r/Pentesting/comments/t8q2vg/website_to_generate_tagged_files_to_notify_when/) [comments] (https://www.reddit.com/r/Pentesting/comments/t8q2vg/website_to_generate_tagged_files_to_notify_when/)

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TS Wallet Beta-Testing Launched
https://medium.com/@contact.tokenspace/ts-wallet-beta-testing-launched-de0088647927?source=rss------bug_bounty-5

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Woo, the time is finally here! After continuously developing and testing, the long-awaited TokenSpace (public beta version V1.0.2) is…Continue reading on Medium » (https://medium.com/@contact.tokenspace/ts-wallet-beta-testing-launched-de0088647927?source=rss------bug_bounty-5)

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Express TestNet Bug Bounty Program
https://medium.com/pandoraprotocol/express-testnet-bug-bounty-program-d09c27931054?source=rss------bug_bounty-5

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The Express Protocol Testnet is LIVE! With this launch, we have got one step closer to achieving our grand vision of building a…Continue reading on Pandora Finance » (https://medium.com/pandoraprotocol/express-testnet-bug-bounty-program-d09c27931054?source=rss------bug_bounty-5)

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Dark Reading: Attacks/Breaches
After a Busy December, Attacks on Log4j Vulnerability Dropped

While attackers and researchers shift their attention to the next new vulnerability, security teams make sure they finish patching vulnerable Log4j versions in their applications and services.

Dark Reading: Attacks/Breaches
Why the World Needs a Global Collective Cyber Defense

This sort of approach would enable cross-company and cross-sector threat information sharing, an effort that would allow companies to easily turn data into actionable insights.