📌 Mangrove Cover: India's mangrove 0.15% of the total geographical area.

Gujarat saw a decrease in mangrove cover, while Andhra Pradesh experienced increases.

📌 Forest Fire: The top three states with the most fire incidents in the 2023-24 season are Uttarakhand, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh.
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📌 Indian State of Forest Report Notes .

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📌 Canopy density is the percentage of an area that is covered by the tree crowns. It is a major factor in evaluating the health of a forest .

Canopy Density

📌 OPEN :- When the density is under 0.5

📌 THIN :- Density is between 0.5 and 0.75

📌 DENSE :- When the density is between 0.75 and 1.0

📌 CLOSED :- When the density is 1.0

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Indian State of State Report MCQ-2023.pdf

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Biodiversity Act, 2002 focuses on conserving biological diversity, sustainable use, and fair benefit-sharing.

1. Chapter I: Preliminary – Definitions and scope.
2. Chapter II: Regulation of Access – Rules for accessing biodiversity.
3. Chapter III & IV: National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) – Formation, functions, and powers.
4. Chapter V: Approval by NBA – Procedure for approvals.
5. Chapter VI: State Biodiversity Board (SBB) - State-level governance.
6. Chapter X: Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC) – Local conservation and PBR documentation.

This three-tier structure (NBA, SBB, BMC) ensures biodiversity protection and equitable benefit-sharing.

What is the pink powder sprayed over the California wildfires?

The pink powder sprayed over wildfires in California and other regions is a fire retardant, and its key ingredient is indeed ammonium phosphate, which is also commonly used in fertilizers.

Pink Color: The pink dye is added to help firefighters see where the retardant has been dropped, ensuring effective coverage.

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The National Wildlife Action Plans (NWAP) in India provide a roadmap for wildlife conservation:

1. First NWAP (1983–2001) 🦏🌿: Adopted by the Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL), it laid the foundation for wildlife conservation in India.

2. Second NWAP (2002–2016) 🐅📜: Revised the first plan, addressing emerging conservation challenges such as habitat loss, climate change, and human-wildlife conflict.

3. Third NWAP (2017–2031) 🌍🐾: Focuses on a landscape approach to conserve uncultivated flora and undomesticated fauna with ecological value, regardless of their location. It emphasizes 17 key themes covering various aspects of wildlife conservation, including climate change, habitat restoration, and community participation.

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India adds 4 new Ramsar sites, taking the total to 89!

As the world prepares to celebrate #WorldWetlands Day, India proudly announces the inclusion of:

1 Sakkarakottai Bird Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu
2 Therthangal Bird Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu
3 Khecheopalri Wetland, Sikkim
4 Udhwa Lake, Jharkhand

Let's celebrate this achievement and continue working towards a sustainable future!

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_World Wetlands Day is celebrated on February 2 to mark the adoption of the Ramsar Convention in 1971._

Wetlands, also called the " kidneys of the Earth ," filter pollutants and support biodiversity.

As of 2024, there are over 2,500 Ramsar Sites worldwide, including 89 in India.

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📌📌 Union Budget 2025 📌📌

📌 The central government has increased the Union Environment Ministry's budget by 9%, allocating 3,412.82 crore for the 2025-26 financial year compared to ₹3,125.96 crore in 2024-25. This enhanced budget aims to strengthen conservation efforts, protect wildlife, and expand India's forest cover.

Key allocations include:
✔220 crore for the National Mission for a Green India (up from 160 crore) to expand and protect forest cover.
✔₹50 crore for natural resource and ecosystem conservation (up from ₹30 crore).
✔₹10 crore for biodiversity conservation, nearly triple the previous ₹3.5 crore.
✔35 crore for aquatic ecosystem conservation (up from 23.5 crore).
✔₹290 crore for Project Tiger and Project Elephant (up from 245 crore) to safeguard these keystone species and their habitats.

The budget shows the government's commitment to sustainability.

Animal Census is the systematic process of estimating wildlife populations to monitor their status, track population trends, and support conservation efforts.

Methods :- Camera Trapping / Transect Surveys / Radio Telemetry/GPS Tracking / DNA Analysis / Aerial Surveys / Call Count Method Etc.

Animal Census Frequency in India

1. Tiger Census - Every 4 years
2. Leopard Census - Every 4 years.
3. Elephant Census - Every 5 years
4. Lion Census - Every 5 years.
5.Rhino Census - Every 3 years.
6. Dolphin Census - Every 2 years.

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Which Indian State is Known as the Land of Forests?

_Jharkhand is known as the “Land of Forests” because its name means “land covered with forests.” The state has large forest areas, including the Saranda Forest, the largest Sal forest in Asia. Jharkhand’s forests are vital for its wildlife, people, and the environment._

According to the 2023 India State of Forest Report, Jharkhand's forest area in 2023 is recorded as 23,765.78 square kilometers which represents approximately 29.81% of the state's total geographical area; showing a slight increase in forest cover compared to 2021 .

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