ADFSPasswords bruteforce / sprayThe ADFS module is only available to bruteforce or spray a password. The authentication request is sent to https:///adfs/ls/idpinitiatedsignon.aspx?client-request-id=&pullStatus=0. An error message can informs the user if the password is expired

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O365This module allows to enumerate users (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Enumerate%20Users) and bruteforce / spray passwords.User enumerationSeveral modes are available: office, oauth2 and onedrive (not implemented yet). The office mode is recommended as no authentication is made. Oauth2 can retrieve additional information through AADSTS error code (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/reference-aadsts-error-codes) (MFA enable, locked account, disabled account)

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Passwords bruteforce / sprayAs for the user enumeration, two modes are available: oauth2 and autodiscover (not implemented yet). The Oauth2 is the recommended mode, it allows to get much information thanks to the AADSTS error code (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/reference-aadsts-error-codes).

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OWAThis module allows to enumerate users and bruteforce / spray passwords.User enumerationEnumeration is made with authentication requests. Authentication (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Authentication) for a non-existent user will take longer than for a valid user. At first, the average response time for an invalid user will be calculated and then the response time for each authentication request will be compared.

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hacking: security in practice
I have a request.

Hi, I’m trying to get into my old yahoo account for one reason: to get on my old MySpace account which has pictures of me and my best friend who is currently dying.

If anyone can help, please let me know.

submitted by /u/sirenmelody
[link] [comments]

hacking: security in practice
What could be behind my ONT?

My ISP provides an optical network interface that's the ingress point of my home network and it's got its own admin panel at some arbitrary address. I was messing around with the network configuration and I accidentally ended up with my desktop plugged into that box instead of the router and I found the admin page trying to troubleshoot.

It's secured with an unknown username and password. I'm curious what that device is actually responsible for. Any ideas?

submitted by /u/JamezBURRITOS
[link] [comments]

hacking: security in practice
Rookie here, encryption software recommendations before uploading to the cloud?

Do any of you use encryption software? Free or otherwise? If so which ones do you use. I've got 1TB cloud storage I want to use it for some Iso's etc, but wanted to see if it would be best to encrypt them before uploading them to the cloud.

submitted by /u/Lifes_punchline
[link] [comments]

hacking: security in practice
Today i saw a web extention in my browser named "new tab" (opens a website called hi.ru when new tab is opened)

I never installed that extension. How did it get into my browser!!?. I believe that was a virus but what are the ways it could get into my browser extention?

submitted by /u/brown_homie
[link] [comments]

Laravel 8.x image upload bypass — Zero Day

In the name of God.
Read more...

Black Hat Ethical Hacking
Offensive Security Tool: Hashcat

https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Untitled-design-2-1.png Offensive Security Tool: HashcatPost Views: 31 https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/BF2.gif Reading Time: 3 Minutes

Offensive Security Tool: Hashcat GitHub Link HashcatHashcat is the world’s fastest and most advanced password recovery utility, supporting five unique modes of attack for over 300 highly-optimized hashing algorithms. Hashcat currently supports CPUs, GPUs, and other hardware accelerators on Linux, Windows, and macOS, and has facilities to help enable distributed password cracking.

Brute-forcing has evolved into not just cracking passwords from websites, but also specifically from databases, archived folders/files, backups, hashes and more. This tool is different because of the way it can utilize all your machine’s resources especially if you have a GPU. Depending on the machine used, it will give you an ETA of how fast you can crack, with speeds of testing more than 1000 combinations per second.

It can be used as part of your pentesting, bug bounty especially when you come across a lot of secrets keys that can be analyzed of which encryption is used and crack them accordingly to reveal the hidden content of the encryption. Since it supports almost all known algorithms you can check it out by testing it in a training environment to uncover its true power and speed.
See Also: New Linux malware hides in cron jobs with invalid dates Features* World’s fastest password cracker
* World’s first and only in-kernel rule engine
* Free* Open-Source (MIT License)* Multi-OS (Linux, Windows and macOS)
* Multi-Platform (CPU, GPU, APU, etc., everything that comes with an OpenCL runtime)
* Multi-Hash (Cracking multiple hashes at the same time)
* Multi-Devices (Utilizing multiple devices in same system)
* Multi-Device-Types (Utilizing mixed device types in same system)
* Supports password candidate brain functionality
* Supports distributed cracking networks(using overlay)
* Supports interactivepause / resume
* Supports sessions
* Supports restore
* Supports reading password candidates from file and stdin
* Supports hex-salt and hex-charset
* Supports automatic performancetuning
* Supports automatic keyspace ordering markov-chains
* Built-in benchmarking system
* Integrated thermal watchdog* 350+ Hash-typesimplemented with performance in mind
* … and much moreScreenshothttps://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/hashcat-1.png
See Also: Obfuscated Payloads can be undetected even if you have real-time protection Algorithms* MD4
* MD5
* SHA1
* SHA2-224
* SHA2-256
* SHA2-384
* SHA2-512
* SHA3-224
* SHA3-256
* SHA3-384
* SHA3-512
* RIPEMD-160
* BLAKE2b-512
* GOST R 34.11-2012 (Streebog) 256-bit, big-endian
* GOST R 34.11-2012 (Streebog) 512-bit, big-endian
* GOST R 34.11-94
* GPG (AES-128/AES-256 (SHA-1($pass)))
* Half MD5
* Keccak-224
* Keccak-256
* Keccak-384
* Keccak-512
* Whirlpool
* SipHash

Click here to see all of the algorithms. Attack-Modes* Straight *
* Combination
* Brute-force
* Hybrid dict + mask
* Hybrid mask + dict
* Association *

* accept Rules Supported OpenCL runtimes* AMD
* Apple
* Intel
* NVidia
* POCL
* ROCm Supported OpenCL device types* GPU
* CPU
* APU InstallationDownload the latest release and unpack it in the desired location. Please remember to use 7z x when unpacking the archive from the command line to ensure full file paths remain intact. Usage/HelpPlease refer to the Hashcat Wiki and the output of –help for usage information and general help. A list of frequently asked questions ma[...]

y also be found here. The Hashcat Forum also contains a plethora of information. If you still think you need help by a real human come to Discord. BuildingRefer to BUILD.md for instructions on how to build hashcat from source.
See Also: Hacking stories – The first botnet hijacker aka the Zombie King https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Untitled-design.png Recent Tools* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/bugbountytools-90x90.png Offensive Security Tools: Awesome Bug Bounty Tools1 week ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/unknown-1-90x90.png Offensive Security Tool: Pentesting Tools2 weeks ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/unknown-90x90.png Offensive Security Tool: DotDotPwn – The Directory Traversal Fuzzer3 weeks ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/unknown-1-90x90.png Offensive Security Tool: ZipExec4 weeks ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/carbon-2048x1374-1-90x90.png OSINT Tool: Osintgram1 month ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/dalfox-90x90.png Offensive Security Tool: Dalfox1 month ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/unknown-90x90.png Offensive Security Tool: Whispers2 months ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Screenshot_20211001_133045-90x90.png Offensive Security Tool: URL Hunter2 months ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/unknown-90x90.png Offensive Security Tool: Discover2 months ago
* https://www.blackhatethicalhacking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/116777794-e9447880-aaa0-11eb-9697-af5f5617b279-90x90.png Offensive Security Tool: SniperPhish2 months ago
The post Offensive Security Tool: Hashcat first appeared on Black Hat Ethical Hacking.

KitPloit - PenTest Tools!
goEnumBruteSpray - User Enumeration And Password Bruteforce On Azure, ADFS, OWA, O365 And Gather Emails On Linkedin

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2oUqQyAw69X6eGTjQ8Yzbu0CEcr9tfuTLTGxHJuTZc_dATRVRCYfskwcALeVRqV9-zjHr_imMC3MgMJFGlwFxaG0E4ZgFOF5M3r-6TUslUP-NgpXBb5vKCq7VluZVDWizET519kaaxekHAmnDEQQm0yXqeSCorLKLtxaOhk5j_Szr2NPyJLVJn73KbQ=w640-h100 The recommended module is o365 for user enumeration and passwords bruteforce / spray . Additional information can be retrieved to avoid account lockout, to know that the password is good but expired, MFA enabled,... LinkedinThis module should be used to retrieve a list of email addresses before validating them through a user enumeration module. The company will be searched on Linkedin and all people working at these companies will be returned in the specified format.

The Linkedin's session cookie li_atis required. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2oUqQyAw69X6eGTjQ8Yzbu0CEcr9tfuTLTGxHJuTZc_dATRVRCYfskwcALeVRqV9-zjHr_imMC3MgMJFGlwFxaG0E4ZgFOF5M3r-6TUslUP-NgpXBb5vKCq7VluZVDWizET519kaaxekHAmnDEQQm0yXqeSCorLKLtxaOhk5j_Szr2NPyJLVJn73KbQ=w640-h100 SearchEngineThis module should be used to retrieve a list of email addresses before validating them through a user enumeration module. The company name will be searched on Google and Bing with a dork to find people working in the company (site:linkedin.com/in+"%s"). The results title will be parsed to output email addresses in the specified format. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgEVAIcdU0-W84AWvtKRz6MCAweUM6PTXDnZkS0NSlN1ckjmure3pXg_g3HVnDeAmW3M4luGHzru4c6EGKX3WGvk6UYk8hpzDpvg2CAw098ULWw90jmyDYJbFTzhpD2h7sONvneA3ddDKZHrL85j1LRnlMuABniCT6WnoxxBcd3ekLo0YzogBRgqHRW2A=w640-h88 AzureUser enumerationThe Azure module is only available to enumerate the users of a tenant. The authentication request will be made on https://autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com, a detailed response shows if the account does not exist, a MFA is required, if the account is locked, ... https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVP9Rp7cKJqdTXmapesBj-pLA_ZF0PhAiU9vgbPbt5h8YQtyY2cI2Z_IlC9b2keT-_qYQk0NvlfleOAufjYRjy0xza68zA9GZsjWqlkvhsRtUItg14J7ggSmlEyp2DesB3q8stNHuIs_AlMARTd2GXZ1O8cHIF6vTTCqYw_rIIT8xFYUUB2j8S_LJlyg=w640-h56 ADFSPasswords bruteforce / sprayThe ADFS module is only available to bruteforce or spray a password. The authentication request is sent to https://. An error message can informs the user if the password is expired https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEioCddSmn941IXRD6N7T8h_kJiF6G1bAy4PYAm4RLYsriEcT3IpleT0VYpVEnZWCT0tMjrIFQlboHBkhAKnu4vVTgs_yz_7tVixPZ50i1jsQI2byFq3UvHuI-JAxAab97ER19yz9po7nZ69WXFmGivZP6JaSTprmK8p-p_eqjRicuh6NnJfjcVEgHsTcg=w640-h84 O365This module allows to enumerate users and bruteforce / spray passwords. User enumerationSeveral modes are available: office, oauth2 and onedrive (not implemented yet). The office mode is recommended as no authentication is made. Oauth2 can retrieve additional information through AADSTS error code (MFA enable, locked account, disabled account) https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEggUckzzmWbFrf5ZlztL_gXmYsbP6IvGQo0wzNIzT7DGgiYh7ugKHk9DtBRZJUO4XwUoa59CuzdzNDRdWcwMKKtvBoWW9BoQsia8WCwdGcKC3N_2W6LFpYCviiYi8N6d9SGIJmm5GVBFi0_MHvbdJ5V3gcavxEsHtLI-W_UEaZ8apvx6DnWDGGnRV8mwQ=w640-h108 Passwords bruteforce / sprayAs for the user enumeration, two modes are available: oauth2 and autodiscover (not implemented yet). The Oauth2 is the recommended mode, it allows to get much information thanks to the AADSTS error code. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-gNnfJqYD5XwRnWe8am-Bx0n36NqlyS1FBRQ3_Oo3uVE11g8e[...]

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hspA-yMHrTFz6Vd-sdklz4-Lfy81fgOGEr5Q4-vuan7bHyiGdwJzWiPlpNZzU9mr3XZQZbUg4Svh5ESL8a6NZ-n-pF47VIHnB8Inl4BajKeq5VsCsZ54gHwYYId5Ymz7HIkal1Ukow=w640-h58 OWAThis module allows to enumerate users and bruteforce / spray passwords. User enumerationEnumeration is made with authentication requests. Authentication for a non-existent user will take longer than for a valid user. At first, the average response time for an invalid user will be calculated and then the response time for each authentication request will be compared. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjxyXJeblOV40xq23ZsJ7VQVDLNXqwhRpCIAy0Cfe5e7ktqBOAXCVeVI1VRol3PZu1R111e9lMXDA_QrMKr_wyPlBZkWm9DBNk7Iaf9QFsvTSj0ySPWsiBCDHDBbalm3dxeZgHw-bIZSAU7GMTUEZxnMsz_foZYuc--9uGFe3ildzMyYK15sp4HHLkOfg=w640-h124 Passwords bruteforce / sprayPlease note that no account locking mechanism can be implemented because no information about it is returned. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiXN9ifSFGlOWaL00Creo8lHII1ABRsmsNT-kZQRHGe5s9Yr1ehEp1E_MsCkJyAIhlZr9sjOS0F4di6RscOyUsaCRGG_wmzsJhLwRJ1Ggr8Ld2_BifxroTr6NfqoSjOppXUe2y2JyBD-tkXwTwX2rAUkCRqGE6xPLrN81g8lwUKnHgk0vmGD87_2VxL5A=w640-h90 Creditshttps://github.com/busterb/msmailprobehttps://github.com/0xZDH/o365spray/https://github.com/xFreed0m/ADFSpray/https://github.com/m8r0wn/CrossLinked Download GoMapEnum

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Kali Linux Tutorials
Cybersecurity Tips For Startups

Large Corporations, well-established government agencies, and non-governmental agencies have invested in cybersecurity to build more threat-resilient networks and systems.

The case is different with business startups. Most startups lack the resources to invest in proper security measures. As such, hackers have always had a downhill task breaching startups.

This is the reason why you have to be extra-vigilant to secure your startup business. In this article, you will learn about some of the most security measures you can use to safeguard your startup from cybersecurity threats. 1. Password SecurityMost people veer towards using the most uncomplicated characters when creating passwords. Similarly, most people reuse their passwords on multiple accounts.

A Harris Poll online security Survey now shows that 65% of people reuse passwords across multiple platforms. As a result, passwords are the primary cause of most business data breaches. In 2019 alone, 42% of data breaches to businesses resulted from weak passwords.

https://kalilinuxtutorials.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/image.png

The first line of defense that you should have for your startup is a unique and robust password. These types of passwords will thwart efforts of brute force and prevent unauthorized access to your systems.

However, it is also great to make your passwords easy to remember. Some users end up creating very long and complex passwords and end up forgetting them. Here are some of the best password ideas you should follow:

* Length trumps complexity. The longer the password, the more secure it is
* Complexity still counts. Always combine both lowercase letters, uppercase letters, numbers, and special characters.
* A password manager is your secret weapon. They are great tools that can be used to organize your passwords and ensure safe password storage. Some of the best password manager tools include; LastPass, KeePass, and Dashlane.
* Always ensure that you use different passwords for each one of your accounts.

These practices apply to you and all stakeholders of your startup. Therefore, ensure that all those who create their accounts with you abide by these rules. 2. Security Training and AwarenessIt appears that many startups and established agencies are yet to recognize the essence of cybersecurity training and awareness programs. According to a recent Cyber Security Skills report conducted by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media &Sport, only one in nine (11%) organizations provide cybersecurity training to their employees.

As you launch your business, be prepared to undertake a training and awareness program. There is no point in working with employees who are ignorant about cybersecurity. You will only be increasing your vulnerability to cyberattacks.

A cybersecurity training and awareness program does not make your startup immune to cyber threats. It only minimizes the chances of a cyber-attack. The security awareness and training program will help to develop a security culture, which for a long time now has always been seen as the holy grail for most organizations that mind their security.

The security training program will also help to improve the security well-being of your employees. It will equip them with the necessary knowledge and skills to identify a potential attack and make them aware of the counter-defense strategies to protect themselves against cyber threats. 3. SSL EncryptionThe internet is evolving speedily, and so are cyberattacks. This calls for better website protection. Google is continuously working to ensure that the internet is a safe place.

It has always encouraged website owners to use HTTPS instead of HTTP. HTTPS websites have an SSL certificate which is the protocol that will ensure the secure transfer of informa[...]

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tion between your startup’s end and your web visitors’ browsers. It thus encrypts sensitive data making it unreadable by hackers.

Such sensitive information may include login credentials, payment information, health records, and other personal information. With the increasing cases of data breaches, you have no option but to buy and install the SSL certificate.

Being a startup, you also need the SSL certificate to help you rank in search engines. There are several SSL certificates options that will work best for your startup. For instance, you can use the Comodo Essential SSL certificate, a cheap and cost-effective certificate that will secure your chosen domain or subdomain. 4. Multiple Factor AuthenticationEnabling a multiple-step authentication is one of the most straightforward yet effective cybersecurity tips you should take to secure your startup.

It is a security feature that requires users to go through an extra verification process before finally being granted access to their account. With multiple-factor authentication, even if your login credentials are compromised, the hacker will have to enter a security code sent exclusively to your phone.

The multiple-step authentication technology has also undergone tremendous transformation. For example, we now use biometric features such as fingerprints and face recognition to help strengthen the user verification process. 5. Always Use an Up-to-date SoftwareYou are busy on your office desk, probably strategizing on how you will make your business grow.

A popup notification telling you that a new software update is available suddenly appears on your screen. Because you are busy, you quickly click on ‘cancel’ instead of ‘install.’ That act alone can compromise your business and bring it to a premature halt.

Skipping a software update will keep the door open for hackers to access your sensitive information, distort the information, steal it, and spread malware to your system.

Many of the malware attacks that occur today leverage outdated software versions. The Equifax Data Breach is one perfect example.

New software versions come with more enhanced security features that can help protect your business from cybersecurity threats. Never procrastinate about installing the update. Ensure that you install it the moment you see that popup notification on your screen. 6. Install FirewallsThere is a common misconception about firewalls- that they are only necessary for large corporations and governmental agencies. However, the reality is that every type of business, including startups, must have a firewall to survive the many cybersecurity threats happening today.

A firewall is one of the essential defense tools for your startup. Its task is to prevent any form of unauthorized connections from reaching you. It will monitor incoming and outgoing traffic and will only allow safe traffic to your network. 7. Access LimitationsWho should be able to access your business’s data? Should all your employees be granted permission to navigate through all data repositories? Certainly not. Your employees could as well be your biggest enemies. It is not good to trust anyone, especially in a startup setup where you barely know your employees.

The best practice will be applying the principle of the least privilege. Only those who have business with the data should be granted permission to access the data. By limiting access to sensitive user data, you will be limiting the potential threats associated with data exposure to the wrong hands.

Conclusion

Many startup owners often think that they cannot be victims of a data breach and that they have little to make a hacker come after them. that is not the case. Startups have now emerged as one of the primary targets for hackers. You must launch your business alongside a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy to ensure that you are resilient to any form of cyberattacks. This article has g[...]

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iven eight tips that startups startups should adopt to be more cyber secure.

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