The letters on fuses follow #IEC 60269 categories. They tell you what the fuse protects and how fast it reacts.
The first letter = breaking range (what fault currents it can interrupt).
The second letter = application (what equipment it protects).

#gG fuse — General purpose (the “normal” fuse)

Full name: general purpose, full-range fuse

This is the standard #fuse used in distribution boards and industrial panels.

What it protects
• #Cables
• #Wires
• #Lighting circuits
• #Heaters
• General equipment

It protects against:
• #Overload (small overcurrent for long time)
• #Shortcircuit (huge current instantly)

So it covers both slow and fast faults.

Typical use
• Main distribution boards
• Control panels
• Feeders
• Cable protection

Think: “gG = general use fuse.”

#aM fuse — Motor protection fuse

Full name: accompanying Motor fuse

This fuse is special and often misunderstood.

It protects ONLY against short circuits, NOT overloads.

Why?
Because #motors have huge starting current (6–10× rated current).
A normal fuse would blow every time the #motor starts.

This is why the name starts with a = accompanying.
It must be used together with a motor overload relay.

Typical use
• #Motor starters
• #Pumps
• #Fans
• #Compressors
• #Conveyor motors

Think: “aM = motor fuse partner.”

If you use aM alone → motor can burn from overload.

#gI fuse — Semiconductor / ultra-fast fuse

Full name: general purpose for semiconductor protection

These are very fast fuses designed for electronics that die in milliseconds.

Semiconductors (IGBT, thyristors, diodes) cannot survive the time delay of gG fuses.

So gI fuses are:
• Ultra-fast
• Very sensitive
• Expensive

What they protect
• #VFD drives
• #UPS systems
• #Rectifiers
• #Inverters
• Soft starters
• Power electronics

Think: “gI = instant protection.”

Real-world examples (ship/industrial)
• Lighting feeder → gG
• Pump motor starter → aM + overload relay
• Frequency converter / VFD → gI

Simple analogy
• gG = Bodyguard for the whole building
• aM = Security for the motor’s emergency only
• gI = Surgeon protecting fragile electronics

On March 10, 1891, Nikola Tesla received a patent for an alternating current (AC) generator—one of the key inventions that helped shape modern electric power systems.

What this generator was

It was a machine designed to produce alternating electric current (#AC). At the end of the 19th century, the world was in the middle of the “War of Currents,” a rivalry between supporters of direct current (#DC) and alternating current. Tesla’s generator became a crucial part of AC’s eventual victory.

Why it was revolutionary

Before this, direct current systems were widely used, but they had a major limitation:
• Electricity could only be transmitted over short distances
• Power stations had to be built very close to consumers

Alternating #current solved these problems.

Key advantages of the AC generator
1. Long-distance power transmission
#AC voltage can be easily stepped up or down using transformers, allowing electricity to travel hundreds of kilometers with minimal losses.
2. Efficiency and lower cost
Fewer power plants were needed, and electricity became cheaper.
3. Foundation of modern power grids
Today, almost the entire world uses alternating current in homes and industry.

How Tesla’s generator worked

The #generator created a rotating magnetic field, which induced alternating current in the windings. This same fundamental principle is still used in modern power plant #generators.

Historical significance

The 1891 patent became a major step toward:
• Large power stations
• #Electrification of cities
• The creation of global power networks

Without Tesla’s work, the electrified world we know today would look very different.

#NikolaTesla #Tesla

Understanding electronic components function

#electroniccomponents #gate #inverter

❇️ UNDERSTANDING POWER FACTOR

🍻 Beer is active power (kW) - the useful power, or the liquid #beer, is the energy that is doing work. This is the part you want.

😶‍🌫️ Foam is reactive power (kVAR) - the foam is wasted power or lost power. It’s the energy being produced that isn't doing any work, such as the production of heat or vibration.

🍺 The mug is apparent power (kVA) - the mug is the demand power, or the power being delivered by the utility.

#activepower #kW #power #reactivepower #kVAR #energy #heat #vibration #apparentpower #kVA

💸 “How Much Is an ETO Worth in 2026?”

In 2026, the offshore market is… let’s say, an interesting place.

One ETO is paid $300 per day, another gets $700.

And no — the difference is not always about who is more competent.
Sometimes it’s just about who sounds more experienced in an interview.

Everyone loves writing: 10+ years experience, DP2 vessel, Chief ETO.
Looks impressive. Almost like a guarantee that the guy will walk in and save your vessel.

Then reality hits — and the only thing he consistently saves is himself from extra work.

There’s a special category of professionals whose main principle is:
“If it works — don’t touch it. If it doesn’t work — don’t touch it either, it might fix itself.”

And yes, some of them are actually getting paid pretty well.

Meanwhile, somewhere on the same vessel, there’s a guy who actually understands what’s going on.

The one who can rebuild a system overnight, restore power, bring automation back online, and make it all look like “nothing ever happened” by morning.

And somehow… he’s not getting paid that much more.

Because the #offshore market is not always about competence.
It’s often about timing, luck, and how well you sell yourself.

What’s even more ironic — expectations keep growing every year.

Now an #ETO is expected to be an electrician, an automation engineer, a bit of an IT specialist, and occasionally a mind reader who can diagnose a fault just by hearing a relay click.

But the pay?
Still mostly “electrician level.”
With a small bonus for stress.

And that’s the paradox of 2026:
systems are more complex, responsibility is higher — but the way people are valued hasn’t really changed.

In the end, it comes down to one simple thing.

Your value is not your experience, not your certificates, and not even your real skills.

Your value is how replaceable you are.

❗If you can be replaced tomorrow — you’re worth $300.

If the vessel starts panicking without you — you’re worth whatever you decide to ask for.

So the real question isn’t about the market.

The real question is about you.

👉 How much are you really worth?

✍️ Author: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/activity-7445346777656111105-DZkF?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_ios&rcm=ACoAAC_V_QgBkUHCmF3qxcHLZnTm3M8vV93a4kw

Ammonia fueled engines it the biggest mistake in maritime world that is happening right now.

Seafarers should not be a suicide squads in ER.

Risk assessments won’t help against fatalities of this toxic gas when it leaks in ER.

These vessels have to be BANNED!

Look at this picture. It shows the leak of Propane Butane near LGIP DualFuel ME. 18% LEL.

And no one cares because owners want’s vessels to run!

If you agree - please react to this comment and share. We should stop this Ammonia fuel in ER!


https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7447206136480620544?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A7447206136480620544%2C7447277156512006144%29&dashCommentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Afsd_comment%3A%287447277156512006144%2Curn%3Ali%3Aactivity%3A7447206136480620544%29

Resistor Reference Guide

#resistor

MOSFET Formuls

#MOSFET

AC Circuit Formulas

#AC #Circuit

Removing shields from bearings depends on the type of bearing shield/seal you have. There are 3 common versions:
• #ZZ / Z → metal shields (non-contact)
• #RS / 2RS → rubber seals (contact)
• Open bearing → no shield

Below is a safe workshop method used for electric #motors, #pumps, #fans, etc.

First — Should you remove them?

Remove shields only if:
• You need to regrease or inspect
• You are converting sealed bearing → open (common on ship motors)
• Bearing is not being replaced anyway

Do not remove if the bearing will stay sealed in dusty/wet environments.

Removing RUBBER seals (RS / 2RS) – easiest

Tools:
• Sewing needle / dental pick / very small flat screwdriver

Steps:
1. Hold the #bearing in your hand.
2. Look at the inner race edge — you will see the rubber lip sitting in a groove.
3. Insert needle between inner race and seal.
4. Gently pry upward.
5. Once the lip pops out → pull the seal off with fingers.

Important:
• Do not stab the rubber.
• Do not bend the metal ring inside the seal.

You can reinstall the #seal later by pressing it back.

Removing METAL #shields (Z / ZZ) – more delicate

Metal shields are thin steel discs crimped into the outer race.

Tools:
• Needle / sharp pick / safety pin
• Good #lighting

Steps:
1. Find the tiny gap between shield edge and outer race.
2. Insert needle into the gap.
3. Twist slightly to lift the shield edge.
4. Move around the circumference slowly.
5. The shield will pop out.

Key rule:
Do NOT bend the shield too much if you want to reuse it.

These shields deform easily.

Cleaning and regreasing (after removal)

Typical motor procedure:
1. Remove old grease:
• Wipe with lint-free cloth.
• Flush with electrical cleaner or kerosene.
2. Spin bearing until fully clean.
3. Dry completely.
4. Fill grease only 30–40% of free space.

#Overgreasing kills bearings faster than undergreasing.

Reinstalling shield/seal
• Rubber seal → press evenly with fingers.
• Metal shield → press gently around edges using socket or flat tube.

Never press on the inner race when installing shields.

💡 Pro marine practice

On electric motors we often:
• Remove one side seal
• Leave the other side sealed
• Install bearing with open side toward grease nipple

This converts bearing into re-greasable type.

#bearings

On February 25, 1896, Nikola Tesla received a patent for an alternating current (AC) #motor—another milestone that helped establish the modern electric power system.

What the AC motor is

An AC motor converts electrical energy from alternating current into mechanical motion. Unlike earlier motors that relied on direct current (#DC), Tesla’s design used a rotating magnetic field to produce smooth and efficient rotation without the need for brushes or complex mechanical commutators.

Why this invention was important

Tesla’s #AC motor became a key component of the new electrical infrastructure that was spreading across the world.

Main advantages
1. Simplicity and reliability
AC motors had fewer moving electrical parts, which meant less maintenance and longer service life.
2. High efficiency
They converted electricity into motion more efficiently, making them ideal for industry and transportation.
3. Perfect match for AC power grids
Since power plants were beginning to generate alternating current, Tesla’s motor could run directly from the grid.

Impact on the world

The #AC motor made it possible to power:
• Factories and industrial machines
• #Pumps, #fans, and #compressors
• Electric trains and transportation systems
• Household appliances

Today, most electric #motors used worldwide are based on the same fundamental principles introduced by Tesla in the 1896 patent.

#NikolaTesla #Tesla