A machine learning approach to evaluate the impact of virtual balance/cognitive training on fall risk in older women
INTRODUCTION: Novel technologies based on virtual reality (VR) are creating attractive virtual environments with high ecological value, used both in basic/clinical neuroscience and modern medical practice. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of VR-based training in an elderly population.
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INTRODUCTION: Novel technologies based on virtual reality (VR) are creating attractive virtual environments with high ecological value, used both in basic/clinical neuroscience and modern medical practice. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of VR-based training in an elderly population.
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Information bottleneck-based Hebbian learning rule naturally ties working memory and synaptic updates
Deep neural feedforward networks are effective models for a wide array of problems, but training and deploying such networks presents a significant energy cost. Spiking neural networks (SNNs), which are modeled after biologically realistic neurons, offer a potential solution when deployed correctly on neuromorphic computing hardware. Still, many applications train SNNs offline, and running network training directly on neuromorphic hardware is an ongoing research problem. The primary hurdle is...
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Deep neural feedforward networks are effective models for a wide array of problems, but training and deploying such networks presents a significant energy cost. Spiking neural networks (SNNs), which are modeled after biologically realistic neurons, offer a potential solution when deployed correctly on neuromorphic computing hardware. Still, many applications train SNNs offline, and running network training directly on neuromorphic hardware is an ongoing research problem. The primary hurdle is...
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Multi-sequence generative adversarial network: better generation for enhanced magnetic resonance imaging images
INTRODUCTION: MRI is one of the commonly used diagnostic methods in clinical practice, especially in brain diseases. There are many sequences in MRI, but T1CE images can only be obtained by using contrast agents. Many patients (such as cancer patients) must undergo alignment of multiple MRI sequences for diagnosis, especially the contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance sequence. However, some patients such as pregnant women, children, etc. find it difficult to use contrast agents to obtain enhanced...
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INTRODUCTION: MRI is one of the commonly used diagnostic methods in clinical practice, especially in brain diseases. There are many sequences in MRI, but T1CE images can only be obtained by using contrast agents. Many patients (such as cancer patients) must undergo alignment of multiple MRI sequences for diagnosis, especially the contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance sequence. However, some patients such as pregnant women, children, etc. find it difficult to use contrast agents to obtain enhanced...
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A mutual information measure of phase-amplitude coupling using gamma generalized linear models
CONCLUSIONS: Our new measure of PAC using Gamma GLMs and mutual information demonstrates a promising new way to compute PAC values using the full joint distribution on amplitude and phase. Our measure outperforms the most common existing measures of PAC, and show promising results in identifying time varying PAC in electrophysiological datasets. In addition, we provide for using our method with multiple comparisons and show that our measure potentially has more statistical power in...
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CONCLUSIONS: Our new measure of PAC using Gamma GLMs and mutual information demonstrates a promising new way to compute PAC values using the full joint distribution on amplitude and phase. Our measure outperforms the most common existing measures of PAC, and show promising results in identifying time varying PAC in electrophysiological datasets. In addition, we provide for using our method with multiple comparisons and show that our measure potentially has more statistical power in...
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Simulated dynamical transitions in a heterogeneous marmoset pFC cluster
Network analysis of the marmoset cortical connectivity data indicates a significant 3D cluster in and around the pre-frontal cortex. A multi-node, heterogeneous neural mass model of this six-node cluster was constructed. Its parameters were informed by available experimental and simulation data so that each neural mass oscillated in a characteristic frequency band. Nodes were connected with directed, weighted links derived from the marmoset structural connectivity data. Heterogeneity arose from...
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Network analysis of the marmoset cortical connectivity data indicates a significant 3D cluster in and around the pre-frontal cortex. A multi-node, heterogeneous neural mass model of this six-node cluster was constructed. Its parameters were informed by available experimental and simulation data so that each neural mass oscillated in a characteristic frequency band. Nodes were connected with directed, weighted links derived from the marmoset structural connectivity data. Heterogeneity arose from...
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DT-SCNN: dual-threshold spiking convolutional neural network with fewer operations and memory access for edge applications
The spiking convolutional neural network (SCNN) is a kind of spiking neural network (SNN) with high accuracy for visual tasks and power efficiency on neuromorphic hardware, which is attractive for edge applications. However, it is challenging to implement SCNNs on resource-constrained edge devices because of the large number of convolutional operations and membrane potential (Vm) storage needed. Previous works have focused on timestep reduction, network pruning, and network quantization to...
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The spiking convolutional neural network (SCNN) is a kind of spiking neural network (SNN) with high accuracy for visual tasks and power efficiency on neuromorphic hardware, which is attractive for edge applications. However, it is challenging to implement SCNNs on resource-constrained edge devices because of the large number of convolutional operations and membrane potential (Vm) storage needed. Previous works have focused on timestep reduction, network pruning, and network quantization to...
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Synergy quality assessment of muscle modules for determining learning performance using a realistic musculoskeletal model
How our central nervous system efficiently controls our complex musculoskeletal system is still debated. The muscle synergy hypothesis is proposed to simplify this complex system by assuming the existence of functional neural modules that coordinate several muscles. Modularity based on muscle synergies can facilitate motor learning without compromising task performance. However, the effectiveness of modularity in motor control remains debated. This ambiguity can, in part, stem from overlooking...
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How our central nervous system efficiently controls our complex musculoskeletal system is still debated. The muscle synergy hypothesis is proposed to simplify this complex system by assuming the existence of functional neural modules that coordinate several muscles. Modularity based on muscle synergies can facilitate motor learning without compromising task performance. However, the effectiveness of modularity in motor control remains debated. This ambiguity can, in part, stem from overlooking...
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Pathological cell assembly dynamics in a striatal MSN network model
Under normal conditions the principal cells of the striatum, medium spiny neurons (MSNs), show structured cell assembly activity patterns which alternate sequentially over exceedingly long timescales of many minutes. It is important to understand this activity since it is characteristically disrupted in multiple pathologies, such as Parkinson's disease and dyskinesia, and thought to be caused by alterations in the MSN to MSN lateral inhibitory connections and in the strength and distribution of...
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Under normal conditions the principal cells of the striatum, medium spiny neurons (MSNs), show structured cell assembly activity patterns which alternate sequentially over exceedingly long timescales of many minutes. It is important to understand this activity since it is characteristically disrupted in multiple pathologies, such as Parkinson's disease and dyskinesia, and thought to be caused by alterations in the MSN to MSN lateral inhibitory connections and in the strength and distribution of...
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SS-DRPL: self-supervised deep representation pattern learning for voice-based Parkinson's disease detection
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a globally significant health challenge, necessitating accurate and timely diagnostic methods to facilitate effective treatment and intervention. In recent years, self-supervised deep representation pattern learning (SS-DRPL) has emerged as a promising approach for extracting valuable representations from data, offering the potential to enhance the efficiency of voice-based PD detection. This research study focuses on investigating the utilization of SS-DRPL in...
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a globally significant health challenge, necessitating accurate and timely diagnostic methods to facilitate effective treatment and intervention. In recent years, self-supervised deep representation pattern learning (SS-DRPL) has emerged as a promising approach for extracting valuable representations from data, offering the potential to enhance the efficiency of voice-based PD detection. This research study focuses on investigating the utilization of SS-DRPL in...
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Enhancing brain tumor classification in MRI scans with a multi-layer customized convolutional neural network approach
CONCLUSION: This study represents a significant advancement in the early detection and treatment planning of brain tumors, offering a more efficient and accurate alternative to traditional MRI analysis methods.
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CONCLUSION: This study represents a significant advancement in the early detection and treatment planning of brain tumors, offering a more efficient and accurate alternative to traditional MRI analysis methods.
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Design and evaluation of a global workspace agent embodied in a realistic multimodal environment
As the apparent intelligence of artificial neural networks (ANNs) advances, they are increasingly likened to the functional networks and information processing capabilities of the human brain. Such comparisons have typically focused on particular modalities, such as vision or language. The next frontier is to use the latest advances in ANNs to design and investigate scalable models of higher-level cognitive processes, such as conscious information access, which have historically lacked concrete...
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As the apparent intelligence of artificial neural networks (ANNs) advances, they are increasingly likened to the functional networks and information processing capabilities of the human brain. Such comparisons have typically focused on particular modalities, such as vision or language. The next frontier is to use the latest advances in ANNs to design and investigate scalable models of higher-level cognitive processes, such as conscious information access, which have historically lacked concrete...
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Residual and bidirectional LSTM for epileptic seizure detection
Electroencephalogram (EEG) plays a pivotal role in the detection and analysis of epileptic seizures, which affects over 70 million people in the world. Nonetheless, the visual interpretation of EEG signals for epilepsy detection is laborious and time-consuming. To tackle this open challenge, we introduce a straightforward yet efficient hybrid deep learning approach, named ResBiLSTM, for detecting epileptic seizures using EEG signals. Firstly, a one-dimensional residual neural network (ResNet) is...
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Electroencephalogram (EEG) plays a pivotal role in the detection and analysis of epileptic seizures, which affects over 70 million people in the world. Nonetheless, the visual interpretation of EEG signals for epilepsy detection is laborious and time-consuming. To tackle this open challenge, we introduce a straightforward yet efficient hybrid deep learning approach, named ResBiLSTM, for detecting epileptic seizures using EEG signals. Firstly, a one-dimensional residual neural network (ResNet) is...
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A novel multi-feature fusion attention neural network for the recognition of epileptic EEG signals
Epilepsy is a common chronic brain disorder. Detecting epilepsy by observing electroencephalography (EEG) is the main method neurologists use, but this method is time-consuming. EEG signals are non-stationary, nonlinear, and often highly noisy, so it remains challenging to recognize epileptic EEG signals more accurately and automatically. This paper proposes a novel classification system of epileptic EEG signals for single-channel EEG based on the attention network that integrates time-frequency...
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Epilepsy is a common chronic brain disorder. Detecting epilepsy by observing electroencephalography (EEG) is the main method neurologists use, but this method is time-consuming. EEG signals are non-stationary, nonlinear, and often highly noisy, so it remains challenging to recognize epileptic EEG signals more accurately and automatically. This paper proposes a novel classification system of epileptic EEG signals for single-channel EEG based on the attention network that integrates time-frequency...
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Translational symmetry in convolutions with localized kernels causes an implicit bias toward high frequency adversarial examples
Adversarial attacks are still a significant challenge for neural networks. Recent efforts have shown that adversarial perturbations typically contain high-frequency features, but the root cause of this phenomenon remains unknown. Inspired by theoretical work on linear convolutional models, we hypothesize that translational symmetry in convolutional operations together with localized kernels implicitly bias the learning of high-frequency features, and that this is one of the main causes of high...
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Adversarial attacks are still a significant challenge for neural networks. Recent efforts have shown that adversarial perturbations typically contain high-frequency features, but the root cause of this phenomenon remains unknown. Inspired by theoretical work on linear convolutional models, we hypothesize that translational symmetry in convolutional operations together with localized kernels implicitly bias the learning of high-frequency features, and that this is one of the main causes of high...
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Hybrid deep spatial and statistical feature fusion for accurate MRI brain tumor classification
The classification of medical images is crucial in the biomedical field, and despite attempts to address the issue, significant challenges persist. To effectively categorize medical images, collecting and integrating statistical information that accurately describes the image is essential. This study proposes a unique method for feature extraction that combines deep spatial characteristics with handmade statistical features. The approach involves extracting statistical radiomics features using...
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The classification of medical images is crucial in the biomedical field, and despite attempts to address the issue, significant challenges persist. To effectively categorize medical images, collecting and integrating statistical information that accurately describes the image is essential. This study proposes a unique method for feature extraction that combines deep spatial characteristics with handmade statistical features. The approach involves extracting statistical radiomics features using...
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The emergence of enhanced intelligence in a brain-inspired cognitive architecture
The Causal Cognitive Architecture is a brain-inspired cognitive architecture developed from the hypothesis that the navigation circuits in the ancestors of mammals duplicated to eventually form the neocortex. Thus, millions of neocortical minicolumns are functionally modeled in the architecture as millions of "navigation maps." An investigation of a cognitive architecture based on these navigation maps has previously shown that modest changes in the architecture allow the ready emergence of...
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The Causal Cognitive Architecture is a brain-inspired cognitive architecture developed from the hypothesis that the navigation circuits in the ancestors of mammals duplicated to eventually form the neocortex. Thus, millions of neocortical minicolumns are functionally modeled in the architecture as millions of "navigation maps." An investigation of a cognitive architecture based on these navigation maps has previously shown that modest changes in the architecture allow the ready emergence of...
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An enhanced pattern detection and segmentation of brain tumors in MRI images using deep learning technique
Neuroscience is a swiftly progressing discipline that aims to unravel the intricate workings of the human brain and mind. Brain tumors, ranging from non-cancerous to malignant forms, pose a significant diagnostic challenge due to the presence of more than 100 distinct types. Effective treatment hinges on the precise detection and segmentation of these tumors early. We introduce a cutting-edge deep-learning approach employing a binary convolutional neural network (BCNN) to address this. This...
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Neuroscience is a swiftly progressing discipline that aims to unravel the intricate workings of the human brain and mind. Brain tumors, ranging from non-cancerous to malignant forms, pose a significant diagnostic challenge due to the presence of more than 100 distinct types. Effective treatment hinges on the precise detection and segmentation of these tumors early. We introduce a cutting-edge deep-learning approach employing a binary convolutional neural network (BCNN) to address this. This...
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Conditional spatial biased intuitionistic clustering technique for brain MRI image segmentation
In clinical research, it is crucial to segment the magnetic resonance (MR) brain image for studying the internal tissues of the brain. To address this challenge in a sustainable manner, a novel approach has been proposed leveraging the power of unsupervised clustering while integrating conditional spatial properties of the image into intuitionistic clustering technique for segmenting MRI images of brain scans. In the proposed technique, an Intuitionistic-based clustering approach incorporates a...
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In clinical research, it is crucial to segment the magnetic resonance (MR) brain image for studying the internal tissues of the brain. To address this challenge in a sustainable manner, a novel approach has been proposed leveraging the power of unsupervised clustering while integrating conditional spatial properties of the image into intuitionistic clustering technique for segmenting MRI images of brain scans. In the proposed technique, an Intuitionistic-based clustering approach incorporates a...
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Knowledge graph construction for heart failure using large language models with prompt engineering
INTRODUCTION: Constructing an accurate and comprehensive knowledge graph of specific diseases is critical for practical clinical disease diagnosis and treatment, reasoning and decision support, rehabilitation, and health management. For knowledge graph construction tasks (such as named entity recognition, relation extraction), classical BERT-based methods require a large amount of training data to ensure model performance. However, real-world medical annotation data, especially disease-specific...
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INTRODUCTION: Constructing an accurate and comprehensive knowledge graph of specific diseases is critical for practical clinical disease diagnosis and treatment, reasoning and decision support, rehabilitation, and health management. For knowledge graph construction tasks (such as named entity recognition, relation extraction), classical BERT-based methods require a large amount of training data to ensure model performance. However, real-world medical annotation data, especially disease-specific...
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A spatial map: a propitious choice for constraining the binding problem
Many studies have shown that the human visual system has two major functionally distinct cortical visual pathways: a ventral pathway, thought to be important for object recognition, and a dorsal pathway, thought to be important for spatial cognition. According to our and others previous studies, artificial neural networks with two segregated pathways can determine objects' identities and locations more accurately and efficiently than one-pathway artificial neural networks. In addition, we showed...
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Many studies have shown that the human visual system has two major functionally distinct cortical visual pathways: a ventral pathway, thought to be important for object recognition, and a dorsal pathway, thought to be important for spatial cognition. According to our and others previous studies, artificial neural networks with two segregated pathways can determine objects' identities and locations more accurately and efficiently than one-pathway artificial neural networks. In addition, we showed...
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A three-step, "brute-force" approach toward optimized affine spatial normalization
The first step in spatial normalization of magnetic resonance (MR) images commonly is an affine transformation, which may be vulnerable to image imperfections (such as inhomogeneities or "unusual" heads). Additionally, common software solutions use internal starting estimates to allow for a more efficient computation, which may pose a problem in datasets not conforming to these assumptions (such as those from children). In this technical note, three main questions were addressed: one, does the...
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The first step in spatial normalization of magnetic resonance (MR) images commonly is an affine transformation, which may be vulnerable to image imperfections (such as inhomogeneities or "unusual" heads). Additionally, common software solutions use internal starting estimates to allow for a more efficient computation, which may pose a problem in datasets not conforming to these assumptions (such as those from children). In this technical note, three main questions were addressed: one, does the...
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