The Hindu: 3/10/26
1) New EC portal: page 1
2) Buxa reserve : page 1
3) Multiple Indian payloads: page 5
4) Rescue act : page 6
5) Centre frame rules : page 8
6) India has no excess capacity: page 11
7) Gobardhan: page 11
The Indian Express: 3/10/26
1) Centre to resume appraising post : page 5
2) El Nino calls : page 8
3) Needed : A super El Niño Abhiyan : page 9
4) Decades without any big cats : page 10
5) Power demand: page 11
6) China build new off shore base : page 12
1) New EC portal: page 1
2) Buxa reserve : page 1
3) Multiple Indian payloads: page 5
4) Rescue act : page 6
5) Centre frame rules : page 8
6) India has no excess capacity: page 11
7) Gobardhan: page 11
The Indian Express: 3/10/26
1) Centre to resume appraising post : page 5
2) El Nino calls : page 8
3) Needed : A super El Niño Abhiyan : page 9
4) Decades without any big cats : page 10
5) Power demand: page 11
6) China build new off shore base : page 12
The Hindu: 4/10/26
1) In a first, 3D printed house : page 6
2) Rising child leprosy cases : page 11
3) Govt. Plans Centres of excellence in five classical languages: page 11
4) RBI chief : page 12
5) India's river interlinks may create invasive species highways : page 13
6) Stumbling around: page 13
The Indian Express: 4/10/26
1) Arrest powers in under GST regime : page 1
2) Deep inside Chattisgarh tiger reserve: page 8
3) A confrontation that reshaped the election commission: page 11
4) Despite near 100% electrification: page 11
1) In a first, 3D printed house : page 6
2) Rising child leprosy cases : page 11
3) Govt. Plans Centres of excellence in five classical languages: page 11
4) RBI chief : page 12
5) India's river interlinks may create invasive species highways : page 13
6) Stumbling around: page 13
The Indian Express: 4/10/26
1) Arrest powers in under GST regime : page 1
2) Deep inside Chattisgarh tiger reserve: page 8
3) A confrontation that reshaped the election commission: page 11
4) Despite near 100% electrification: page 11
The Hindu: 5/10/26
1) Going beyond advocacy : page 1
2) Two or three ?: page 6
3) The ECI's constitutional mandate: page 6
4) What does Trump's AI accord mean : page 9
5) EC releases vodeo of EROs : page 11
6) Mismatch in data : page 12
7) Tuvalu : page 20
The Indian Express: 5/10/26
1) Next Gen GST and India's next phase of growth: page 6
2) 2 captive bred Great Indian Bustards : page 8
3) In trade deal with US : page 10
4) The tussle over top post : page 13
5) From Giraffes to pandas : page 13
6) High decibel: page 14
1) Going beyond advocacy : page 1
2) Two or three ?: page 6
3) The ECI's constitutional mandate: page 6
4) What does Trump's AI accord mean : page 9
5) EC releases vodeo of EROs : page 11
6) Mismatch in data : page 12
7) Tuvalu : page 20
The Indian Express: 5/10/26
1) Next Gen GST and India's next phase of growth: page 6
2) 2 captive bred Great Indian Bustards : page 8
3) In trade deal with US : page 10
4) The tussle over top post : page 13
5) From Giraffes to pandas : page 13
6) High decibel: page 14
The Hindu: 6/10/26
1) SC distances itself from form 6 : page 1
2) Trio wins medicine Nobel for controlling neurons with light : page 1
3) Bird islands : page 6
4) Disabled citizens and the future of AI : page 7
5) Why is Buxa bringing tigers back ?: page 8
6) India, Switzerland to boost defence: page 10
7) Plea in SC asks if states can redraw wards : page 12
8) SEBI to partly reverse derivative settlement: page 13
The Indian Express: 6/10/26
1) GST process reforms: Economy page
2) Only 9% use public transport: Economy page
3) The knock on the Supreme Court’s door : page 10
4) From calling for peace: page 10
5) From India to global South: page 10
6) House privileges vs free speech: page 12
1) SC distances itself from form 6 : page 1
2) Trio wins medicine Nobel for controlling neurons with light : page 1
3) Bird islands : page 6
4) Disabled citizens and the future of AI : page 7
5) Why is Buxa bringing tigers back ?: page 8
6) India, Switzerland to boost defence: page 10
7) Plea in SC asks if states can redraw wards : page 12
8) SEBI to partly reverse derivative settlement: page 13
The Indian Express: 6/10/26
1) GST process reforms: Economy page
2) Only 9% use public transport: Economy page
3) The knock on the Supreme Court’s door : page 10
4) From calling for peace: page 10
5) From India to global South: page 10
6) House privileges vs free speech: page 12
The Hindu: 6/10/26
1) SC distances itself from form 6 : page 1
2) Trio wins medicine Nobel for controlling neurons with light : page 1
3) Bird islands : page 6
4) Disabled citizens and the future of AI : page 7
5) Why is Buxa bringing tigers back ?: page 8
6) India, Switzerland to boost defence: page 10
7) Plea in SC asks if states can redraw wards : page 12
8) SEBI to partly reverse derivative settlement: page 13
The Indian Express: 6/10/26
1) GST process reforms: Economy page
2) Only 9% use public transport: Economy page
3) The knock on the Supreme Court’s door : page 10
4) From calling for peace: page 10
5) From India to global South: page 10
6) House privileges vs free speech: page 12
1) SC distances itself from form 6 : page 1
2) Trio wins medicine Nobel for controlling neurons with light : page 1
3) Bird islands : page 6
4) Disabled citizens and the future of AI : page 7
5) Why is Buxa bringing tigers back ?: page 8
6) India, Switzerland to boost defence: page 10
7) Plea in SC asks if states can redraw wards : page 12
8) SEBI to partly reverse derivative settlement: page 13
The Indian Express: 6/10/26
1) GST process reforms: Economy page
2) Only 9% use public transport: Economy page
3) The knock on the Supreme Court’s door : page 10
4) From calling for peace: page 10
5) From India to global South: page 10
6) House privileges vs free speech: page 12
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2026 is awarded for optogenetics – a method that makes it possible to show how nerve cells shape memories, feelings and behaviours in the living brain.
Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel discovered a remarkable protein, channelrhodopsin, in a single-celled alga. Karl Deisseroth transformed the protein into a light-controlled switch for nerve cells.
The laureates have laid the foundation of a new era in neuroscience.
Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel discovered a remarkable protein, channelrhodopsin, in a single-celled alga. Karl Deisseroth transformed the protein into a light-controlled switch for nerve cells.
The laureates have laid the foundation of a new era in neuroscience.
#PT
1. Which of the following statement is not correct about „Ecotones‟.
1. An ecotone is an area or zone between two or more diverse communities.
2. The term ecotone cannot be applied to the transition zone between two biomes.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. Which of the following statement(s) is / are correct about „keystone species‟.
1. A small impact on keystone species could cause major disruption for the whole ecosystem but could cause minor disruption on whole biosphere.
2. A keystone species is a species that has disproportionate effect on its environment relative to its abundance.
3. An ecosystem may experience a dramatic shift if a keystone species is removed, even through that species is a small part of the ecosystem by measures of biomass or productivity.
Which of the above statement(s) is /are correct. (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
3. An interconnected food chain which forms a group which is called m
(a) Food recycling (b) Simple food chain (c) Energy pyramid (d) Food web
4. Define the term “Niche”.
(a) A place where that population lives. (b) A special geographical area that population live. (c) This term is used for natural resources. (d) The range of environmental condition within which the member of a given species can survive and reproduce.
5. Which of the following is the most productive ecosystem.
(a) Estuary (b) Coral reef (c) Mangrove (d) Pond
6. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched:
1. Mutation: In genefics it is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material usually DNA.
2. Mutagen: The changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form which may be transmitted to subsequent generation caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2
7. Lichens belong to
(a) Fungus and bacteria (b) Algae and fungus (c) Bacterium and algae (d) Virus and fungus
8. Which of the following is the part of „Acid Rain‟ component.
1. Sulphur dioxide
2. Nitrogen Oxides
3. Hydrocarbons 4. Methane (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1 and 2 (d) 2 and 3
9. What is “photochemical Smog”.
1. Complex mixture of air pollutants (oxidants) produced in the atmosphere by the reaction of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides under the influence of sunlight.
2. The most harmful photochemical oxidants are ozone(O3), Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and various aldehydes.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2
10. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched:
1. Pioneer Species: In primary succession on a terrestrial site, the plants, lichens and microbes that first colonize the site.
2. Predator: Organism that captures and feeds on parts or all of an organism of another species (the prey).
3. Scavenger: Organism that feed on living organism.
Which of the above statement(s) is /are correct. (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
1. Which of the following statement is not correct about „Ecotones‟.
1. An ecotone is an area or zone between two or more diverse communities.
2. The term ecotone cannot be applied to the transition zone between two biomes.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. Which of the following statement(s) is / are correct about „keystone species‟.
1. A small impact on keystone species could cause major disruption for the whole ecosystem but could cause minor disruption on whole biosphere.
2. A keystone species is a species that has disproportionate effect on its environment relative to its abundance.
3. An ecosystem may experience a dramatic shift if a keystone species is removed, even through that species is a small part of the ecosystem by measures of biomass or productivity.
Which of the above statement(s) is /are correct. (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
3. An interconnected food chain which forms a group which is called m
(a) Food recycling (b) Simple food chain (c) Energy pyramid (d) Food web
4. Define the term “Niche”.
(a) A place where that population lives. (b) A special geographical area that population live. (c) This term is used for natural resources. (d) The range of environmental condition within which the member of a given species can survive and reproduce.
5. Which of the following is the most productive ecosystem.
(a) Estuary (b) Coral reef (c) Mangrove (d) Pond
6. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched:
1. Mutation: In genefics it is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material usually DNA.
2. Mutagen: The changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form which may be transmitted to subsequent generation caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2
7. Lichens belong to
(a) Fungus and bacteria (b) Algae and fungus (c) Bacterium and algae (d) Virus and fungus
8. Which of the following is the part of „Acid Rain‟ component.
1. Sulphur dioxide
2. Nitrogen Oxides
3. Hydrocarbons 4. Methane (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1 and 2 (d) 2 and 3
9. What is “photochemical Smog”.
1. Complex mixture of air pollutants (oxidants) produced in the atmosphere by the reaction of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides under the influence of sunlight.
2. The most harmful photochemical oxidants are ozone(O3), Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and various aldehydes.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2
10. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched:
1. Pioneer Species: In primary succession on a terrestrial site, the plants, lichens and microbes that first colonize the site.
2. Predator: Organism that captures and feeds on parts or all of an organism of another species (the prey).
3. Scavenger: Organism that feed on living organism.
Which of the above statement(s) is /are correct. (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
https://t.me/gsDIAS
#AcidRain is a popular term for the atmospheric deposition of acidified rain, snow, sleet, hail, acidifying gases and particles, as well as acidified fog and cloud water. The increased acidity of these depositions, primarily from the strong acids, sulfuric and nitric, is generated as a by-product of the combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur or nitrogen, especially electrical utilities (power plants.)
The heating of homes, electricity production, and driving vehicles all rely primarily on fossil fuel energy. When fossil fuels are combusted, acid-forming nitrogen and sulfur oxides are released to the atmosphere. These compounds are transformed chemically in the atmosphere, often traveling thousands of kilometers from their original source, and then fall out on land and water surfaces as acid rain. As a result, pollutants from power plants in New Jersey, Ohio or Michigan can impact forests, rivers or lakes in less developed parts of New Hampshire or Maine.
Acid rain was discovered in 1963 in North America at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, in the White Mountains of New Hampshire at the initiation of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. The first sample of rain collected there had a pH of 3.7, some 80 times more acidic than unpolluted rain. Innovations for reducing fossil fuel emissions, such as scrubbers on the tall smoke stacks on power plants and factories, catalytic converters on automobiles, and use of low-sulfur coal, have been employed to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). As a result of increasing global economies, fossil fuel combustion is increasing around the world, with concomitant spread of acid rain, especially in areas such as China.
Precipitation chemistry
Several processes can result in the formation of acid deposition. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) released into the atmosphere from a variety of sources call fall to the Earth’s surface simply as dry deposition. This dry deposition can then be converted into acids when these deposited chemicals interact with water. Most wet acid deposition occurs when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are converted to nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) through oxidation and dissolution in the atmosphere. Wet deposition can also form when ammonia gas (NH3) from natural and agricultural sources is converted into ammonium (NH4).
The source of the acids in the atmosphere is largely the result of the combustion of fossil fuels that produce waste by-products including gases such as oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. Oxidized sulfur and nitrogen gases are acid precursors in the atmosphere. For example, SO2 reacts with water in the atmosphere to yield sulfuric acid:
SO2 + H2O + ½O2 = H2SO4
An analogous reaction of water with nitrogen oxides, symbolized as NOx, yields nitric acid (HNO3).
Ammonia (NH3) is a by-product of some natural processes, as well as agricultural sources (e.g., application of nitrogen-containing fertilizers; emissions from intensive animal feedlots, such as decomposition of organic matter). In its dissolved form, ammonium (NH4+) contributes acidity to surface waters through the process of nitrification.
In addition to wet deposition (rain, snow, and fog), acidic deposition includes the deposition of dry, particulate, and gaseous acid precursors that become acidic in contact with water. This dry deposition is difficult to quantify and expensive to measure. Inferential methods indicate that dry deposition represents 20% to 80% of the total deposition of acids to the landscape, depending on factors such as location, season, and total rainfall.
Acid rain is mostly caused by emission of sulphur, nitrogen and carbon which react with water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids
The biggest human activity causes of acid rain include coal-based power plants, factories and automobile emissions
It can also be caused by natural phenomena such as
- Lightning strikes (which splits nitrogen compounds)sulphur dioxide)
#AcidRain is a popular term for the atmospheric deposition of acidified rain, snow, sleet, hail, acidifying gases and particles, as well as acidified fog and cloud water. The increased acidity of these depositions, primarily from the strong acids, sulfuric and nitric, is generated as a by-product of the combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur or nitrogen, especially electrical utilities (power plants.)
The heating of homes, electricity production, and driving vehicles all rely primarily on fossil fuel energy. When fossil fuels are combusted, acid-forming nitrogen and sulfur oxides are released to the atmosphere. These compounds are transformed chemically in the atmosphere, often traveling thousands of kilometers from their original source, and then fall out on land and water surfaces as acid rain. As a result, pollutants from power plants in New Jersey, Ohio or Michigan can impact forests, rivers or lakes in less developed parts of New Hampshire or Maine.
Acid rain was discovered in 1963 in North America at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, in the White Mountains of New Hampshire at the initiation of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. The first sample of rain collected there had a pH of 3.7, some 80 times more acidic than unpolluted rain. Innovations for reducing fossil fuel emissions, such as scrubbers on the tall smoke stacks on power plants and factories, catalytic converters on automobiles, and use of low-sulfur coal, have been employed to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). As a result of increasing global economies, fossil fuel combustion is increasing around the world, with concomitant spread of acid rain, especially in areas such as China.
Precipitation chemistry
Several processes can result in the formation of acid deposition. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) released into the atmosphere from a variety of sources call fall to the Earth’s surface simply as dry deposition. This dry deposition can then be converted into acids when these deposited chemicals interact with water. Most wet acid deposition occurs when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are converted to nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) through oxidation and dissolution in the atmosphere. Wet deposition can also form when ammonia gas (NH3) from natural and agricultural sources is converted into ammonium (NH4).
The source of the acids in the atmosphere is largely the result of the combustion of fossil fuels that produce waste by-products including gases such as oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. Oxidized sulfur and nitrogen gases are acid precursors in the atmosphere. For example, SO2 reacts with water in the atmosphere to yield sulfuric acid:
SO2 + H2O + ½O2 = H2SO4
An analogous reaction of water with nitrogen oxides, symbolized as NOx, yields nitric acid (HNO3).
Ammonia (NH3) is a by-product of some natural processes, as well as agricultural sources (e.g., application of nitrogen-containing fertilizers; emissions from intensive animal feedlots, such as decomposition of organic matter). In its dissolved form, ammonium (NH4+) contributes acidity to surface waters through the process of nitrification.
In addition to wet deposition (rain, snow, and fog), acidic deposition includes the deposition of dry, particulate, and gaseous acid precursors that become acidic in contact with water. This dry deposition is difficult to quantify and expensive to measure. Inferential methods indicate that dry deposition represents 20% to 80% of the total deposition of acids to the landscape, depending on factors such as location, season, and total rainfall.
Acid rain is mostly caused by emission of sulphur, nitrogen and carbon which react with water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids
The biggest human activity causes of acid rain include coal-based power plants, factories and automobile emissions
It can also be caused by natural phenomena such as
- Lightning strikes (which splits nitrogen compounds)sulphur dioxide)
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IAS
DIAS-GS
Natural (unpolluted) rain is slightly acidic with pH of 5.2 due to the reaction of carbon dioxide with water to produce carbonic acid
Acid rain has many adverse effects including
- Damage to aquatic animals
- Damage to soil chemistry by killing off essential microbes
- Loss of forests and vegetation
- Human illnesses such as cancer, asthma and other diseases
- Damage to buildings and historical monuments (esp. those made of limestone and marble)
Acid rain has many adverse effects including
- Damage to aquatic animals
- Damage to soil chemistry by killing off essential microbes
- Loss of forests and vegetation
- Human illnesses such as cancer, asthma and other diseases
- Damage to buildings and historical monuments (esp. those made of limestone and marble)