Topic: Multi-compartment models - Two-compartment open model. IV bolus Kinetics of multiple dosing, steady state drug levels, calculation of loading and maintenance doses and their significance in clinical settings.
2. The one-compartment model assumes that the body acts as:
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16%
A) A series of compartments
70%
B) A uniform system where drug distribution is instantaneous
9%
C) A physiological network of organs
4%
D) A multi-phase elimination system
3. Which of the following is an advantage of compartment models in pharmacokinetics?
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9%
A) Accounts for physiological variability
67%
B) Provides simple mathematical representation of drug behavior
13%
C) Directly correlates with drug action
10%
D) Eliminates the need for experimental studies
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4. In a one-compartment open model, elimination follows which type of kinetics?
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47%
A) First-order kinetics
31%
B) Zero-order kinetics
19%
C) Michaelis-Menten kinetics
3%
D) Non-linear kinetics
5. What is the primary route of drug elimination in the body?
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5%
A) Lungs
78%
B) Kidneys
11%
C) Skin
6%
D) Saliva
6. Which of the following pharmacokinetic parameters represents the volume of distribution?
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5%
A) Ke
83%
B) Vd
6%
C) Cl
5%
D) AUC
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7. The elimination rate constant (Ke) is calculated using which equation?
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45%
A) Ke = 0.693/t1/2
20%
B) Ke = AUC × Dose
30%
C) Ke = Cl × Vd
5%
D) Ke = Tmax × Cmax
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8. The half-life (t1/2) of a drug is dependent on which of the following?
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5%
A) Drug formulation
16%
B) Route of administration
77%
C) Clearance and volume of distribution
2%
D) Body temperature
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9. Area Under the Curve (AUC) is used to measure:
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37%
A) Rate of drug absorption
44%
B) Extent of drug absorption
15%
C) Drug clearance
3%
D) Drug excretion
10. Which of the following parameters is used to determine drug clearance (Cl)?
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10%
A) Cl = Ke × AUC
50%
B) Cl = Vd × Ke
26%
C) Cl = AUC / Dose
14%
D) Cl = t1/2 × AUC
11. A drug with a high volume of distribution (Vd) is likely to:
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10%
A) Stay in the bloodstream
73%
B) Distribute widely into tissues
10%
C) Be rapidly excreted
8%
D) Have a short half-life
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12. What is the key characteristic of intravenous bolus administration?
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10%
A) Slow release over time
51%
B) Immediate and complete absorption
35%
C) Metabolism before reaching systemic circulation
4%
D) Drug accumulation in fat tissues
13. Which factor influences the bioavailability of a drug?
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11%
A) Metabolism in the liver
7%
B) Water solubility
5%
C) Drug particle size
76%
D) All of the above
14. Which pharmacokinetic model considers actual physiological processes?
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19%
A) One-compartment model
31%
B) Two-compartment model
45%
C) Physiological model
5%
D) Non-compartment model
15. Which drug administration route avoids first-pass metabolism?
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14%
A) Oral
70%
B) Intravenous
11%
C) Rectal
5%
D) Subcutaneous
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16. Which pharmacokinetic process primarily follows first-order kinetics?
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50%
A) Drug absorption
30%
B) Drug elimination
13%
C) Drug distribution
6%
D) Drug metabolism
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17. What is the primary advantage of intravenous infusion over bolus injection?
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4%
A) Slower drug clearance
39%
B) Higher bioavailability
54%
C) Maintains a steady drug concentration
3%
D) Increased drug metabolism
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18. Which factor increases renal drug clearance?
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54%
A) Increased renal blood flow
12%
B) Decreased urine pH
25%
C) High plasma protein binding
9%
D) Increased drug lipophilicity
19. The area under the curve (AUC) is mainly used to assess which pharmacokinetic property?
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45%
A) Bioavailability
29%
B) Drug elimination rate
11%
C) Drug-protein binding
15%
D) Volume of distribution
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20. Which parameter determines how quickly a drug is removed from the body?
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53%
A) Clearance (Cl)
20%
B) Volume of distribution (Vd)
11%
C) Absorption rate constant (Ka)
15%
D) Half-life (t1/2)
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