Hacking on Medium
How to enter a site without a browser?

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/600/1*9yFiHG0L5nSc1ad42US3gA.jpeg
In case your browser is glitchy or inaccessible, you can use another way to visit the site. You can do this by Windows Help 👇.

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Hacking on Medium
Security Interview with Michael DeBolt, VP of Intelligence, Intel 471

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2256/1*TSqpSdHi1tkeiGa5SlA0TQ.jpeg
Do you know who Michael DeBolt, VP of Intelligence, Intel 471 is? Go through this security interview courtesy of Dancho Danchev.

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hacking: security in practice
NSA-linked Bvp47 Linux backdoor widely undetected for 10 years

https://external-preview.redd.it/Ui29qAFMlMynoGTDaeMmra1nYHXKQWuO-nTAB5k1hgI.jpg?width=640&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=6b98433f76d490faf01b0bddf40ff58c72a3b513 submitted by /u/DrinkMoreCodeMore
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hacking: security in practice
How will Russia attack?

Can you predict what Russia will do or is doing? They said they are going to attack “sensitive” assets, and I’m guessing cyber is part or most of their plan, but no idea what area or how. Thoughts?

PS: Maybe like this, four years ago only and against Ukraine

submitted by /u/sukarsono
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hacking: security in practice
Ukrainian government and banks once again hit by DDoS attacks

https://external-preview.redd.it/xLS9UwxoB8ezoy5vHeSiZUa9wFuVdQ52Trta8T7hSos.jpg?width=640&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=96e9a7b13b49c74afca224f90cd96827af86de8f submitted by /u/DrinkMoreCodeMore
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hacking: security in practice
Could the cyber world defend Ukraine?

Trying to find a sub that can answer this.. seems reasonable from someone that knows nothing about the cyber world, so… is it reasonable? Could hackers come together an protect Ukraine from Russian cyber attacks?

submitted by /u/Johnny1America
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Deep Web
The Top Platforms ISIS is Using in the Deep and Dark Web - Webz

https://external-preview.redd.it/dK_cIGqRQow0-f9jkxkvCYxBTN_dSVFa7OiBMf4JS8M.jpg?width=640&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=d8fe854b9b70397207b09b826dea34af7776e146 submitted by /u/rangeva
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Hacking on Medium
GOBUSTER Nedir? Nasıl Kullanılır?

Bir dizin keşfi yapan brute-force (kaba kuvvet) saldırı programıdır. Kali içerisinde bulunan ‘dirb’ aracı ile neredeyse aynı işlevi…

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$$$ Bank Verification Bypass(Broken Object Level Authorisation)

Hey Readers 👋, Hope you are doing great,Continue reading on InfoSec Write-ups »
Read more...

$$$ Bank Verification Bypass(Broken Object Level Authorisation)

Hey Readers 👋, Hope you are doing great,Continue reading on InfoSec Write-ups »
Read more...

$$$ Bank Verification Bypass(Broken Object Level Authorisation)
https://infosecwriteups.com/bank-verification-bypass-broken-object-level-authorisation-9136bdd43f0f?source=rss------bug_bounty-5

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Hey Readers 👋, Hope you are doing great,Continue reading on InfoSec Write-ups » (https://infosecwriteups.com/bank-verification-bypass-broken-object-level-authorisation-9136bdd43f0f?source=rss------bug_bounty-5)

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Black Hat Ethical Hacking
Samsung Shattered Encryption on 100M Phones

https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Untitled-design-2-1.png Samsung Shattered Encryption on 100M PhonesPost Views: 185
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Samsung shipped an estimated 100 million smartphones with botched encryption, including models ranging from the 2017 Galaxy S8 on up to last year’s Galaxy S21.
One cryptography expert said that ‘serious flaws’ in the way Samsung phones encrypt sensitive material, as revealed by academics, are ’embarrassingly bad.’

Researchers at Tel Aviv University found what they called “severe” cryptographic design flaws that could have let attackers siphon the devices’ hardware-based cryptographic keys: keys that unlock the treasure trove of security-critical data that’s found in smartphones.

What’s more, cyber attackers could even exploit Samsung’s cryptographic missteps – since addressed in multiple CVEs – to downgrade a device’s security protocols. That would set up a phone to be vulnerable to future attacks: a practice known as IV (initialization vector) reuse attacks. IV reuse attacks screw with the encryption randomization that ensures that even if multiple messages with identical plaintext are encrypted, the generated corresponding ciphertexts will each be distinct.
See Also: Complete Offensive Security and Ethical Hacking Course Untrustworthy Implementation of TrustZoneIn a paper (PDF) entitled “Trust Dies in Darkness: Shedding Light on Samsung’s TrustZone Keymaster Design” – written by by Alon Shakevsky, Eyal Ronen and Avishai Wool – the academics explain that nowadays, smartphones control data that includes sensitive messages, images and files; cryptographic key management; FIDO2 web authentication; digital rights management (DRM) data; data for mobile payment services such as Samsung Pay; and enterprise identity management.

The authors are due to give a detailed presentation of the vulnerabilities at the upcoming USENIX Security, 2022 symposium in August.

The design flaws primarily affect devices that use ARM’s TrustZone technology: the hardware support provided by ARM-based Android smartphones (which are the majority) for a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) to implement security-sensitive functions.

TrustZone splits a phone into two portions, known as the Normal world (for running regular tasks, such as the Android OS) and the Secure world, which handles the security subsystem and where all sensitive resources reside. The Secure world is only accessible to trusted applications used for security-sensitive functions, including encryption.

Matthew Green, associate professor of computer science at the Johns Hopkins Information Security Institute, explained on Twitter that Samsung incorporated “serious flaws” in the way its phones encrypt key material in TrustZone, calling it “embarrassingly bad.”

“They used a single key and allowed IV re-use,” Green said.

“So they could have derived a different key-wrapping key for each key they protect,” he continued. “But instead Samsung basically doesn’t. Then they allow the app-layer code to pick encryption IVs.” The design decision allows for “trivial decryption,” he said.
Ugh god. Serious flaws in the way Samsung phones encrypt key material in TrustZone and it’s embarrassingly bad. They used a single key and allowed IV re-use. https://t.co/XteB3kc8cH pic.twitter.com/4wxA6XBuN2

— Matthew Green (@matthew_d_green) February 22, 2022
See Also: Kali Linux 2022.1 Release with Visual Updates, New Tools, Legacy SSH Flaws Enable Security Standards BypassThe security flaws not only allow cybercriminals to steal crypto[...]

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graphic keys stored on the device: They also let attackers bypass security standards such as FIDO2.

According to The Register, as of the researchers’ disclosure of the flaws to Samsung in May 2021, nearly 100 million Samsung Galaxy phones were jeopardized. Threatpost has reached out to Samsung to verify that estimate.

Samsung responded to the academics’ disclosure by issuing a patch for affected devices that addressed CVE-2021-25444: an IV reuse vulnerability in the Keymaster Trusted Application (TA) that runs in the TrustZone. Keymaster TA carries out cryptographic operations in the Secure world via hardware, including a cryptographic engine. The Keymaster TA uses blobs, which are keys “wrapped” (encrypted) via AES-GCM. The vulnerability allowed for decryption of custom key blobs.

Then, in July 2021, the researchers revealed a downgrade attack – one that lets attacker trigger IV reuse vulnerability with privileged process. Samsung issued another patch – to address CVE-2021-25490 – that remoged the legacy blob implementation from devices including Samsung’s Galaxy S10, S20 and S21 phones. The Problem with Designing in the DarkIt’s not just a problem with how Samsung implemented encryption, the researchers said. These problems arise from vendors – they called out Samsung and Qualcomm – keeping their cryptography designs close to the vest, the Tel Aviv U. team asserted.

“Vendors including Samsung and Qualcomm maintain secrecy around their implementation and design of TZOSs and TAs,” they wrote in their paper’s conclusion.

“As we have shown, there are dangerous pitfalls when dealing with cryptographic systems. The design and implementation details should be well audited and reviewed by independent researchers and should not rely on the difficulty of reverse engineering proprietary systems.” See Also: Offensive Security Tool: Swaks – Swiss Army Knife for SMTP ‘No Security in Obscurity’Mike Parkin, senior technical engineer at enterprise cyber risk remediation SaaS provider Vulcan Cyber, told Threatpost on Wednesday that getting cryptography right isn’t exactly child’s play. It’s ” a non-trivial challenge,” he said via email. “It is by nature complex and the number of people who can do proper analysis, true experts in the field, is limited.

Parkin understands the reasons cryptologists push for open standards and transparency on how algorithms are designed and implemented, he said: “A properly designed and implemented encryption scheme relies on the keys and remains secure even if an attacker knows the math and how it was coded, as long as they don’t have the key.”

The adage “there is no security in obscurity” applies here, he said, noting that the researchers were able to reverse engineer Samsung’s implementation and identify the flaws. “If university researchers could do this, it is certain that well-funded State, State sponsored, and large criminal organizations can do it too,” Parkin said.

John Bambenek, principal threat hunter at the digital IT and security operations company Netenrich, joins Parkin on the “open it up” side. “Proprietary and closed encryption design has always been a case study in failure,” he noted via email on Wednesday, referring to the “wide range of human rights abuses enabled by cell phone compromises,” such as those perpetrated with the notorious Pegasus spyware.

“Manufacturers should be more transparent and allow for independent review,” Bambenek said.

While most users have little to worry about with these (since-patched) flaws, they “could be weaponized against individuals who are subject to state-level persecution, and it could perhaps be utilized by stalkerware,” he added.

Eugene Kolodenker, staff security intelligence engineer at endpoint-to-cloud security company Lookout, agreed that best practice dictates designing security systems “under the assumption that the design and implementation of the system will be reverse-engineered[...]

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.”

The same goes for the risk of it being disclosed or even leaked, he commented via email to Threatpost.

He cited an example: AES, which is the US standard of cryptography and accepted for top-secret information, is an open specification. “This means that the implementation of it is not kept secret, which has allowed for rigorous research, verification, and validation over the past 20 years,” Kolodenker said.

Still, AES comes with many challenges, he granted, and “is often done incorrectly.”

He thinks that Samsung’s choice to use AES was a good decision. Unfortunately, the company “did not fully understand how to do so properly.”

An audit of the whole system “might have prevented this problem,” Kolodenker hypothesized.
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