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Breaking Application’s Logic to DOS Attack

Hey guys, Recently I had found a bug which was fine enough to deserve this post. So, I thought of writing it up here. I can not disclose…Continue reading on Medium »
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Find regexes which are vulnerable (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Vulnerable) to Regular Expression (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Regular%20Expression) Denial of Service (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Denial%20of%20Service) (ReDoS). More info on the Doyensec blog (https://blog.doyensec.com/2021/03/11/regexploit.html) Many default regular expression parsers have unbounded worst-case complexity. Regex matching may be quick when presented with a matching input string. However, certain non-matching input strings can make the regular expression matcher go into crazy backtracking loops and take ages to process. This can cause denial of service, as the CPU will be stuck trying to match the regex. This tool is designed to: find regular expressions (https://www.kitploit.com/search/label/Regular%20Expressions) which are vulnerable to ReDoS give an example malicious string which will cause catastrophic backtracking
Worst-case complexity
This reflects the complexity of the regular expression matcher's backtracking procedure with respect to the length of the entered string. Cubic complexity here means that if the vulnerable part of the string is doubled in length, the execution time should be about 8 times longer (2^3). For exponential ReDoS with starred stars e.g. (a*)*$ a fudge factor is used and the complexity will be greater than 10. For explotability, cubic complexity or higher is typically required unless truly giant strings are allowed as input.
Example
Run regexploit and enter the regular expression v\w*_\w*_\w*$ at the command line. $ regexploit
v\w*_\w*_\w*$
Pattern: v\w*_\w*_\w*$
---
Worst-case complexity: 3 (cubic)
Repeated character: [5f:_]
Final character to cause backtracking: [^WORD]
Example: 'v' + '_' * 3456 + '!'
The part \w*_\w*_\w* contains three overlapping repeating groups (\w matches letters, digits and underscores). As showed in the line Repeated character: [5f:_], a long string of _ (0x5f) will match this section in many different ways. The worst-case complexity is 3 as there are 3 infinitely repeating groups. An example to cause ReDoS is given: it consists of the required prefix v, a long string of _ and then a ! (non-word character) to cause backtracking. Not all ReDoSes require a particular character at the end, but in this case, a long string of _ will match the regex successfully and won't backtrack. The line Final character to cause backtracking: [^WORD] shows that a non-matching character (not a word character) is required at the end to prevent matching and cause ReDoS. As another example, install a module version vulnerable to ReDoS such as pip install ua-parser==0.9.0. To scan the installed python modules run regexploit-python-env. Importing ua_parser.user_agent_parser
Vulnerable regex in /somewhere/.env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ua_parser/user_agent_parser.py #183
Pattern: \bSmartWatch *\( *([^;]+) *; *([^;]+) *;
Context: self.user_agent_re = re.compile(self.pattern)
---
Worst-case complexity: 3
Repeated character: [20]
Example: 'SmartWatch(' + ' ' * 3456

Worst-case complexity: 3
Repeated character: [20]
Example: 'SmartWatch(0;' + ' ' * 3456

Vulnerable regex in /somewhere/.env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ua_parser/user_agent_parser.py #183
Pattern: ; *([^;/]+) Build[/ ]Huawei(MT1-U06|[A-Z]+\d+[^\);]+)[^\);]*\)
Context: self.user_agent_re = re.compile(self.pattern)
---
Worst-case complexity: 3
Repeated character: [[0-9]]
Example: ';0 Build/HuaweiA' + '0' * 3456
...
For each vulnerable regular expression it prints one or more malicious string to trigger ReDoS. Setting your user agent to ;0 Build/HuaweiA000000000000000... and browsing a website using an old version of ua-parser may cause the server to take a long time to process your request, probably ending in status 502.
Installation

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regexploit-py "my-project/**/*.py" --glob
Javascript / Typescript
This will use the bundled NodeJS package in regexploit/bin/javascript which parses your JavaScript as an AST with eslint (https://github.com/typescript-eslint/typescript-eslint/tree/master/packages/parser) and prints out all regexes. Those regexes are fed into the python ReDoS finder. regexploit-js my-module/my-file.js another/file.js some/folder/
regexploit-js "my-project/node_modules/**/*.js" --glob N.B. there are differences between javascript and python regex parsing so there may be some errors. I'm not sure I want (https://hackernoon.com/the-madness-of-parsing-real-world-javascript-regexps-d9ee336df983) to write a JS regex AST!
Python imports
Search for regexes in all the python modules currently installed in your path / env. This means you can pip install whatever modules you are interested in and they will be analysed. Cpython code is included. regexploit-python-env N.B. this doesn't parse the python code to an AST and will only find regexes compiled automatically on module import. Modules are actually imported, so code in the modules will be executed. This is helpful for finding regexes which are built up from smaller strings on load e.g. CVE-2021-25292 in Pillow (https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/3bce145966374dd39ce58a6fc0083f8d1890719c)
JSON / YAML
Yaml support requires pyyaml, which can be installed with pip install regexploit[yaml]. regexploit-json *.json
regexploit-yaml *.yaml
C# (.NET)
regexploit-csharp something.cs
Bugs reported CVE-2020-5243: uap-core (https://github.com/ua-parser/uap-core/security/advisories/GHSA-cmcx-xhr8-3w9p) affecting uap-python, uap-ruby (https://github.com/ua-parser/uap-ruby/security/advisories/GHSA-pcqq-5962-hvcw), etc. (User-Agent header parsing) CVE-2020-8492: cpython's urllib.request (https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/0b297d4ff1c0e4480ad33acae793fbaf4bf015b4) (WWW-Authenticate header parsing) CVE-2021-21236: CairoSVG (https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-hq37-853p-g5cf) (SVG parsing) CVE-2021-21240: httplib2 (https://github.com/httplib2/httplib2/security/advisories/GHSA-93xj-8mrv-444m) (WWW-Authenticate header parsing) CVE-2021-25292: python-pillow (https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/3bce145966374dd39ce58a6fc0083f8d1890719c) (PDF parsing) CVE-2021-26813: python-markdown2 (https://github.com/trentm/python-markdown2/pull/387) (Markdown parsing) CVE-2021-27290: npm/ssri (https://doyensec.com/resources/Doyensec_Advisory_ssri_redos.pdf) (SRI parsing) CVE-2021-27291: pygments (https://github.com/pygments/pygments/commit/2e7e8c4a7b318f4032493773732754e418279a14) lexers for ADL, CADL, Ceylon, Evoque, Factor, Logos, Matlab, Octave, ODIN, Scilab & Varnish VCL (Syntax highlighting) CVE-2021-27292: ua-parser-js (https://github.com/faisalman/ua-parser-js/commit/809439e20e273ce0d25c1d04e111dcf6011eb566) (User-Agent header parsing) CVE-2021-27293: RestSharp (https://github.com/restsharp/RestSharp/issues/1556) (JSON deserialisation in a .NET C# package) bpo-38804: cpython's http.cookiejar (https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/17157) (Set-Cookie header parsing) SimpleCrawler (archived) (https://doyensec.com/resources/Doyensec_Advisory_simplecrawler_redos.pdf) (HTML parsing) CVE-2021-28092: is-svg (https://github.com/sindresorhus/is-svg/commit/01f8a087fab8a69c3ac9085fbb16035907ab6a5b) (SVG parsing) nuget.org, NuGetGallery (https://github.com/NuGet/NuGetGallery/commit/25d2d3b32b2d9f0b1ca6e0a105b0210c2c4820f4) and NuGet.Client (https://github.com/NuGet/NuGet.Client/commit/a0671e946ce71dc59def5cc8a67c6457d66f33bf) (Parsing NuGet package IDs) markdown (python) (https://github.com/Python-Markdown/markdown/pull/1130) (Markdown parsing) ansi-html (nodejs) (https://github.com/Tjatse/ansi-html/issues/19) (ANSI parsing) Plus unpublished bugs in a handful of pypi, npm, ruby and nuget packages
Credits

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hacking: security in practice
What’s the general consensus here on hak5 and omglol hardware?

Just for a bit of background but I’ll try not to make this too long. TL:DR at the bottom.

I’m completely new to both hacking and programming, despite having worked in I.T for most of my working life (~14 years - all of the tools I used were company created so I never had a reason to learn programming to a deep extent, but now I’ve got the interest and desire to understand).

Currently, I’m working through a Kali tools (I know, I know) course and Python course simultaneously. I have no intention on being a script kiddie and have a huge amount of languages that I want to learn once I start to have a decent understanding of Python as well as plan on getting into CTF challenges shortly.

What I think I will struggle with most is hardware and circuit board building, so I have been checking out hak5 tools and omglol cables.

Through some older threads on here, there have been mixed messages with some products being really decent and others being overpriced.

So from your perspective, are there any tools that either of these companies provide that are worthwhile? Which would you recommend building myself vs finding cheap alternatives for such as badUSB’s?

I’m interested in trying lots of different hardware to discover my own vibe/art/style as I learn languages and pen testing skills so don’t have a specific attack or setup in mind - I know that’s vague but I honestly want to try a bit of everything.

Just wanted to get the 2021 opinions, especially since some new and updated products recently came out. Appreciate your thoughts in advance and sorry for the ramble.

TL:DR - What hak5 and omglol hardware is worth it (if any), and what cheap alternatives should I consider without having to do too much fiddling on circuits?

submitted by /u/FlyingWithAnimals
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HTML Injection To Free Ticket Cyber Security Event

Hello everyone my name is Mohammad Alfin Hidayatullah, i am a junior bug hunter and i am from Indonesia.Continue reading on Medium »
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