s a global set of known values. When running ./ffcompile templates/gif.bt gif.cpp a printed message shows the lookahead functions identified, as well as the mined interesting values: Finished creating cpp generator.

Lookahead functions found:

ReadUByte
ReadUShort

Mined interesting values:

GlobalColorTableFlag: ['1']
LocalColorTableFlag: ['1']
ReadUByte: ['0x3B', '0x2C']
ReadUShort: ['0xF921', '0xFE21', '0x0121', '0xFF21']
Signature: ['"GIF"'] For GIF generation, however, it is better to specify the set of good known values for ReadUByte()individually at each call to the function. So we define an empty array (size 0) const local UBYTE ReadUByteInitValues[0]; to overwrite the set of global ReadUByteInitValuesand for each call to ReadUByte(), we use an additional argument to specify the set of good values to use for that particular location. The binary template language is also powerful enough to allow this choice to be made based on runtime conditions. For example, in the following code we show how the choice of appropriate values for a ReadUByte()call can depend on the current GIF version we are generating. A GIF version 89aallows one extra possible value for the byte (0x21). if(GifHeader.Version == "89a")
local UBYTE values[] = { 0x3B, 0x2C, 0x21 };
else
local UBYTE values[] = { 0x3B, 0x2C };

while (ReadUByte(FTell(), values) != 0x3B) {
...
} The remaining edits required for the GIF binary template are similar. For example, for each struct field can also specify a set of known good values. For example this specifies the correct values for the Versionfield: 87aand 89a. char Version[3] = { {"87a"}, {"89a"} }; Understanding the Generated C++ CodeFor debugging purposes, as well as for understanding how to make appropriate changes to improve your generators and parsers, it may be useful to understand some inner workings of the generated C++ code. Ideally, you should be able to edit the binary template files until they can be used to generate valid files with high probability, so you wouldn't have to edit the generated C++ code.

The C++ code creates a class for each structand uniondefined in the binary template, as well as for native types, such as int.

At construction time, when initializing a variable, we can define a set of good known values that this variable can assume. For example, the constructor call char_array_class cname(cname_element, { "IHDR", "tEXt", "PLTE", "cHRM", "sRGB", "iEXt", "zEXt", "tIME", "pHYs", "bKGD", "sBIT", "sPLT", "acTL", "fcTL", "fdAT", "IHDR", "IEND" }); would specify 17 good values to use for variable cname. But this is often not enough, since the choice of appropriate chunk types is context sensitive. So we also allow specifying a set of good values at generation time when generating a new chunk. For example, this call could be used to generate an instance of chunkfor the first chunk, which must have type IHDR. GENERATE(chunk, ::g->chunk.generate({ "IHDR" }, false)); When generating the second chunk, we might use this long list of possible chunks that can come between the IHDR chunk and the PLTE chunk: GENERATE(chunk, ::g->chunk.generate({ "iCCP", "sRGB", "sBIT", "gAMA", "cHRM", "pHYs", "sPLT", "tIME", "zTXt", "tEXt", "iTXt", "eXIf", "oFFs", "pCAL", "sCAL", "acTL", "fcTL", "fdAT", "fRAc", "gIFg", "gIFt", "gIFx", "sTER" }, true)); The generator will then uniformly pick one of the good known values to use for the new instance. We also allow the choice of an evil value which is not one of the good known values with small probability 1/128. This feature can be enabled or disabled any time by using the method set_evil_bit.

All the random choices taken by the generator ar[...]

e done by calling the rand_int()method. long long rand_int(unsigned long long x, std::function<long parse); When running the program as a generator, this method samples an integer from 0 to x-1 by reading bytes from the random buffer. When running the program as a parser, this method uses the parse()function to find out which random bytes must be present in the random buffer in order to generate the target file, and then writes those bytes to the random buffer. The parsefunction receives as an argument the buffer at the current position of the file and must then return which value would have to be returned by the current call to rand_int()in order to generate this exact file configuration. AuthorsFormatFuzzer was designed and written by Rafael Dutra rafael.dutra@cispa.de>.

The concept of a fuzzer compiler was introduced by Rahul Gopinath rahul.gopinath@cispa.de> and Andreas Zeller zeller@cispa.de>. Copyright and LicensesFormatFuzzer is Copyright © 2020, 2021 by CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security. The following licenses apply:

*
The FormatFuzzer code (notably, all C++ code and code related to its generation) is subject to the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, as found in COPYING.

*
As an exception to the above, C++ code generated by FormatFuzzer (i.e., fuzzers and parsers for specific formats) is in the public domain.

*
The original pfp code, which FormatFuzzer is based upon, is subject to an MIT license, as found in LICENSE-pfp. Download FormatFuzzer

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