12. Why use <blockquote> in HTML?
Anonymous Quiz
0%
A) Highlight large text
100%
B) Display long quoted content from another source
0%
C) Add bold text
0%
D) Create tables
13. What happens if you forget to close a <p> tag?
Anonymous Quiz
38%
A) The browser ignores all following content
0%
B) It breaks the entire page
54%
C) The browser automatically closes it, but structure may be affected
8%
D) It creates a new line
14. What is the main purpose of <aside>?
Anonymous Quiz
0%
A) Add audio files
100%
B) Display unrelated side content, like advertisements or links
0%
C) Style buttons
0%
D) Add a footer
15. Which HTML element defines navigation links?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
A) <navigation>
85%
B) <nav>
8%
C) <menu>
0%
D) <links>
🎨 Week 2 Day 1: Introduction to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
💡 Topic:
What is CSS? Why It Matters, How It Works.
🎯 Goal:
➡️Understand the basics of CSS,
➡️how to apply styles to HTML,
➡️ and try your first styles.
🌍 Welcome Back to Fullstack Summer Camp!
You survived HTML week — now let’s make those plain web pages look awesome using CSS!
Imagine HTML as building a house: walls, rooms, and windows. CSS is painting, decorating, adding curtains, choosing colors, shapes, and sizes.
✅ 1️⃣ What is CSS?
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
It’s a language that tells the browser how things should look on a web page. >
HTML = Structure >
CSS = Style / Design
Example:<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
Without CSS → Looks plain.
With CSS → You can change:
➤Color
➤Font
➤Size
➤Spacing
➤Borders
➤Background
✅ 2️⃣ How to Add CSS to HTML
There are 3 main ways:
a) Inline CSS (inside an HTML tag)
<p style="color: red;">Hello!</p> 👉 Used for very small, one-time changes. Not recommended for full websites.
b) Internal CSS (inside <style> in the HTML file)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
p {
color: blue;
font-size: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is blue text!</p>
</body>
</html> 👉 Good for small projects. Easy for practice.
c) External CSS (linked as a separate file)
HTML file:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"> style.css file:
p {
color: green;
} 👉 Best practice for real websites. Keeps things organized!
✅ 3️⃣ CSS Selectors: How CSS Targets HTML
Basic Rule Format:
selector {
property: value;
} Selector → Which element (like p, h1, or a class)
Property → What to change (like color, size)
Value → How you want it (red, 20px)
We can:
➤select by type/element:
P, h1, h3, img , span ....
p {
color: blue;}
➤select by class
We use " . "before the name of the class.
Html➺
<p class="highlight">Don't forget this</p>
css➺
.highlight {
background-color:yellow;}
➤select by ID
We use "#" before ID name
Html➺
<button id="main">click</button>
css➺
#main {
background-color: green;}
➤you can also target elements that are inside (nested)
➺Html
<div>
<h2>Menu Today</h2>
<p>We have coffee and tea.</p>
</div>
<h2>Thank You</h2>
➺Css
div h2 {
color: orange;
}
✅ 4️⃣ Common Properties with Examples
1. Color
h1 {
color: purple; } 2. Background Color
body {
background-color: lightgray; } 3. Font Size
p {
font-size: 18px; } 4. Font Family
p {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif; } 5. Text Align
h2 {
text-align: center; } 6. Width and Height
7. Borderdiv {
width: 300px;
height: 150px;
background-color: yellow; }
p {
border: 2px solid black; } 8. Padding (space inside element) and Margin(space outside element)
div {
padding: 20px;
margin: 30px; } 9. border-radius:
Rounds corners
img {
border-radius: 10px; }
10. box-shadow:
Adds shadow around boxes
div {
box-shadow: 2px 2px 8px gray; }
11. opacity:
Makes things transparent
img {
opacity: 0.8; }
12. cursor:
Changes mouse cursor
button {
cursor: pointer; }
13. text-decoration: (underline)
a {
text-decoration: none; }
14. display:
Controls layout
div {15.position:
display : block; }
span {
display: inline; }
Controls exact placement
div {✅ 5️⃣ Combining Multiple Properties
position: absolute;
top: 10px;
left: 20px; }
✅ 6️⃣ Real Life Analogyp {
color: white;
background-color: black;
font-size: 20px;
text-align: justify; }
Think of CSS as designing your injera restaurant menu:
The structure is the menu paper (HTML)
The font color, layout, and sizes are CSS.
When someone looks at it, they notice the style first!
✅ 7⃣ Summary
✔️ CSS = Design and Style
✔️ 3 Ways to add CSS (Inline, Internal, External)
✔️ Use selectors + properties
✔️ Common styles: color, background, font-size, width, border
#Week2 #Day1 #Css #introductionCss #lesson
Assignment:
Adding css➤
https://youtu.be/uzF1Doc3cZQ?si=wpeZYkJgrjEoiLMI
Fonts
➤https://youtu.be/MnyCbILmtOY?si=SJc39ucr29EYGwyr
Colors
➤https://youtu.be/LwbKb2J8iy8?si=dS_qmuBZF5Y7i596
Borders
➤https://youtu.be/pkNdQ7TmxIw?si=EyfEaWAV8fiqW_5d
Margin
➤https://youtu.be/rBWA_t-KnKk?si=0v65S6nUwXrmhF6V
Display
➤https://youtu.be/9T8uxp5hQ60?si=bXQ_P7Z55Yodre9Y
#Week2 #Day1 #Css #introductionCss #resources
Adding css➤
https://youtu.be/uzF1Doc3cZQ?si=wpeZYkJgrjEoiLMI
Fonts
➤https://youtu.be/MnyCbILmtOY?si=SJc39ucr29EYGwyr
Colors
➤https://youtu.be/LwbKb2J8iy8?si=dS_qmuBZF5Y7i596
Borders
➤https://youtu.be/pkNdQ7TmxIw?si=EyfEaWAV8fiqW_5d
Margin
➤https://youtu.be/rBWA_t-KnKk?si=0v65S6nUwXrmhF6V
Display
➤https://youtu.be/9T8uxp5hQ60?si=bXQ_P7Z55Yodre9Y
#Week2 #Day1 #Css #introductionCss #resources
YouTube
Get started with CSS in 8 minutes! 🎨
#CSS #tutorial #course
CSS tutorial example explained inline internal external
00:00:00 introduction
00:00:26 inline
00:01:46 internal
00:03:05 external
00:04:27 id
00:05:26 class
00:06:29 linking more than 1 document
00:07:40 conclusion
CSS tutorial example explained inline internal external
00:00:00 introduction
00:00:26 inline
00:01:46 internal
00:03:05 external
00:04:27 id
00:05:26 class
00:06:29 linking more than 1 document
00:07:40 conclusion
💪 Week 2 Day 1 Challenges: Css
Today’s task isn’t about writing a new HTML page —
Instead, we’ll go back to all the HTML files we already created (restaurant page, bookstore, scholarship form, cover page...) and add CSS styles using what we learned so far!
✅ What to do:
1️⃣ Open all your old HTML pages.
2️⃣ Apply as many CSS styles as possible:
➺Colors
➺Font sizes
➺Borders
➺Backgrounds
➺Padding and margins
➺Div layout and positioning
➺Media elements (images/videos) styling
3️⃣ Use external or internal CSS (not inline only!).
4️⃣ Make them clean, readable, and stylish.
✅ Reminder:
Use all methods we learned — even the selectors like:
div p {} or ul li {} or classes and IDs.
🔥 When You Finish:
➤ Share screenshots or code samples in the group.
➤ Invite your friends to join and learn with us.
➤ ✌️Stay well and keep practicing!
#Week2 #Day1 #Css #introductionCss #challenge
Today’s task isn’t about writing a new HTML page —
Instead, we’ll go back to all the HTML files we already created (restaurant page, bookstore, scholarship form, cover page...) and add CSS styles using what we learned so far!
✅ What to do:
1️⃣ Open all your old HTML pages.
2️⃣ Apply as many CSS styles as possible:
➺Colors
➺Font sizes
➺Borders
➺Backgrounds
➺Padding and margins
➺Div layout and positioning
➺Media elements (images/videos) styling
3️⃣ Use external or internal CSS (not inline only!).
4️⃣ Make them clean, readable, and stylish.
✅ Reminder:
Use all methods we learned — even the selectors like:
div p {} or ul li {} or classes and IDs.
🔥 When You Finish:
➤ Share screenshots or code samples in the group.
➤ Invite your friends to join and learn with us.
➤ ✌️Stay well and keep practicing!
#Week2 #Day1 #Css #introductionCss #challenge
📚 Week 2 Day 2: CSS Intermediate — Layout, Selectors, and Rules
🎯 Topics for Today:
1️⃣ Pseudo Classes and Elements
2️⃣ Sibling Combinators: ., >, +, ~
3️⃣ Box Model Deep Dive
4️⃣ Margin, Border, Padding — Full Control
5️⃣ CSS Conflicts: Cascading, Source, Specificity, Inheritance
✅ 1️⃣ Pseudo Classes and Elements
➤ What Are They?
They target specific states or parts of elements.
✨ Pseudo Classes Examples:
➡️ :hover
→ When mouse is over.
➝Imagine a button in an app , when you hover your mouse over it , the color changes.
➡️ :focus → When an input is active/selected.
➡️ :first-child → First element inside parent.
➡️ :nth-child(2) → Second child.
✨ Pseudo Elements Examples:
➝they are used when you want to add decoration with out changing the html
➡️ ::before
➡️ ::after
➡️ ::first-letter
✅ 2️⃣ Sibling Combinators in CSS
➤ Why Use Them?
To style elements based on their position relative to others. This helps you control exactly where and when styles apply.
✔️ Examples:
➡️ .class1 .class2 {} — Any .class2 inside .class1.
➡️ > (Child Selector)
Only selects direct children, not grand children 😁
➡️ + (Adjacent Sibling Selector)
Selects the very next <p> after <h1>.
➡️ ~ (General Sibling Selector)
Selects all following siblings.
✅ 3️⃣ Box Model Deep Dive
All HTML elements have:
➝Content = what's written/shown
→ Padding = space inside box , around content
→ Border = the edge of the box
→ Margin = space outside the box , around other boxes
➤ Display Types
✔️ display: block;
✔️ display: inline;
✔️ display: inline-block;
✅ Example:
➤ Box Sizing
✔️ box-sizing: content-box; (default , width doesn't include padding or border)
✔️ box-sizing: border-box; (includes padding + border)
✅ Example:
✅ 4️⃣ Margin, Border, Padding — Sides
You can control:
margin-top
margin-bottom
margin-left
margin-right
✅ Example:
Or shorthand:
✅ 5️⃣ CSS Conflicts: Cascading, Source, Specificity, Inheritance
When two styles target the same thing, which one wins?
➤ Cascading Order
Inline styles (strongest)
Internal CSS (in <style> tags)
External CSS (weakest)
➤ Specificity
More specific selectors override simpler ones.
3⃣type selectors(p, img, div)==weak
2⃣class selectors(.highleight, .topic)==stronger
1⃣ID selectors (#main, #sec)==Strongest
➤ Source Order
The last rule in the CSS file usually wins if specificity is equal.
➤ Inheritance
Some properties like color, font-family, line-height inherit from parent.
But layout properties like margin, padding , border don’t.
✅ 6️⃣ Quick Summary Checklist
✔️ Pseudo Classes = :hover, :first-child, :nth-child()
✔️ Pseudo Elements = ::before, ::after
✔️ Sibling Selectors = >, +, ~
✔️ Box Model = Padding, Border, Margin
✔️ CSS Conflicts = Understand specificity, cascade, inheritance
#Week2 #Day2 #Css #CssLayout #lesson
🎯 Topics for Today:
1️⃣ Pseudo Classes and Elements
2️⃣ Sibling Combinators: ., >, +, ~
3️⃣ Box Model Deep Dive
4️⃣ Margin, Border, Padding — Full Control
5️⃣ CSS Conflicts: Cascading, Source, Specificity, Inheritance
✅ 1️⃣ Pseudo Classes and Elements
➤ What Are They?
They target specific states or parts of elements.
✨ Pseudo Classes Examples:
➡️ :hover
→ When mouse is over.
➝Imagine a button in an app , when you hover your mouse over it , the color changes.
button:hover {
background-color: yellow; } ➡️ :focus → When an input is active/selected.
input:focus {
border-color: blue; }
➡️ :first-child → First element inside parent.
ul li:first-child {
color: red; } ➡️ :nth-child(2) → Second child.
p:nth-child(2) {
font-weight: bold; } ✨ Pseudo Elements Examples:
➝they are used when you want to add decoration with out changing the html
➡️ ::before
p::before {
content: "👉 "; }
➡️ ::after
p::after {
content: " ✅"; } ➡️ ::first-letter
p::first-letter {
font-size: 30px; } ✅ 2️⃣ Sibling Combinators in CSS
➤ Why Use Them?
To style elements based on their position relative to others. This helps you control exactly where and when styles apply.
✔️ Examples:
➡️ .class1 .class2 {} — Any .class2 inside .class1.
div p {
color: green; }
➡️ > (Child Selector)
div > p {
color: blue; } Only selects direct children, not grand children 😁
➡️ + (Adjacent Sibling Selector)
h1 + p {
color: orange; } Selects the very next <p> after <h1>.
➡️ ~ (General Sibling Selector)
h1 ~ p {
color: purple; } Selects all following siblings.
✅ 3️⃣ Box Model Deep Dive
All HTML elements have:
➝Content = what's written/shown
→ Padding = space inside box , around content
→ Border = the edge of the box
→ Margin = space outside the box , around other boxes
➤ Display Types
✔️ display: block;
✔️ display: inline;
✔️ display: inline-block;
✅ Example:
span {
display: block; } ➤ Box Sizing
✔️ box-sizing: content-box; (default , width doesn't include padding or border)
✔️ box-sizing: border-box; (includes padding + border)
✅ Example:
div {
width: 200px;
padding: 20px;
box-sizing: border-box; }
✅ 4️⃣ Margin, Border, Padding — Sides
You can control:
margin-top
margin-bottom
margin-left
margin-right
✅ Example:
div {
margin-top: 20px;
margin-right: 10px;
border: 2px solid black;
padding: 15px; }
Or shorthand:
margin: 20px 10px 15px 5px; /* Top, Right, Bottom, Left */ ✅ 5️⃣ CSS Conflicts: Cascading, Source, Specificity, Inheritance
When two styles target the same thing, which one wins?
➤ Cascading Order
Inline styles (strongest)
Internal CSS (in <style> tags)
External CSS (weakest)
➤ Specificity
More specific selectors override simpler ones.
3⃣type selectors(p, img, div)==weak
2⃣class selectors(.highleight, .topic)==stronger
1⃣ID selectors (#main, #sec)==Strongest
➤ Source Order
The last rule in the CSS file usually wins if specificity is equal.
➤ Inheritance
Some properties like color, font-family, line-height inherit from parent.
But layout properties like margin, padding , border don’t.
✅ 6️⃣ Quick Summary Checklist
✔️ Pseudo Classes = :hover, :first-child, :nth-child()
✔️ Pseudo Elements = ::before, ::after
✔️ Sibling Selectors = >, +, ~
✔️ Box Model = Padding, Border, Margin
✔️ CSS Conflicts = Understand specificity, cascade, inheritance
#Week2 #Day2 #Css #CssLayout #lesson
Assignment :
➤pseudo classes
https://youtu.be/Nrsy_2ogRfQ?si=dKtM_vb_cLt_JM8Q
➤pseudo elements
https://youtu.be/_LxYNxeWpBo?si=KlUEPdiRLDa0jpoY
➤nav-bar
https://youtu.be/f3uCSh6LIY0?si=44Yh4TVl8IB19ybn
#Week2 #Day2 #Css #CssLayout #resources
➤pseudo classes
https://youtu.be/Nrsy_2ogRfQ?si=dKtM_vb_cLt_JM8Q
➤pseudo elements
https://youtu.be/_LxYNxeWpBo?si=KlUEPdiRLDa0jpoY
➤nav-bar
https://youtu.be/f3uCSh6LIY0?si=44Yh4TVl8IB19ybn
#Week2 #Day2 #Css #CssLayout #resources
YouTube
Learn CSS pseudo-classes in 7 minutes! ☟
#css #course #tutorial
CSS pseudo classes hover link active tutorial example explained
CSS pseudo classes hover link active tutorial example explained
🎨Week 2 Day 2 Challenges:
💻 Today’s CSS Styling Challenge!
From all the HTML projects we did before —
✅ Cover Page
✅ Restaurant Website
✅ Bookstore Catalog
✅ Scholarship Application Form
👉 Now it’s time to make them look beautiful using today’s CSS lessons!
🔧 What to Include:
✨ 🎯 Style all lists and menus → Add background colors, borders, padding, spacing!
✨ 🎯 Use Flexbox to arrange sections → Menus, book items, form fields neatly side by side or centered.
✨ 🎯 Add borders, margins, and boxes → Around each important section (like menus, profile pictures, buttons).
✨ 🎯 Apply hover effects → Change button colors, link styles when someone moves their mouse over them.
✨ 🎯 Use pseudo-elements like ::before and ::after for decoration!
✨ 🎯 Try sibling combinators → Arrange things depending on position (like styling every <p> after <h1>).
✨ 🎯 Control the box model → Use margin, padding, width, and height smartly.
🌟 💡 Bonus Reminder: Use even the tags or methods we might have forgotten to mention before.
👉 Be creative — mix colors, shapes, and layouts!
📸 ✅ When You’re Done:
➤ Share screenshots or the code in the group!
➤ Invite your friends to join Fullstack Summer Camp 💻🔥
➤✌️ Stay well, enjoy your styling, and see you tomorrow! ✨
#Week2 #Day2 #Css #CssLayout #challenge
💻 Today’s CSS Styling Challenge!
From all the HTML projects we did before —
✅ Cover Page
✅ Restaurant Website
✅ Bookstore Catalog
✅ Scholarship Application Form
👉 Now it’s time to make them look beautiful using today’s CSS lessons!
🔧 What to Include:
✨ 🎯 Style all lists and menus → Add background colors, borders, padding, spacing!
✨ 🎯 Use Flexbox to arrange sections → Menus, book items, form fields neatly side by side or centered.
✨ 🎯 Add borders, margins, and boxes → Around each important section (like menus, profile pictures, buttons).
✨ 🎯 Apply hover effects → Change button colors, link styles when someone moves their mouse over them.
✨ 🎯 Use pseudo-elements like ::before and ::after for decoration!
✨ 🎯 Try sibling combinators → Arrange things depending on position (like styling every <p> after <h1>).
✨ 🎯 Control the box model → Use margin, padding, width, and height smartly.
🌟 💡 Bonus Reminder: Use even the tags or methods we might have forgotten to mention before.
👉 Be creative — mix colors, shapes, and layouts!
📸 ✅ When You’re Done:
➤ Share screenshots or the code in the group!
➤ Invite your friends to join Fullstack Summer Camp 💻🔥
➤✌️ Stay well, enjoy your styling, and see you tomorrow! ✨
#Week2 #Day2 #Css #CssLayout #challenge
📚 WEEK 2 DAY 3: CSS DEEP STYLING
🎨 Topic: Backgrounds, CSS Units, Replaced Elements
============================================
✅ 1️⃣ BACKGROUND PROPERTIES IN CSS
👉 Why background matters: It sets the mood and layout of your web page.
Think of it like painting your restaurant walls, putting posters up, or setting up banners.
------------------------------------------
🔸 1.1 background-image:
Adds an image as a background.
Example:
🔸 1.2 background-repeat:
Controls if and how the image repeats.
Options: repeat, no-repeat, repeat-x, repeat-y.
Example:
🔸 1.3 background-size:
Controls image size in the background.
Options:
- auto
- cover (fills the whole area)
- contain (makes sure the full image shows)
Example:
🔸 1.4 background-position:
Where the background starts from.
Example:
🔸 1.5 background-attachment:
Controls scrolling behavior.
- scroll (default)
- fixed (image stays while content scrolls)
Example:
🔸 1.6 background-gradient:
Uses two or more colors as background without images.
Examples:
=====================================
✅ 2️⃣ CSS UNITS + MEASUREMENTS
Units help make things the right size.
🔸 2.1 px: Pixels
- Fixed unit. Small screens might look too big/small. It is not responsive.
Example:
🔸 2.2 em: Relative to parent element
Example:
🔸 2.3 rem: Relative to root element
- Keeps sizes consistent across page.
Example:
🔸 2.4 % (Percentage)
Width or height relative to parent.
Example:
🔸 2.5 vh & vw (Viewport height/width)
- 1vh = 1% of viewport height.
- 1vw = 1% of viewport width.
Example:
🔸 2.6 min-width / max-width
Limits size changes.
Example:
🔸 2.7 overflow
Controls content that goes outside the box.
Options:
- visible
- hidden
- scroll
- auto
Example:
🔸 2.8 object-fit
Applies to <img>, <video>, etc.
Options: cover, contain, fill, none.
Example:
------------------------------------------
🔸 2.9 COLORS (FUNCTIONS + SYSTEMS)
✅ rgb():
color: rgb(255, 0, 0);
✅ rgba(): (With transparency)
color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5);
✅ hsl(): (Hue, Saturation, Lightness)
color: hsl(120, 100%, 50%);
✅ hsla():
color: hsla(120, 100%, 50%, 0.3);
✅ hwb(), lab(), lch():
Advanced color systems for modern browsers. Mostly for professional design systems.
===============================
✅ 3️⃣ REPLACED ELEMENTS: Styling
Replaced elements = Content controlled by the browser but styled by CSS.
Examples:
- <img>
- <video>
- <input>
- <iframe>
- <table>
🔸 3.1 Styling Images
🔸 3.2 Styling Videos
🔸 3.3 Styling Forms (Inputs, Buttons)
🎨 Topic: Backgrounds, CSS Units, Replaced Elements
============================================
✅ 1️⃣ BACKGROUND PROPERTIES IN CSS
👉 Why background matters: It sets the mood and layout of your web page.
Think of it like painting your restaurant walls, putting posters up, or setting up banners.
------------------------------------------
🔸 1.1 background-image:
Adds an image as a background.
Example:
body {
background-image: url("coffee.jpg");
}
🔸 1.2 background-repeat:
Controls if and how the image repeats.
Options: repeat, no-repeat, repeat-x, repeat-y.
Example:
div {
background-image: url("pattern.png");
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
🔸 1.3 background-size:
Controls image size in the background.
Options:
- auto
- cover (fills the whole area)
- contain (makes sure the full image shows)
Example:
div {
background-image: url("sunset.jpg");
background-size: cover;
}
🔸 1.4 background-position:
Where the background starts from.
Example:
div {
background-position: center center;
}
🔸 1.5 background-attachment:
Controls scrolling behavior.
- scroll (default)
- fixed (image stays while content scrolls)
Example:
body {
background-image: url("forest.jpg");
background-attachment: fixed;
}
🔸 1.6 background-gradient:
Uses two or more colors as background without images.
Examples:
div {
background: linear-gradient(to right, red, blue);
}
div {
background: radial-gradient(circle, yellow, green, blue);
}
=====================================
✅ 2️⃣ CSS UNITS + MEASUREMENTS
Units help make things the right size.
🔸 2.1 px: Pixels
- Fixed unit. Small screens might look too big/small. It is not responsive.
Example:
p {
font-size: 16px;
}
🔸 2.2 em: Relative to parent element
Example:
div {
font-size: 1.5em;
}
🔸 2.3 rem: Relative to root element
- Keeps sizes consistent across page.
Example:
body {
font-size: 16px;
}
h1 {
font-size: 2rem;
}
🔸 2.4 % (Percentage)
Width or height relative to parent.
Example:
div {
width: 50%;
}
🔸 2.5 vh & vw (Viewport height/width)
- 1vh = 1% of viewport height.
- 1vw = 1% of viewport width.
Example:
section {
height: 100vh;
width: 100vw;
}
🔸 2.6 min-width / max-width
Limits size changes.
Example:
img {
max-width: 100%;
min-width: 200px;
}
🔸 2.7 overflow
Controls content that goes outside the box.
Options:
- visible
- hidden
- scroll
- auto
Example:
div {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
overflow: scroll;
}
🔸 2.8 object-fit
Applies to <img>, <video>, etc.
Options: cover, contain, fill, none.
Example:
img {
width: 100%;
height: 300px;
object-fit: cover;
}
------------------------------------------
🔸 2.9 COLORS (FUNCTIONS + SYSTEMS)
✅ rgb():
color: rgb(255, 0, 0);
✅ rgba(): (With transparency)
color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5);
✅ hsl(): (Hue, Saturation, Lightness)
color: hsl(120, 100%, 50%);
✅ hsla():
color: hsla(120, 100%, 50%, 0.3);
✅ hwb(), lab(), lch():
Advanced color systems for modern browsers. Mostly for professional design systems.
===============================
✅ 3️⃣ REPLACED ELEMENTS: Styling
Replaced elements = Content controlled by the browser but styled by CSS.
Examples:
- <img>
- <video>
- <input>
- <iframe>
- <table>
🔸 3.1 Styling Images
img {
width: 100%;
max-width: 400px;
border: 2px solid black;
border-radius: 15px;
object-fit: cover;
}
🔸 3.2 Styling Videos
video {
max-width: 600px;
border: 4px solid red;
border-radius: 10px;
}
🔸 3.3 Styling Forms (Inputs, Buttons)
input, select, textarea {
padding: 12px;
margin: 10px 0;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
width: 100%;
}
button {
background: linear-gradient(to right, green, blue);
padding: 15px 30px;
color: white;
border: none;
border-radius: 8px;
}
button:hover {
background: linear-gradient(to right, blue, purple);
}
🔸 3.4 Styling Tables
===============================
✅ EXTRA TIPS:
- Combine background properties into one shorthand:
background: url("bg.jpg") no-repeat center/cover fixed;
- Mix units smartly:
- rem for font sizes
- px for borders
- vh/vw for layout
✅ QUICK SUMMARY:
✔️ Background images, gradients, sizes, positions.
✔️ CSS units like px, em, rem, %, vh, vw.
✔️ Overflow and object-fit.
✔️ Advanced color functions (rgb, rgba, hsl, hsla).
✔️ Styling images, forms, media, tables (Replaced Elements).
table {
width: 100%;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
th, td {
padding: 12px;
text-align: left;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}
tr:nth-child(even) {
background-color: #f9f9f9;
}
===============================
✅ EXTRA TIPS:
- Combine background properties into one shorthand:
background: url("bg.jpg") no-repeat center/cover fixed;
- Mix units smartly:
- rem for font sizes
- px for borders
- vh/vw for layout
✅ QUICK SUMMARY:
✔️ Background images, gradients, sizes, positions.
✔️ CSS units like px, em, rem, %, vh, vw.
✔️ Overflow and object-fit.
✔️ Advanced color functions (rgb, rgba, hsl, hsla).
✔️ Styling images, forms, media, tables (Replaced Elements).
Assignment :
➤background-image
https://youtu.be/_oFWg_NlKdo?si=KwFKAy_8T0FaNona
➤overflow
https://youtu.be/d7cH8geV2dY?si=SMddhWXTINpRH0b3
➤position
https://youtu.be/G4AWXOr4W-k?si=feeSgnv8xS8r1uZD
➤background-image
https://youtu.be/_oFWg_NlKdo?si=KwFKAy_8T0FaNona
➤overflow
https://youtu.be/d7cH8geV2dY?si=SMddhWXTINpRH0b3
➤position
https://youtu.be/G4AWXOr4W-k?si=feeSgnv8xS8r1uZD
YouTube
How to include a CSS background image 🏙️
#CSS #tutorial #course
CSS background image tutorial example explained
body{
background-image: url(background.jpg);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: center;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-size: cover;
}
CSS background image tutorial example explained
body{
background-image: url(background.jpg);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: center;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-size: cover;
}
🔥Week 2 Day 3 Challenges:
💻 TODAY'S CHALLENGE: BUILD YOUR OWN COURSE WEBSITE HOMEPAGE! 💻🔥
👋 Hello Fullstack Summer Camp friends!
Today’s challenge is a fun and practical one — we’re moving beyond random layouts and actually trying to imitate a real website layout.
Our inspiration? 👉 [https://www.muyalogy.com](https://www.muyalogy.com)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 YOUR MISSION:
✅ Build a homepage for an online learning website using ONLY HTML + CSS (NO JavaScript yet).
✅ The homepage should include:
1️⃣ Website title/logo at the top (you can write just the name as text)
2️⃣ A navigation bar with items like:
- Home
- Courses
- About
- Contact
3️⃣ 2–3 Courses Section:
➤ Each course should have:
- Course title
- Short description
- Image
- Price or rating
4️⃣ Footer section:
➤ Include things like copyright,
➤ Terms and conditions,
➤ Social media icons or text links (as placeholders).
✅ Use as many CSS styles as possible from everything we’ve learned so far:
- Background images or gradients
- Pseudo-classes (like hover effects on buttons or links)
- Tables (if you wish for price comparison or schedule)
- Flex or Grid layout for neat alignment
- Colors, margins, paddings, fonts, etc.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
👀 Extra Notes:
👉 You don't need to copy everything from the real site. Just the general layout and feel.
👉 You can get creative with colors and images that fit the education theme!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📸 When You’re Done:
➤ Share your finished homepage in the group! Screenshots or code files — both are welcome.
➤ Invite your friends who want to learn with us.
➤ Stay consistent, stay practicing, and as always...
✌️Stay well and happy coding!
💻 TODAY'S CHALLENGE: BUILD YOUR OWN COURSE WEBSITE HOMEPAGE! 💻🔥
👋 Hello Fullstack Summer Camp friends!
Today’s challenge is a fun and practical one — we’re moving beyond random layouts and actually trying to imitate a real website layout.
Our inspiration? 👉 [https://www.muyalogy.com](https://www.muyalogy.com)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 YOUR MISSION:
✅ Build a homepage for an online learning website using ONLY HTML + CSS (NO JavaScript yet).
✅ The homepage should include:
1️⃣ Website title/logo at the top (you can write just the name as text)
2️⃣ A navigation bar with items like:
- Home
- Courses
- About
- Contact
3️⃣ 2–3 Courses Section:
➤ Each course should have:
- Course title
- Short description
- Image
- Price or rating
4️⃣ Footer section:
➤ Include things like copyright,
➤ Terms and conditions,
➤ Social media icons or text links (as placeholders).
✅ Use as many CSS styles as possible from everything we’ve learned so far:
- Background images or gradients
- Pseudo-classes (like hover effects on buttons or links)
- Tables (if you wish for price comparison or schedule)
- Flex or Grid layout for neat alignment
- Colors, margins, paddings, fonts, etc.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
👀 Extra Notes:
👉 You don't need to copy everything from the real site. Just the general layout and feel.
👉 You can get creative with colors and images that fit the education theme!
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📸 When You’re Done:
➤ Share your finished homepage in the group! Screenshots or code files — both are welcome.
➤ Invite your friends who want to learn with us.
➤ Stay consistent, stay practicing, and as always...
✌️Stay well and happy coding!
Muyalogy
An innovative full-service learning platform that offers a comprehensive suite of online courses in a number of different areas.
📚WEEK 2 DAY 4: CSS FLEXBOX &*Grid layouts
👋👋 Fullstack Campers! Let's dive in to flexboxes and Grid layouts today.
1⃣ CSS Flexbox – The Ultimate Beginner-to-Intermediate Guide
🧱 1. Setting Up Flexbox
To use Flexbox, apply display: flex; to a container. This makes its direct children flexible items.
Css:
➕ 2. Flex Container Properties
These properties are applied to the parent element.
🔸 flex-direction
Controls the main axis direction.
📦 Example
This stacks items vertically.
🔸 justify-content
Aligns items along the main axis (left to right by default).
📦 Example:
🔸 align-items
Aligns items vertically (along the cross-axis).
📦 Example:
🔸 flex-wrap
By default, items will try to fit in one line. Use wrap to move overflowing items to a new line
➤
🔸 align-content
Used only when there are multiple lines (i.e. when flex-wrap: wrap; is applied). It aligns the rows of items.
➤
🧊 3. Flex Item Properties
These are applied to individual child elements inside a flex container.
🔹 flex-grow
Defines how much a flex item can grow relative to others.
📦 Example:
Item 2 will be twice as wide as Item 1.
🔹 flex-shrink
Defines how much an item can shrink if space is tight.
🔹 flex-basis
Defines the initial size before space is distributed.
🔹 flex
A shorthand for:
📦 Example:
🔹 align-self
Overrides align-items for a single item.
🧪 4. Complete Example
🛠 5. Flexbox Tricks You Should Know
🔹 Equal height columns
🔹 Center anything (vertical + horizontal)
🔹 Responsive layout (great on mobile! Coming soon)
🔹 Reordering items with order
🔹 Avoids using floats or positioning
👋👋 Fullstack Campers! Let's dive in to flexboxes and Grid layouts today.
1⃣ CSS Flexbox – The Ultimate Beginner-to-Intermediate Guide
Flexbox (Flexible Box Layout) is used to arrange items in a row or column and control their alignment, spacing, and distribution—even when their sizes are unknown or dynamic.
🧱 1. Setting Up Flexbox
To use Flexbox, apply display: flex; to a container. This makes its direct children flexible items.
<div class="container">
<div>Item 1</div>
<div>Item 2</div>
<div>Item 3</div>
</div>
Css:
.container {
display: flex;
} ➕ 2. Flex Container Properties
These properties are applied to the parent element.
🔸 flex-direction
Controls the main axis direction.
.container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
flex-direction: column;
flex-direction: row-reverse;
flex-direction: column-reverse; } 📦 Example
.container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column; } This stacks items vertically.
🔸 justify-content
Aligns items along the main axis (left to right by default).
.container {
justify-content: flex-start;
justify-content: flex-end;
justify-content: center;
justify-content: space-between;
justify-content: space-around;
justify-content: space-evenly; } 📦 Example:
.container {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between; } 🔸 align-items
Aligns items vertically (along the cross-axis).
.container {
align-items: stretch;
align-items: flex-start;
align-items: flex-end;
align-items: center;
align-items: baseline; } 📦 Example:
.container {
display: flex;
align-items: center; } 🔸 flex-wrap
By default, items will try to fit in one line. Use wrap to move overflowing items to a new line
➤
nowrap/* default */
➤ wrap
➤ wrap-reverse🔸 align-content
Used only when there are multiple lines (i.e. when flex-wrap: wrap; is applied). It aligns the rows of items.
➤
stretch;
➤ flex-start
➤ flex-end
➤center
➤ space-between
➤ space-around🧊 3. Flex Item Properties
These are applied to individual child elements inside a flex container.
🔹 flex-grow
Defines how much a flex item can grow relative to others.
.item { flex-grow: 1; /* Will grow equally with others */ } 📦 Example:
.item1 { flex-grow: 1; }
.item2 { flex-grow: 2; } Item 2 will be twice as wide as Item 1.
🔹 flex-shrink
Defines how much an item can shrink if space is tight.
.item { flex-shrink: 0; /* Won't shrink */ } 🔹 flex-basis
Defines the initial size before space is distributed.
.item { flex-basis: 200px; } 🔹 flex
A shorthand for:
flex: grow shrink basis; 📦 Example:
.item { flex: 1 1 200px; } 🔹 align-self
Overrides align-items for a single item.
.item { align-self: center; } 🧪 4. Complete Example
<style> .container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
justify-content: space-around;
align-items: center;
height: 200px;
background-color: #f2f2f2; }
.item {
background: orange;
padding: 20px;
color: white;
margin: 10px;
flex: 1; } </style>
<div class="container">
<div class="item">📘 Item 1</div>
<div class="item">📙 Item 2</div>
<div class="item">📗 Item 3</div>
</div> 🛠 5. Flexbox Tricks You Should Know
🔹 Equal height columns
🔹 Center anything (vertical + horizontal)
🔹 Responsive layout (great on mobile! Coming soon)
🔹 Reordering items with order
🔹 Avoids using floats or positioning
2⃣ CSS Grid Layout
✅ What is CSS Grid?
CSS Grid is a two-dimensional layout system that allows you to control both rows and columns at the same time. Unlike Flexbox (which is one-dimensional), Grid gives you full control over the layout of your elements.
It’s especially useful for building complex web layouts without hacks like floats or flex-wrap tricks.
🔸 1. Creating a Grid Container
You start by declaring display: grid on the parent element.
Example:
🔹 2. Defining Columns and Rows
Use grid-template-columns and grid-template-rows.
👉 Fixed sizes:
👉 Responsive using fr unit (fractional):
👉 Repeat:
🔸 3. Gap Between Items
Use gap, row-gap, or column-gap.
🔸 4. Placing Items in Grid
Grid items can span columns or rows using:
You can also use span:
🔹 5. Named Areas
Use grid-template-areas for visually mapping the layout.
Then assign elements:
🔹 6. Aligning Items
➝justify-items: Align items horizontally (inside each grid cell).
➝align-items: Align items vertically (inside each grid cell).
➝justify-content: Align the entire grid horizontally.
➝align-content: Align the entire grid vertically.
🧊 7. Auto-placement
Let grid place items automatically based on available space.
☝️ This is super useful for responsive grids (like image galleries or cards).
🧪 8. Complete Example – Simple Blog Layout
✅ What is CSS Grid?
CSS Grid is a two-dimensional layout system that allows you to control both rows and columns at the same time. Unlike Flexbox (which is one-dimensional), Grid gives you full control over the layout of your elements.
It’s especially useful for building complex web layouts without hacks like floats or flex-wrap tricks.
🔸 1. Creating a Grid Container
You start by declaring display: grid on the parent element.
.container { display: grid; } Example:
<div class="container">
<div>1️⃣</div>
<div>2️⃣</div>
<div>3️⃣</div>
</div> .container {display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 100px 100px 100px; }
🔹 2. Defining Columns and Rows
Use grid-template-columns and grid-template-rows.
👉 Fixed sizes:
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 200px 150px;
grid-template-rows: 100px 100px; } 👉 Responsive using fr unit (fractional):
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr; } 👉 Repeat:
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); } 🔸 3. Gap Between Items
Use gap, row-gap, or column-gap.
.container { gap: 20px; } 🔸 4. Placing Items in Grid
Grid items can span columns or rows using:
.item {
grid-column: 1 / 3; /* start at 1, end before 3 */
grid-row: 2 / 4; } You can also use span:
.item { grid-column: span 2; } 🔹 5. Named Areas
Use grid-template-areas for visually mapping the layout.
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr;
grid-template-rows: auto auto;
grid-template-areas: "header header" "sidebar content"; } Then assign elements:
.header { grid-area: header; }
.sidebar { grid-area: sidebar; }
.content { grid-area: content; } 🔹 6. Aligning Items
➝justify-items: Align items horizontally (inside each grid cell).
➝align-items: Align items vertically (inside each grid cell).
➝justify-content: Align the entire grid horizontally.
➝align-content: Align the entire grid vertically.
.container {
justify-items: center;
align-items: center; } 🧊 7. Auto-placement
Let grid place items automatically based on available space.
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(150px, 1fr)); } ☝️ This is super useful for responsive grids (like image galleries or cards).
🧪 8. Complete Example – Simple Blog Layout
<style>
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-areas: "header header" "sidebar main" "footer footer";
grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr;
grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
gap: 20px;
min-height: 100vh; }
.header {
grid-area: header;
background: #1e90ff;
color: white;
padding: 1rem; }
.sidebar {
grid-area: sidebar;
background: #f0f0f0;
padding: 1rem; }
.main {
grid-area: main;
background: #fff;
padding: 1rem; }
.footer {
grid-area: footer;
background: #1e90ff;
color: white;
padding: 1rem;
text-align: center; }
</style>
<div class="container">
<div class="header">🌐 My Blog</div>
<div class="sidebar">📚 Categories</div>
<div class="main">📝 Blog Content goes here</div>
<div class="footer">© 2025 My Blog</div>
</div>Assignment
➤flexbox
https://youtu.be/GteJWhCikCk?si=yaFF8FOp9nDlgGyn
➤Grid layout
https://youtu.be/eHaZlFcGl6k?si=BEFCy3JDqiMm14yZ
➤flexbox
https://youtu.be/GteJWhCikCk?si=yaFF8FOp9nDlgGyn
➤Grid layout
https://youtu.be/eHaZlFcGl6k?si=BEFCy3JDqiMm14yZ
YouTube
Learn CSS flexbox in 10 minutes! 💪
#CSS #course #tutorial
CSS flexbox introduction tutorial example explained
00:00:00 intro
00:00:12 HTML setup
00:00:52 CSS setup
00:01:58 display: flex
00:02:18 flex-direction
00:02:58 justify-content
00:04:13 CSS setup
00:04:48 align-items
00:05:48 flex…
CSS flexbox introduction tutorial example explained
00:00:00 intro
00:00:12 HTML setup
00:00:52 CSS setup
00:01:58 display: flex
00:02:18 flex-direction
00:02:58 justify-content
00:04:13 CSS setup
00:04:48 align-items
00:05:48 flex…
💪 Week 2 Day 4 Challenges: Flexbox & Grid CSS
📣 Today’s mission: Build a "Tech Event Schedule Webpage" using only Flexbox and Grid Layout to organize your content like a real event site! 😍
🎯 Challenge Brief:
Create a webpage for an upcoming Tech Conference or Workshop using Flexbox and Grid.
You're the designer — make it look structured, readable, and clean using all the layout techniques we’ve learned.
🛠️ Your Page Should Include:
🧑💼 1. Event Header
Use Flexbox to center and space:
➝Event name (e.g., "CodeVerse 2025")
➝Date
➝A register button
📅 2. Schedule Section
Use CSS Grid to display a 2-day agenda.
For each session, show:
Time
Session title
Speaker
Room
🧠 Try using grid-template-columns to organize into columns like: Time | Title | Speaker | Room.
👥 3. Speakers Section
Use Flexbox to align speaker profiles in a row or wrap them.
Each profile includes:
Image
Name
Short bio or topic
⭐ Bonus Ideas:
➤Flexbox: Use flex-wrap and justify-content
➤Grid: Use auto-fit, minmax(), or media queries
➤Style with bold backgrounds or gradients
➤Use gap, margin, padding, and border to create clean spaces
💬 Final Words
🧪 Test your creativity! Use as many tags, layout techniques, and styles as you can — even the ones we didn’t mention!
💾 Save your work,
📤 Share it in the group,
👫 Invite your friends, and
🌞 ✌️Stay awesome & stay well! 💻💖
📣 Today’s mission: Build a "Tech Event Schedule Webpage" using only Flexbox and Grid Layout to organize your content like a real event site! 😍
🎯 Challenge Brief:
Create a webpage for an upcoming Tech Conference or Workshop using Flexbox and Grid.
You're the designer — make it look structured, readable, and clean using all the layout techniques we’ve learned.
🛠️ Your Page Should Include:
🧑💼 1. Event Header
Use Flexbox to center and space:
➝Event name (e.g., "CodeVerse 2025")
➝Date
➝A register button
📅 2. Schedule Section
Use CSS Grid to display a 2-day agenda.
For each session, show:
Time
Session title
Speaker
Room
🧠 Try using grid-template-columns to organize into columns like: Time | Title | Speaker | Room.
👥 3. Speakers Section
Use Flexbox to align speaker profiles in a row or wrap them.
Each profile includes:
Image
Name
Short bio or topic
⭐ Bonus Ideas:
➤Flexbox: Use flex-wrap and justify-content
➤Grid: Use auto-fit, minmax(), or media queries
➤Style with bold backgrounds or gradients
➤Use gap, margin, padding, and border to create clean spaces
💬 Final Words
🧪 Test your creativity! Use as many tags, layout techniques, and styles as you can — even the ones we didn’t mention!
💾 Save your work,
📤 Share it in the group,
👫 Invite your friends, and
🌞 ✌️Stay awesome & stay well! 💻💖