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hacking: security in practice
Big confusion on global variables

Please help. getBoo1 does not even run as it gets an error, saying that v1 is not defined, but getBoo2 runs perfectly well. why?

def getBoo1():
v1 += "aa"
return v1
def getBoo2():
return v1 + "aa"

v1 = "boo"
print(getBoo1())
print(getBoo2())

submitted by /u/Br3ikros
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Hacking Articles|Raj Chandel's Blog
digital world.local: Vengeance Vulnhub Walkthrough

Donavan's VENGEANCE (digitalworld.local: VENGEANCE) is a medium level machine designed for Vulnhub. This lab includes a difficult exploitation procedure that is suitable for those experienced CTF players that want to put their talents to the test in these conditions. So, let's get started and find out how to divide things up into reasonable chunks. Pentesting MethodologyNetwork ScanningLevel:MediumNetwork ScanningTo start, we have to use the netdiscover command to scan the network for the IP address of the target machine.netdiscoverIn this scenario, the victim's IP address is 192.168.1.180.nmap -p- -sV 192.168.1.180EnumerationWe'll start by attempting to use HTTP. Let's have a look at port 80 and see if anything interesting comes up. Because the Apache Server is listening on port 80, we can quickly verify this in the browser.enum4linux 192.168.1.180https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjKKX8e_X2JVAbNZRmCBFilx7yR0o3xV_VNLQVGRy_mFaIlCN0qSvUVCP6C0ZIJeJFyso6cWBj9kHL6V2nlanP234T5zNUnZbNdB2kuzPZypepa-_bgV4rXaFnMddnepITHMPaiunseeoAxeyZywkf6ry4SlNCAz03IfalzZ8oyuvROpjlAXGoAZAplg=s16000 In a couple of seconds, we discovered that there is a smb shared directory available on this machine, along with their directory name.___________________________
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Hacking Articles|Raj Chandel's Blog digital world.local: Vengeance Vulnhub Walkthrough Donavan's VENGEANCE (digitalworld.local: VENGEANCE) is a medium level machine designed for Vulnhub. This lab includes a difficult exploitation procedure that is suitable…
CD9qcCiq2FuqU4HS5mOMiYwqDUu8LGTusVtWNk1sr1GQR2MiEIBUB94wVY2CoezmwbpSzFzK--8glECpRtvnWaRuxcKSw=s16000 With the help of script, we discovered two users on this system, sara and qinyi.ExploitationNow we must begin our exploitation phase using the information obtained through enumeration. First, we attempt to connect to the smb using smbclient.smbclient -L 192.168.1.180We got the identical page that the enum4linux script gave us. As a result, we must examine these directories. There is a user named Sara, as we already know. Now, we'll start with the sarapublic$ directory.smbclient //192.168.1.180/sarapublic$We found a lot of information in this directory. We used the get command to download all zip and text file into our system so that we could analyze it one at a time.sarapublic$directory.python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0L9YtlYUD4P6aubydmi1KFth376rhPAQp_u_Vz-dMc2qwjq5J6rmD1FZZsNXmGQpH4aNLLQGpoOCzKu2WHBq8MjNGIgCPswbJBbBSaYiDZiVmePgzNjIUg77tMEYym4HtHa72xNv9L8ATzNP9RJwND1RfBH7FnuW9DSI5pT1sJTd9QPR2ADcE3_jBOQ=s16000 Cewl, on the other hand, is used to turn those text files into a word list for brute force. We'll start with profile.txt and then go on to additional text files one at a time.cewl 192.168.1.3/profile.txt -w dict.txtIn this system, we use locate zip2john to determine its exact coordinates.locate zip2johnWe obtained the hash of the gio.zipfile using zip2john. We can now utilize our dict.txtto crack./usr/sbin/zip2john gio.zip > hashhttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjNiRNf911hnq5T2VkDPcrbhwQJFKqVVGRIPsQbtCtSbMfmVS8Xi5YbuS-8GpbYp4uRwZcErPjqdSnRxhJmif59zF8xHP-XNE43LXkfu_EAF7OyDgW6HQbfxjVtjXqFE8XKsHh16iyQnXYGgXti_8SmnczWIfqAbZQJHXXJ5VvL9dP33Pgfl79RTc6IOA=s16000 Because we have a dictionary and a hash value, we can utilize john to crack this hash value. Congratulations!! We obtained the password for the gio.zip file which is nanotechnological.john --wordlist=dict.txt hashhttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikZKKLqJB9LBHasjQx6E3gc1lsuyaxJbaxOR7TL0LEyc7Qdr2iRDj70GnzCKPOKLIWzgQ_GY1sad6G7Y_PtCgTLgym1VcSZS4f6RyslN8GagMy7wY_vAYR6eEiAPi_mbnmqtdAlEF8EUnzwScfzUmVx4oBMXyxV5G6oWgoFKjCgwAq16lGIv-DNwLaJg=s16000 We now have a password that we successfully cracked using the unzip command and received three files: a txt, a png, and a pptx.___________________________
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