3.3 - Spelling Variations - an overview 

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3.3.1 - Stem Endings in -d or -t

There are some German verbs where the stem ends in -d or -t. It would be difficult to pronounce the -st endings for du and the -t ending for er/sie/es and ihr *if -st or -t was directly added to the stem. This is why an -e is put before these endings;

1⃣ arbeiten (infinitive) -> arbeit (stem) -> du arbeitest (finite verb)
2⃣ kosten (infinitive) -> kost (stem) -> es kostet (finite verb)
3⃣ reden (infinitive) -> red (stem) -> ihr redet (finite verb)
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du arbeitst ❌
du arbeitest ✅

es kost ❌
es kostet ✅

ihr redt ❌
ihr redet ✅
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3.3.2 - Verb such as atmen and regnen

Verbs such as atmen and regnen, where the stem ends in a consonant + n or m, also need additional -e.

1⃣atmen (infinitive) -> atm (stem) -> du atmest (finite verb)
2⃣ regnen (infinitive) -> regn (stem) -> es regnet (finitive verb)

3.3.3 Only du, er/sie/es, and ihr are affected
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The extra e is added only with the endings for du, er/sie/es and ihr; it does not affect the other verb forms.

ich arbeite
du arbeitest
er/sie/es arbeitet
wir arbeiten
ihr arbeitet
Sie/sie arbeiten

3.3.4 - Stem Endings in -s,-ss, -ß, -x, -z, -tz

Normally the verb ending for du is st, but if the verb stem ends in s, ss or ß, add a t as the verb ending for du.

3.4 - Irregular Verbs with Vowel Changes

There is a group of German verbs where the vowel in the stem changes in the present tense. These changes apply only in the du and er/sie/es forms. None of the other endings is affected. Here are examples in some frequently used verbs;

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number exercise in german
🦉: : @sunoichinotes

🎲 Quiz 'Kein Oder Nicht?'
🖊 20 questions · ⏱ 30 sec

📌 Body Parts
1. der Arm ⏩ arm
2. das Bein⏩ leg
3. der Hals ⏩ neck
4. der Bauch ⏩ belly
5. der Kopf ⏩ head
6. das Gesicht ⏩ face
7. der Rücken ⏩ back
8. die Hand ⏩ hand
9. der Ellenbogen ⏩ elbow

📌 Animals
1. die Katze ⏩ cat
2. das Nashorn ⏩ rhino
3. das Flusspferd ⏩ hippo
4. das Krokodil ⏩ crocodile
5. das Kaninchen ⏩ rabbit
6. das Kamel ⏩ camel
7. das Hühnchen ⏩ chicken
8. das Huhn ⏩ chicken
9. das Haustier ⏩ pet
10. das Eichhörnchen ⏩ squirrel