Research on Clickjacking & Network Sniffing- Cyber Sapiens Internship Task-14

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Kali Linux Tutorials
Haptyc : Test Generation Framework

Haptyc is a python library which was built to add payload position support and Sniper/Clusterbomb/Batteringram/Pitchfork attack types into Turbo Intruder. While Haptyc accomplishes these goals fairly well it also introduces a simpler way to express test sequences in general. While this library was meant to target Turbo Intruder it has no hard dependencies on Turbo Intruder and can be used anywhere one requires test generation in a Python context. Unfortunately at this time since Haptyc was built for a jython interpreter it only supports Python 2.7 (however future changes will fix this). What are Haptyc tags?

Haptyc tags are tags which a tester can use to annotate an original input payload. A tester can use multiple tags to surround key pieces of data in an HTTP request to wrap it as a positional payload. When tests are being generated Haptyc will parse all the tags in the original payload and generate tests in accordance to the functions associated with the tag names. When Haptyc evaluates a Haptyc tag it will execute the associated tag function (this is called a Haptyc Transform) for a test payload to place in position of the associated tag in the request. Every tag function will receive a data argument and a state argument. The data argument may contain the inner data of the tag or may contain some other test payload sequence. The state argument is a state object associated with the tag where state can be stored between test iterations. Let’s review an example. Example 1: Simple list iteration

Original Payload

GET /animal/[+GuessAnimal]dog[+end] HTTP/1.1

Haptyc Class & Haptyc Transform

from haptyc import *
original = “GET /animal/[+GuessAnimal]dog[+end] HTTP/1.1”
class TestLogic(Transform):
@ApplyList([“snake”,”cat”,”owl”,”lion”])
def test_GuessAnimal(self, data, state):
return data + “?original=” + self.inner() + “&attempt=” + str(state.iter)
TestFactory = TestLogic(original)
for test in TestFactory:
print(test)

Tests Generated

GET /animal/snake?original=dog&attempt=0 HTTP/1.1
GET /animal/cat?original=dog&attempt=1 HTTP/1.1
GET /animal/owl?original=dog&attempt=2 HTTP/1.1
GET /animal/lion?original=dog&attempt=3 HTTP/1.1

In the example above we how one can express tests in a simple way using Haptyc. First the Haptyc library is imported. Second we have defined the original data with our Haptyc tag annotations (GuessAnimal). Next the TestLogic class is defined and extended as a Transform class. Inside this class every method that starts with test_will get registered as a Haptyc tag for evaluation in the original payload. We use a logic decorator to apply the state logic for this Haptyc transform. In this case we use the @ApplyList(list)decorator to tell Haptyc to generate a test for every item in the specified list and place that item into the Haptyc transform as the data argument. Inside the transform we return a mutated version of the data to insert back into the position of the tag. In this case the mutation is the list item as data concatenated with the data surrounded by the tag (dog) and then concatentated with the iter value in the state object. Lastly the remaining python shows the TestFactory object being created and all tests being generated in a for loop iterator. This is an example of a standard sniper-style attack which targets a single payload position. Next lets look at other style of attacks. Example 2: Clusterbomb

Original Payload

GET /animal?type=[%type]dog[%end]&name=[%name]fido[%end] HTTP/1.1

Haptyc Class & Haptyc Transform

from haptyc import *
original = “GET /animal?type=[%type]dog[%end]&name=[%name]fido[%end] HTTP/1.1”
class TestLogic(Transform):
@ApplyList(“snake”,”cat”,”owl”,”lion”)
def test_type(self, data, state):
return data
@ApplyList(“Frank”, “Lisa”, “Jin”, “Tooth”)
def test_name(self, data, [...]

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Kali Linux Tutorials
Jektor : A Windows User-Mode Shellcode Execution Tool That Demonstrates Various Techniques That Malware Uses

Jektor utility focuses on shellcode injection techniques to demonstrate methods that malware may use to execute shellcode on a victim system

* Dynamically resolves API functions to evade IAT inclusion
* Includes usage of undocumented NT Windows API functions
* Supports local shellcode execution via CreateThread
* Supports remote shellcode execution via CreateRemoteThread
* Supports local shellcode injection via QueueUserAPC
* Supports local shellcode injection via EnumTimeFormatsEx
* Supports local shellcode injection via CreateFiber
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEia5oKTx6SrjIrFmXdZuxHlpbqKsCPQHCqxmsxt-5CbBbcrdOJbjG-tQCGYQTgvaTUhN4CZwSCsr-nTfFk3XVT2ASMiiL-Aa2rSmrKT2ADCcLxUcqeGA3g99dAqZSKC5LA4WIM0SjCg7VFAUMZs0mvnel7Xu7eJmqCVe_omAbMKV2iZCPuj202rd3UG=s815
Anti-virus detection?

Pre-pending a set of NOPs to a Msfvenom XOR encrypted shellcode payload while using dynamic function address resolutions seems to bypass Windows Defender. IAT Import Evasion

Jektor makes use of dynamic function address resolutions using LoadLibrary and GetProcessAddress to make static analysis more difficult.

Important functions such as VirtualAlloc are not directly called which makes debugging and dumping the shellcode through breakpoints more difficult. Local shellcode execution via CreateThread

On Windows when you want to create a new thread for the current process you can call the CreateThread function, this is the most basic technique for executing malicious code or shellcode within a process. You can simply allocate a region of memory for your shellcode, move your shellcode into the allocated region, and then call CreateThread with a pointer to the address of the allocated region. When you call CreateThread you pass the lpStartAddress parameter which is a pointer to the application-defined function that will be executed by the newly created thread.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhgOktF__J48nylqqgL9PJvDpYASLUejbxSQUDfBzZvFD2kxLyOEeX8yxBbeOi9Dldjd9vgQFskcJtGfgCpa3K55heAgebg73wfaBPGOHREPWnaIiSxcYljeiUAbJZGuerR-961JWZ8sF_Z-bKvh57vmbw7g4F8Fm9gOHwpL71HT0-O3pRXwkyTFkcx=s812
* Allocate a region of memory big enough for the shellcode using VirtualAlloc
* Move the globally defined shellcode buffer into the newly allocated memory region with memcpy/RtlCopyMemory
* Create a new thread that includes the base address of the allocated memory region with CreateThread
* Wait for the new thread to be created/executed with WaitForSingleObject to ensure the payload detonates

After the memory region for the shellcode payload is allocated as RWX and the payload is moved into it, you can easily discover this region of memory by looking for any region of memory in the process that is marked as RWX, then if you inspect it you can seen the shellcode payload was moved into it, highlighted below are the first five bytes of the shellcode payload that executes a calculator on the victim system.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjv4uwQgaqsnvZw74jq7DXTR5QpIq4KUZTsF28KBeClaihR24VwaXzYUDXRTxE96xyz2LL50Wgu4ys68OkS3CFWmCeS2kJrS4n_XdLNQfhPI7ydbo5ILKsocT__4mY5gm-HWTGKPGz0zb3uzoJZ0YMUYEzhQwmEKreN72EtcL54ny0UKOwePkvvqbi7=s576
Hunting for RWX regions of memory is a quick way to identify potentially malicious activity on your system. Keep in mind, actors can also allocate a memory region as PAGE_READWRITE, write their shellcode into it, and then switch it to exectuable via VirtualProtect later on, this can help evade detection of a PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE memory region.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhu_YUrhQ8kxDPtUTI3vAlnbOtKTANx6YSDNxCxjH7wUaLRAI4GVZuAuNgwTfpma0L1xvn7ANjVpF3wCdnfxaNvopm-Way4msuPsArgdsqOqh29C8w1IDgbbUVn7XC1W9oKl_BH0m4PtQ26QLt7cvjAr7s20NpoLyRvU5qACKGoJa8NYk-tv9ooKEYz=s[...]

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state):
return data
TestFactory = TestLogic(original)
for test in TestFactory:
print(test)

Tests Generated

GET /animal?type=snake&name=Frank HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=snake&name=Lisa HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=snake&name=Jin HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=snake&name=Tooth HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=cat&name=Frank HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=cat&name=Lisa HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=cat&name=Jin HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=cat&name=Tooth HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=owl&name=Frank HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=owl&name=Lisa HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=owl&name=Jin HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=owl&name=Tooth HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=lion&name=Frank HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=lion&name=Lisa HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=lion&name=Jin HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=lion&name=Tooth HTTP/1.1

Example 1 showed how to evaluate transforms sniper style by using the ‘+’ sign annotation in the tag [+tag][+end]. Example 2 shows how we can use 2 transforms/positions to conduct a clusterbomb-style of attack. As you can see we use 2 separate transform tags called [%type][%end]and [%name][%end]. The ‘%’ sign tells Haptyc to evaluate these transforms clusterbomb-style, for every payload in the first transform create a test with the payload from the second transform. The test count is the number of tests of every transform involved multiplied by each other. Example 3: Pitchfork/BatteringRam

Using the same exact python code we can switch the attack style from clusterbomb to pitchfork by changing the ‘%’ to a ‘#’. Pitchfork style attacks will place the position payload all in parallel. The test count is the lowest number of tests given of all involved transforms.

Original Payload

GET /animal?type=[#type]dog[#end]&name=[#name]fido[#end] HTTP/1.1

Tests Generated

GET /animal?type=snake&name=Frank HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=cat&name=Lisa HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=owl&name=Jin HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=lion&name=Tooth HTTP/1.1

Example 4: Persistent Transforms

Original Payload

GET /animal?type=dog&id=[+idor]0[+end]&process=[@randbool]False[@end] HTTP/1.1

Haptyc Class & Haptyc Transform

from haptyc import *
import random
original = “GET /animal?type=dog&id=[+idor]0[+end]&process=[@randbool]False[@end] HTTP/1.1”
class TestLogic(Transform):
@ApplyIteration(10)
def test_idor(self, data, state):
return str(state.iter)
def per_randbool(self, data):
return random.choice([“True”, “False”])
TestFactory = TestLogic(original)
for test in TestFactory:
print(test)

Tests Generated

GET /animal?type=dog&id=0&process=False HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=dog&id=1&process=True HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=dog&id=2&process=False HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=dog&id=3&process=True HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=dog&id=4&process=False HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=dog&id=5&process=True HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=dog&id=6&process=False HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=dog&id=7&process=True HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=dog&id=8&process=False HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?type=dog&id=9&process=False HTTP/1.1

Persistent transforms are denoted by the ‘@’ sign and the transform functions always start with per_this is because these transforms are not iterative, they don’t create tests or keep state. These transforms are just naive transformation which you can apply anywhere in the payload for a state-less transformation without affecting the stateful transforms. Since they don’t prescribe any tests you cannot generate tests with persistent transforms alone, they are meant to be mixed with iterative transforms. In the example above we have a 10-test snipe style transform placing an incrementing id. Also we have a persistent transform which places a random boolean into its position. Example 5: Using state and state.init

There may be cases where prior to the start of a test sequence the tester may want to perform some processing/initialization. To support this Haptyc executes all involved transforms for an i[...]

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813
Remote shellcode execution via CreateRemoteThread

Another technique to create threads for shellcode execution is to call the CreateRemoteThread function, this will allow you to create threads remotely in another process. But the catch is that you will also want to allocate and write the shellcode payload into the remote process as well, since you’ll create a thread remotely that executes the payloads address that’s allocated within that process. In order to allocate the payload remotely, you’ll need to use the VirtualAllocEx function, this function is different from VirtualAlloc in that it can allocate memory regions in remote processes. To do this, Jektor creates a new process with the CREATE_NO_WINDOW flag set using CreateProcessW, this is used to spawn a new hidden notepad process. One the new process is spawned it remotely allocated memory in it and then uses WriteProcessMemory to write the shellcode payload into the allocated memory region. After this it calls CreateRemoteThread to execute the shellcode payload.

* Spawn a new process using CreateProcessW with CREATE_NO_WINDOW set
* Open a HANDLE to the newly spawed process by PID with OpenProcess and dwProcessId from PROCESS_INFORMATION
* Allocate memory remotely in the spawned process for the shellcode with VirtualAllocEx
* Write the shellcode payload into the allocated memory region with WriteProcessMemory
* Detonate the remotely created shellcode payload with CreateRemoteThread and the HANDLE from OpenProcess
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0cJSzbAjGHSPQTWqfpUWqQcjTJp7MWpv99IOodJ6rnuhSkE34yWNXNGN2_sm5JazTxJsMp4gjQJIxmt6sBcDnYtSRGA6jhaY4o5F_fqErHcMlmbNue8RC4F_VHYKrUSsT899246EHTfIxyGMf1pFaLLVayqQ2zuP57bZyJYGNXEIQ6li2O69gky9b=s811
Local shellcode execution via EnumTimeFormatsEx EnumTimeFormatsExis a Windows API function that enumerates provided time formats, it’s useful for executing shellcode because it’s first parameter accepts a user-defined pointer that gets executed.

BOOL EnumTimeFormatsEx(
[in] TIMEFMT_ENUMPROCEX lpTimeFmtEnumProcEx,
[in, optional] LPCWSTR lpLocaleName,
[in] DWORD dwFlags,
[in] LPARAM lParam
);

* Allocate memory locally for the shellcode payload with VirtualAlloc
* Move the shellcode payload into the newly allocated region with memcpy/RtlCopyMemory
* Detonate the shellcode by passing it as the lpTimeFmtEnumProcEx parameter for EnumTimeFormatsEx
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgIvWNJL16U6fLt6G_gCkU4ZSm652pw3F43pcEEydcmTL_s8UOPM6ccwds-KY9GfbjBD5S0ycAzJkhgcOayv1qo_d2YMfFOzNtw0UpACijGOLdREi7MEhZoLY-g9EaG41UmW_-r9nKXY1QFIugia5ggZOFHNbT5TJz1lHLjGJBqX_9ndMF8RqLznMko=s811
Local shellcode execution via CreateFiber

MSDN defines a fiber as a unit of execution that needs to be manually scheduled by an application. Similar to using CreateThread for executing shellcode, we can instead use Fibers. We convert our processes main thread into a fiber, allocate our shellcode, and execute it by calling SwitchToFiber which executes the new fiber we created.

* Get a HANDLE to the current thread using GetCurrentThread
* Convert the main thread to a Fiber using ConvertThreadToFiber
* Allocate memory for the shellcode payload with VirtualAlloc
* Copy the shellcode buffer into the newly allocated memory region with memcpy
* Create a new fiber with the base address of the allocated memory region as the lpStartAddress parameter for CreateFiber
* Detonate the shellcode by scheduling the fiber with SwitchToFiber
* Perform cleanup by deleting the created fiber with DeleteFiber
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgC4b3GwWgvs8IjmYMbvIJ7nr81pspjJ9yt69kaOiJ0X5EJrRWRIPXfWnXrdby2LwtfEj5pK6XopDNvtRJWDFu6wRtTaF3G8wrvgHyGvs22FSdVtDZDBvOq_c-nABGao2x97hTupABPpFtxi9Sl9rgSgANeRdMmaxmg2qtobOo5hR3R1U8VSYp6lkAV=s814
Local shellcode execution via QueueUserAPC

* Allocate memory for the shellcode buffer with VirtualAlloc
* Get a handle to the current process with GetCurrent[...]

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nitialization phase prior to executing the transform for test generation. This initialization step can be used for performing whatever initialization the tester requires and placing it into the state object. For this the tester can use state.initas a boolean to determine if the execution is in initialization. Any returned data from the initialization step will be ignored.

Original Payload

GET /animal?data=[+b64mutate]SGVsbG8gSGFja2VyIQ==[+end] HTTP/1.1

Haptyc Class & Haptyc Transform

from haptyc import *
import base64
original = “GET /animal?data=[+b64mutate]SGVsbG8gSGFja2VyIQ==[+end] HTTP/1.1”
class TestLogic(Transform):
@ApplyIteration(10)
def test_b64mutate(self, data, state):
if state.init:
state.decoded = base64.b64decode(data)
return
return base64.b64encode(random_insert(state.decoded, [“‘”]))
TestFactory = TestLogic(original)
for test in TestFactory:
print(test)

Tests Generated

GET /animal?data=SGVsbG8gSCdhY2tlciE= HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?data=SGVsbG8gSGFja2VyISc= HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?data=SGVsbG8gSGFjaydlciE= HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?data=SGVsbG8gSGEnY2tlciE= HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?data=SCdlbGxvIEhhY2tlciE= HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?data=SGVsbG8gSGFjaydlciE= HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?data=SGVsbG8gSGFja2VyISc= HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?data=SCdlbGxvIEhhY2tlciE= HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?data=SGVsbG8gSGFjJ2tlciE= HTTP/1.1
GET /animal?data=SGVsbG8gSGFjJ2tlciE= HTTP/1.1

In the example above the test uses state.initto base64 decode the wrapped inner payload only once at the beginning of the test sequence and store that result into state.decoded. Then for all normal test generation executions state.decodedis used as the decoded inner data to be processed. This type of pattern is useful to improve the performance of your transform due to the fact that only 1 decode occurs at the beginning (vs decoding the same payload at the generation of every test). Documentation Tag Types

* [+tag]inner[+end]– Sniper style iterative transform
* [%tag]inner[%end]– Clusterbomb style iterative transform
* [#tag]inner[#end]– Batteringram/Pitchfork style iterative transform
* [@tag]inner[@end]– Stateless persistant transform Logic Decorators
NameArgumentsdata inputDescription@ApplyIteration(n)n= # of Iterationsinner value of the haptyc tagLogic to generate N tests with inner as data@ApplyRange(b,e,s=1)b = begin value, e = max value, s = stepgenerated value of the rangeLogic to generate a test for every value stepped with the value given as data@ApplyList(L)L = python listitem of the listLogic to generate a test for every value in the list given as data@ApplyFilelist(path)path = filesystem pathitem of the listLogic to generate a test for every value in the filelist given as data@ApplyPayloads(name)name = builtin list nameitem of the listLogic to generate a test for every value in the built-in list given as data Haptyc Class Decorators
NameArgumentsDescription@CloneTransform(srcname, destname)srcname=string of a transform method copy from, destname=string of a non-existent transform method to copy intoCloneTransform is used to copy the implementation of one transform into another namespace without needing to copy/paste. This is useful in ‘%’ and ‘#’ style attacks when you need to re-use the same transform implementation in multiple positions Transform Class Helper Methods
NameDescriptionself.inner()Retrives the inner payload of the tagself.stop()Will immediately stop test generation of that transformself.me()Will return the name of the current transform contextself.set_label(label)Will set the label for this current testself.get_label(label)Will get the label for this current test Transform Helper State Attributes
NameDescriptionstate.iterCurrent iteration count of the transform (0-based)state.initBoolean that indicates if in the initialization stage Helper Mutation Functions
NameDescriptionradamsa([...]

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Process
* Write the shellcode payload into the newly allocated memory region with WriteProcessMemory
* Get a handle to the current thread with GetCurrentThread
* Queue a new APC routine pass the address of the allocated memory region as the pfnAPC parameter to QueueUserAPC
* Trigger the shellcode payload by calling the undocumented NtTestAlert function which clears the APC queue for the current thread
* Perform cleanup by closing the handles to the current thread and current process
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi4CIORebzYK3T63QsOQWNYhPmAPJPs8OZzErY3HDuG1fEn-YPi6gCzUBT3MQ1GDIVZa7QqpQTicNj7x5dk6Ax0amc3Ugv1zKRp2SForxaGuZxe6j9jKffLtaB0r-vDLLQrgsLASWNa83b8xHgRy4YE7mB0-7dvuaJTT_OYi6SMX0HQx49t0VxrL64v=s815 Download

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data)This function will execute radamsa on the input data and returns its result (radamsa is required to be installed)index_insert(data, list, index)This function will insert a payload from the list into the supplied data at the supplied indexrandom_insert(data, list)This function will insert a payload from the list into the supplied data at a random index
Bulitin Wordlists

* @ApplyPayloads(“0-9”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“10 letter words”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“11 letter words”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“12 letter words”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“3 letter words”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“4 letter words”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“5 letter words”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“6 letter words”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“7 letter words”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“8 letter words”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“9 letter words”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“a-z”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“CGI scripts”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Directories – long”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Directories – short”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“dirsearch”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Extensions – long”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Extensions – short”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Filenames – long”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Filenames – short”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Format strings”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Form field names – long”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Form field names – short”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Form field values”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Fuzzing – full”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Fuzzing – JSON_XML injection”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Fuzzing – out-of-band”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Fuzzing – path traversal”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Fuzzing – path traversal (single file)”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Fuzzing – quick”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Fuzzing – SQL injection”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Fuzzing – template injection”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Fuzzing – XSS”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“HTTP headers”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“HTTP verbs”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“IIS files and directories”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Interesting files and directories”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Local files – Java”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Local files – Linux”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Local files – Windows”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Passwords”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Server-side variable names”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Short words”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“SSRF targets”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“User agents – long”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“User agents – short”)
* @ApplyPayloads(“Usernames”) How to install

There are 2 ways to install Haptyc

* The easy way using the release turbo-intruder-all_w_haptyc.jarattached to this repository
* The manual way

Either way you choose these releases do not include radamsa and if you want radamsa support you must install it from this repo: (Optional) Installl radamsa via https://gitlab.com/akihe/radamsa How to install – Pre-packaged (easy)

* Clone this repo and note turbo-intruder-all_w_haptyc.jarin the release dir
* Open Burp
* Go to the Extender tab
* Click the Addbutton
* Click the Select File ...button and choose turbo-intruder-all_w_haptyc.jarHow to install – Manual (patching turbo-intruder-all.jar)

* Clone this repo
* In bash execute ./install.sh * In Burp reload Turbo Intruder Download

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Research on Clickjacking & Network Sniffing- Cyber Sapiens Internship Task-14
https://sapt.medium.com/research-on-clickjacking-network-sniffing-cyber-sapiens-internship-task-14-627e3fcb2d19?source=rss------bug_bounty-5

Hello guys👋👋 ,Prajit here from the BUG XS Team and Cyber Sapiens United LLP Cybersecurity and Red Team Intern, in this I am regularly…Continue reading on Medium » (https://sapt.medium.com/research-on-clickjacking-network-sniffing-cyber-sapiens-internship-task-14-627e3fcb2d19?source=rss------bug_bounty-5)

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Hacking on Medium
*ALL YOU WANT TO KNOW ABOUT BITCOIN*

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Photo by Sodium Platinuhmz

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Anatomy of a cyber attack

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*Bh-xz8PUkJ2lvq0H
Cyberspace is the battleground of our time and it is essential that both private companies, nation-states and even individuals protect…

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Pickle Rick | TryHackMe Walkthrough

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1920/0*dsWStS-NHKNCkk3i.jpg
Pickle rick is a CTF style box in TryHackMe. It is an Easy Level CTF in which we have to find the three ingredients in order to make rick…

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The Real Power of Growth Hacking Marketing

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A long time ago a new article titled “Growth Hackers are the new VP of Marketing” took the world by surprise, forcing thousands of…

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How to Use Old Posts for New Readers in your Cryptocurrency Marketing

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/1*YfhTosjhQ4nYQKWRZjPFnA.jpeg
Five Hundred and Seventy Five.

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How to Modulate Security Vulnerabilities in Web Applications

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1000/0*WEptOfG8nMQcACvl
Speed over perfection is very crucial when a new service is being released to the market.

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Install Invisible Malicious Apps Remotely, Acting As Updates
https://www.reddit.com/r/redteamsec/comments/ssejm4/install_invisible_malicious_apps_remotely_acting/

submitted by /u/banginpadr (https://www.reddit.com/user/banginpadr)
[link] (https://infosecwriteups.com/install-invisible-malicious-apps-remotely-acting-as-updates-71178979ff13) [comments] (https://www.reddit.com/r/redteamsec/comments/ssejm4/install_invisible_malicious_apps_remotely_acting/)

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What is the Bug Bounty ?
https://medium.com/cybersecurity-and-gdpr-compliance/what-is-the-bug-bounty-6646d69779b5?source=rss------bug_bounty-5

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Often translated into French as “prime au bogue” or “bounty for the detected flaw”, the bug bounty appeared in the 90s within Netscape…Continue reading on CyberSecurity and GDPR compliance » (https://medium.com/cybersecurity-and-gdpr-compliance/what-is-the-bug-bounty-6646d69779b5?source=rss------bug_bounty-5)

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