Use of hyphen
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💜With Participles
Past and present participles can be paired with adjectives, nouns, and adverbs to form compound adjectives.
📍“Many legends still survive about man-eating whales, but they are simply untrue.” (present participle + noun)
📍“My old-fashioned aunt would never approve.” (adjective + past participle)
📍“We have well-intentioned neighbors, but they can be a bit nosy sometimes.” (adverb + past participle)
📍“Our eyes had to adjust in the dimly lit corridor.” (adverb + past participle)
💜When not to use a hyphen
Notice that, in the last example above, dimly lit is not hyphenated. Adverbs ending in “-ly,” as well as the adverb very, do not take a hyphen in compound constructions because it is always clear that they are modifying the adjective or participle that follows them. For example:
📍“There are many beautifully constructed houses in this neighborhood.”
📍“Tina is a very bright student and a wonderfully talented pianist.”
Be careful not to apply this rule to adjectives or nouns that end in “-ly”—these will take a hyphen in a compound adjective, as in:
📍“My uncle helped refugees escape to ally-controlled countries during the war.”
📍“My brother was a sickly-looking kid growing up, but he has become one of the top athletes in the country.”
Also note that we generally don’t use a hyphen with compound adjectives when they appear after the noun they are modifying. For example:
📍“My aunt is rather old fashioned.”
📍“This bag weighs eight pounds.”
📍“We’re looking for a place to eat that is family friendly.”
📍“Our neighbors can be a bit nosy, but they are well intentioned.”
Be careful though, because this is not always the case—some compound adjectives always (or often) remain hyphenated, even when they appear after a noun. For instance:
📍“Her eyes are blue-green.”
📍“Are these cookies sugar-free?”
📍“I try to avoid food that is mass-produced.”
If in doubt, try searching for the compound adjective in a dictionary—if it is listed with a hyphen, there’s a good chance that it always takes one regardless of its position.
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💜With Participles
Past and present participles can be paired with adjectives, nouns, and adverbs to form compound adjectives.
📍“Many legends still survive about man-eating whales, but they are simply untrue.” (present participle + noun)
📍“My old-fashioned aunt would never approve.” (adjective + past participle)
📍“We have well-intentioned neighbors, but they can be a bit nosy sometimes.” (adverb + past participle)
📍“Our eyes had to adjust in the dimly lit corridor.” (adverb + past participle)
💜When not to use a hyphen
Notice that, in the last example above, dimly lit is not hyphenated. Adverbs ending in “-ly,” as well as the adverb very, do not take a hyphen in compound constructions because it is always clear that they are modifying the adjective or participle that follows them. For example:
📍“There are many beautifully constructed houses in this neighborhood.”
📍“Tina is a very bright student and a wonderfully talented pianist.”
Be careful not to apply this rule to adjectives or nouns that end in “-ly”—these will take a hyphen in a compound adjective, as in:
📍“My uncle helped refugees escape to ally-controlled countries during the war.”
📍“My brother was a sickly-looking kid growing up, but he has become one of the top athletes in the country.”
Also note that we generally don’t use a hyphen with compound adjectives when they appear after the noun they are modifying. For example:
📍“My aunt is rather old fashioned.”
📍“This bag weighs eight pounds.”
📍“We’re looking for a place to eat that is family friendly.”
📍“Our neighbors can be a bit nosy, but they are well intentioned.”
Be careful though, because this is not always the case—some compound adjectives always (or often) remain hyphenated, even when they appear after a noun. For instance:
📍“Her eyes are blue-green.”
📍“Are these cookies sugar-free?”
📍“I try to avoid food that is mass-produced.”
If in doubt, try searching for the compound adjective in a dictionary—if it is listed with a hyphen, there’s a good chance that it always takes one regardless of its position.
Five Words of the Day
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💜shrivel - Wither, as with a loss of moisture.
Synonyms: shrink
Usage: The heat shriveled the unwatered seedlings.
💜induct - Place ceremoniously or formally in an office or position.
Synonyms: seat, invest
Usage: There was a ceremony to induct the president of the academy.
💜endorse - Give support or one's approval to.
Synonyms: second, back
Usage: Before I can move forward with a project of this magnitude, my boss must first endorse it.
💜beseech - Ask for or request earnestly.
Synonyms: adjure, entreat, conjure, bid, press
Usage: Daddy, I beseech you to stop smoking before it is too late.
💜grouch - Show one's unhappiness or critical attitude.
Synonyms: grumble, scold
Usage: Shailesh always grouches about his job, but deep down he really loves it.
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SV RAMANUJ
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💜shrivel - Wither, as with a loss of moisture.
Synonyms: shrink
Usage: The heat shriveled the unwatered seedlings.
💜induct - Place ceremoniously or formally in an office or position.
Synonyms: seat, invest
Usage: There was a ceremony to induct the president of the academy.
💜endorse - Give support or one's approval to.
Synonyms: second, back
Usage: Before I can move forward with a project of this magnitude, my boss must first endorse it.
💜beseech - Ask for or request earnestly.
Synonyms: adjure, entreat, conjure, bid, press
Usage: Daddy, I beseech you to stop smoking before it is too late.
💜grouch - Show one's unhappiness or critical attitude.
Synonyms: grumble, scold
Usage: Shailesh always grouches about his job, but deep down he really loves it.
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SV RAMANUJ
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Spotting Errors
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❌The most important period of physical growth in humans occurred during their first two years.
✔️The most important period of physical growth in humans occurs during their first two years.
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❌I am grateful to you and to all your friends by extending necessary help in my hour of need.
✔️I am grateful to you and to all your friends for extending necessary help in my hour of need.
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❌Of the two principles he put forward, the last one was more difficult to understand.
✔️Of the two principles he put forward, the second one was more difficult to understand.
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❌Health is more preferable than wealth.
✔️Health is more preferable to wealth.
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❌It was unexpected to hear that someone with his level of maturity made such mistakes like that.
✔️It was unexpected to hear that someone with his level of maturity made such a mistake like that.
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SV RAMANUJ
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❌The most important period of physical growth in humans occurred during their first two years.
✔️The most important period of physical growth in humans occurs during their first two years.
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❌I am grateful to you and to all your friends by extending necessary help in my hour of need.
✔️I am grateful to you and to all your friends for extending necessary help in my hour of need.
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❌Of the two principles he put forward, the last one was more difficult to understand.
✔️Of the two principles he put forward, the second one was more difficult to understand.
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❌Health is more preferable than wealth.
✔️Health is more preferable to wealth.
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❌It was unexpected to hear that someone with his level of maturity made such mistakes like that.
✔️It was unexpected to hear that someone with his level of maturity made such a mistake like that.
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SV RAMANUJ
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