hacking: security in practice
Z-security hacking courses? Thoughts?

I've bought a course bundle over at Station X for hacking, made by Z-security. (Also seen the bundle on Udemy I think)

Seems very good but I have no experience so I would like some input from someone who actually knows this stuff. Good? Bad? Better alternative resources? Im completely new to hacking.

I intend to do a bachelor in cyber security, fascinating field! A job as a pentester or red teaming of what I have read n heard seems like a job I'd like, and I gotta start somewhere to further gain knowledge. Gonna study to see if I can make ethical hacking a hobby at least while mainly focusing on security for now.

Really enjoying the learning so far. Thanks for any input.

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hacking: security in practice
Ego or IQ

I really want to get into hacking, programming, and dark web tunneling. I don’t know how. It’s an underground isn’t it? When I venture out I feel as though I might not have what it takes to learn programming languages such as python, but when I go out in public I can see vulnerabilities. And when I lay in bed at night I theorize different easy corporate takedowns. I’m confused, please point me.

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hacking: security in practice
InfoSec jobs from a hiring perspective.

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hacking: security in practice
Vulnerability disclosure and responses

Hi, I've found/reported multiple vulnerabilities with companies (some have paid me nicely for doing so). Last week I reported a heartbleed (you know that thing from 7 years ago) vulnerability to a company on an SAP server. They don't have a responsible disclosure program so I didn't expect to be paid for finding/reporting it. I received a response that it was forwarded to the CISO which said they know about it and are working on fixing in... Obviously this is a lie (you can't say you know about a 7 year old vulnerability as serious as heartbleed and keep the thing publicly accessible) and they just want to cover their asses.

My question is, how should I respond.

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Broken Link Hijacking - Mr. User-Agent

Summary :Continue reading on Medium »
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Hacking on Medium
How to find solution in Wordle!

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1120/1*hLDOPMp-Qc8BP1VnmS-KyQ.png
It is possible with a little cunning to find the solution to the Wordle word game, which has recently been talked about a lot on Twitter…

Continue reading on Medium »

Hacking on Medium
Facebook Şifre Kırma 2022

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/780/0*kUAwD-J8SDyx6ISO.jpg
Facebook Şifre Kırma içeriğimizde çalınan bir hesabın nasıl geri alınabileceği hakkında bilgiler paylaşacağız. Günlük yaşantımızda…

Continue reading on Medium »

KitPloit - PenTest Tools!
Get-RBCD-Threaded - Tool To Discover Resource-Based Constrained Delegation Attack Paths In Active Directory Environments

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Xf7YilfPgHQ/Yd0cixA00VI/AAAAAAAA8f4/LCGxcwf0hMsNPagBltf9hnB95wYmRw-1QCK4BGAYYCw/w412-h640/Get-RBCD-Threaded_1_get-rbcd-threaded-714709.png Tool to discover Resource-Based Constrained Delegation attack paths in Active Directory Environments

Based almost entirely on wonderful blog posts "Wagging the Dog: Abusing Resource-Based Constrained Delegation to Attack Active Directory" by Elad Shamir and "A Case Study in Wagging the Dog: Computer Takeover" by harmj0y. Read these two blog posts if you actually want to understand what is going on here. I honestly only half understand it all myself (and that's being generous).

I don't know how to C# well so I figured out how to communicate with a domain in C# by reading through the source code of SharpSploit and SharpView. How it worksGet-RBCD-Thread will query all Active Directory users, groups (minus privileged groups like "Domain Admins" and "BUILTIN\Administrators"), and computer objects in your current domain and compile a list of their SIDs. Get-RBCD-Threaded will then query AD for all DACLs on the computer objects in the domain. Each ACE in the DACLs will be checked to see if one of the user/group/computer SIDS has either "GenericAll", "GenericWrite", "WriteOwner", or "WriteDacl" privileges on the computer object, or if the SIDS have "WriteProp" permissions on the ms-DS-Allowed-To-Act-On-Behalf-Of-Other-Identity attribute (GUID:3f78c3e5-f79a-46bd-a0b8-9d18116ddc79). If it does, then, well, you my friend are on your way to a Resource-Based Constrained Delegation attack! UsageCompile in Visual Studio. This uses Parallel.ForEach to spead up searching through the DACL object, so .NET v4 is minimum required. Options-u|-username=, Username to authenticate as

-p|-password=, Password for the user

-d|-domain=, Fully qualified domain name to authenticate to

-s|-searchforest, Discover domains and forests through trust relationships. Enumerate all domains and forests

-pwdlastset=, Filter computers based on pwdLastSet to remove stale computer objects. If you set this to 90, it will filter out computer objects whose pwdLastSet date is more than 90 days ago

-i|-insecure, Force insecure LDAP connect if LDAPS is causing connection issues.

-o|-outputfile=, Output to a CSV file. Provided full path to file and file name.

-h|-?|-help, Show the help options

You can now specify the username, password, and domain to authenticate to. If u/p/d options are blank, Get-RBCD-Threaded will atempt to authenticate to the domain in your current user context.

-o will output to a CSV file. Provide the full file path and file name to save the output to.

The default search specifies that port 636 be used to force LDAPS. This may cause issues. If you get an error saying something about the server not being available or similar, try the "-i" flag to remove the 636 port from the connect string.

"pwdLastSet" has been added as a filtering option. In larger environments you can get a lot of stale computer objects that no longer exist as the "destination" object int he ACL, and can't really be used for the RBCD attack (at least not that I am aware of). Set pwdLastSet to a number of days. Example: "-pwdlastset=90" will filter out any computer objects from your results where the pwdLastSet date is greater or equal to 90 days ago from the current date and time.

Tested in an environment with 20k+ uses, groups, and computers (over 60k total objects). Get-RBCD-Thread took ~60 seconds to complete. By comparison, my hacked together PowerView commands in this gist to perform a similar search ran for several hours and never completed.

This tool will not perform the delegation attack for you. You'll[...]

need to read Elad Shamir's and harmj0y's blogs to figure out how to do that. This will only help you find possible targets for the RBCD attack.

Example usage from my AD lab: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Xf7YilfPgHQ/Yd0cixA00VI/AAAAAAAA8f4/LCGxcwf0hMsNPagBltf9hnB95wYmRw-1QCK4BGAYYCw/w412-h640/Get-RBCD-Threaded_1_get-rbcd-threaded-714709.png DetectionsThis tool does nothing more than query Active Directory using LDAP queries, which may not be easy to detect. Netflow could possibly be used to detect large numbers of LDAP queries / traffic to one system.

The other possible way to detect this is through honeypot accounts. The idea would be to create a computer object that some user / group has write privileges to. The RBCD attack relies on modifying a computer object and then delegating kerberos tickets to it. The possible points of detection for the honeypot computer object could be:

1. Monitor modifications to the honeypot computer object, specifically to the "msds-allowedtoactonbehalfofotheridentity" property
2. Monitor for kerberos tickets requested for services on the honeypot computer object, specifically any kerberos tickets for administrator users

I made this tool to help me on penetration tests. However, defenders / blue teams / sysadmins can easily use this to help find weaknesses in their environments and (hopefully) move to remediate them. Download Get-RBCD-Threaded

Get-RBCD-Threaded - Tool To Discover Resource-Based Constrained Delegation Attack Paths In Active Directory Environments
http://www.kitploit.com/2022/02/get-rbcd-threaded-tool-to-discover.html

Tool to discover Resource-Based Constrained Delegation attack paths in Active Directory (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Active%20Directory) Environments Based almost entirely on wonderful blog posts "Wagging the Dog: Abusing Resource-Based Constrained Delegation to Attack Active Directory" by Elad Shamir (https://shenaniganslabs.io/2019/01/28/Wagging-the-Dog.html) and "A Case Study in Wagging the Dog: Computer Takeover" by harmj0y (https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/another-word-on-delegation/). Read these two blog posts if you actually want to understand what is going on here. I honestly only half understand it all myself (and that's being generous). I don't know how to C# well so I figured out how to communicate with a domain in C# by reading through the source code of SharpSploit (https://github.com/cobbr/SharpSploit) and SharpView (https://github.com/tevora-threat/SharpView).
How it works Get-RBCD-Thread will query all Active Directory (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Directory) users, groups (minus privileged groups like "Domain Admins" and "BUILTIN\Administrators"), and computer objects in your current domain and compile a list of their SIDs. Get-RBCD-Threaded will then query AD for all DACLs on the computer objects in the domain. Each ACE in the DACLs will be checked to see if one of the user/group/computer SIDS has either "GenericAll", "GenericWrite", "WriteOwner", or "WriteDacl" privileges on the computer object, or if the SIDS have "WriteProp" permissions on the ms-DS-Allowed-To-Act-On-Behalf-Of-Other-Identity attribute (GUID:3f78c3e5-f79a-46bd-a0b8-9d18116ddc79). If it does, then, well, you my friend are on your way to a Resource-Based Constrained Delegation attack! Usage Compile in Visual Studio. This uses Parallel.ForEach to spead up searching through the DACL object, so .NET v4 is minimum required. Options -u|-username=, Username to authenticate as -p|-password=, Password for the user -d|-domain=, Fully qualified domain name to authenticate to -s|-searchforest, Discover (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Discover) domains and forests through trust relationships. Enumerate all domains and forests -pwdlastset=, Filter computers based on pwdLastSet to remove stale computer objects. If you set this to 90, it will filter out computer objects whose pwdLastSet date is more than 90 days ago -i|-insecure, Force insecure LDAP connect if LDAPS is causing connection issues. -o|-outputfile=, Output to a CSV file. Provided full path to file and file name. -h|-?|-help, Show the help options You can now specify the username, password, and domain to authenticate to. If u/p/d options are blank, Get-RBCD-Threaded will atempt to authenticate to the domain in your current user context. -o will output to a CSV file. Provide the full file path and file name to save the output to. The default search specifies that port 636 be used to force LDAPS. This may cause issues. If you get an error saying something about the server not being available or similar, try the "-i" flag to remove the 636 port from the connect string. "pwdLastSet" has been added as a filtering option. In larger environments you can get a lot of stale computer objects that no longer exist as the "destination" object int he ACL, and can't really be used for the RBCD attack (at least not that I am aware of). Set pwdLastSet to a number of days. Example: "-pwdlastset=90" will filter out any computer objects from your results where the pwdLastSet date is greater or equal to 90 days ago from the current date and time. Tested in an environment with 20k+ uses, groups, and computers (over 60k total objects). Get-RBCD-Thread took ~60 seconds to complete. By comparison, my hacked together PowerView (https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/tree/dev) commands in this gist (https://gist.github.com/FatRodzianko/e4cf3efc68a700dca7cedbfd5c05c99f) to perform a similar search ran for several hours and never completed. This tool will not

perform the delegation attack for you. You'll need to read Elad Shamir's and harmj0y's blogs to figure out how to do that. This will only help you find possible targets for the RBCD attack. Example usage from my AD lab:

Detections This tool does nothing more than query Active Directory using LDAP queries, which may not be easy to detect. Netflow could possibly be used to detect large numbers of LDAP queries / traffic to one system. The other possible way to detect this is through honeypot (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/HoneyPot) accounts. The idea would be to create a computer object that some user / group has write privileges to. The RBCD attack relies on modifying a computer object and then delegating kerberos tickets to it. The possible points of detection for the honeypot computer object could be: Monitor modifications to the honeypot computer object, specifically to the "msds-allowedtoactonbehalfofotheridentity" property Monitor for kerberos tickets requested for services on the honeypot computer object, specifically any kerberos tickets for administrator users I made this tool to help me on penetration tests. However, defenders / blue teams (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Blue%20Teams) / sysadmins can easily use this to help find weaknesses in their environments and (hopefully) move to remediate them.

Download Get-RBCD-Threaded (https://github.com/FatRodzianko/Get-RBCD-Threaded)

Broken Link Hijacking - Mr. User-Agent
https://shahjerry33.medium.com/broken-link-hijacking-mr-user-agent-cd124297f6e6?source=rss------bug_bounty-5

Summary :Continue reading on Medium » (https://shahjerry33.medium.com/broken-link-hijacking-mr-user-agent-cd124297f6e6?source=rss------bug_bounty-5)

Exploiting CVE-2019–5418- File Content Disclosure on Rails
https://spoofing.medium.com/exploiting-cve-2019-5418-file-content-disclosure-on-rails-58cfa488fb51?source=rss------bug_bounty-5

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