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دكتوره هذا ملخص محاضرات الهيماتو فصل اول
فقط ال hemoglobinopathy ما موجود وكذلك سوالف نقل الدم

محاضرات د. حيدر بالفاينل اجت تكرار من المد

1.Patient on NSAIDs or antibiotics + pyuria fever + rash + eosinophilia + negative culture → AIN (Acute Interstitial Nephritis)

2.Fever + flank pain + pyuria + positive urine culture → Acute Pyelonephritis

3. ICU patient + hypotension + muddy brown granular casts → ATN

4.Elderly patient + N\V + bland urine + hyaline casts → Prerenal AKI

5.Sepsis patient + ↑ WBCs + AKI → Intrinsic AKI (ATN likely)

6. Hx of truma + hyperkalemia + hypocalcemia + ↑ phosphate → Muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis) AKI →next CK

#Case_M

1. anemia + AKI + normal coag profile → MM or HUS (Hx of infection + nephro )/TTP( nephro + neuro)

2. Coagulation profile abnormal + thrombocytopenia + AKI → DIC

3. Low BUN + low Cr + malnutrition/liver disease → Misleading AKI

4. Bodybuilder + ↑ Cr + normal BUN → Pseudo-AKI from muscle mass

5. Bilateral flank pain + anuria, hydronephrosis on US → Postrenal AKI → Percutaneous nephrostomy

ATN :
A. Patient given IV contrast + creatinine spikes on day 3 + Non-oliguric → Radiocontrast-induced ATN

B. Massive hemolysis + anemia + dark urine, AKI → Heme pigment ATN

C. CKD patient + tenofovir → Fanconi like syndrome (ATN)

#Case_M

النقطة الخامسة اجتنه (المنجمنت)
ومالت الIV contrast كذلك …

اسئلة الCKD تجي من ذني السلايدين…
A. Stage 3 CKD = GFR (60-30)
B. Most common cause of CKD = DM
C. Electrolytes (MCQ): ↑ K+, ↓ Ca, ↑ Phos, metabolic acidosis

AKI

اهم الافكار الي تنسالون بيها عن ال CKD …
اهم شي تركزون ع المنجمنت والنقطة الرابعة والسادسة ،

1. CKD + fatigue + normocytic anemia
(EPO deficiency) → Erythropoietin + iron

2. CKD + prolonged bleeding despite normal platelet (Uremic bleeding) → Desmopressin

3. CKD + low calcium + high phosphate + elevated PTH → Calcitriol + calcium

4. CKD + hypercalcemia,
+ hyperphosphatemia + low PTH (Adynamic bone disease) → Sevelamer, stop Vit D

5. Advanced CKD + persistent itching + dry skin (Uremic pruritus) → Emollients ± gabapentin

6. CKD + confusion + insomnia + tremor (Uremic encephalopathy) → Immediate Dialysis

7. Metabolic acidosis in CKD + normal anion gap → Bicarbonate

8. CKD + hyperkalemia on ACEi oliguria or constipation→ K+ binder, stop drug

9. CKD + elevated LDL + cardiovascular risk (Dyslipidemia)→ Statin

10. CKD + insulin resistance + fluctuating glucose→ Reduce insulin
#Case_M