🌎ጅኦግራፊ የምስል ጥያቄ በኢንትራንስ ፈተና ሊመጣ የሚችል The Earth parts

🔴1. Crust: The outermost layer of the Earth, ranging from about 5 to 70 kilometers  in thickness beneath the continents and about 5 to 10 kilometers  beneath the ocean floor.

It is composed primarily of solid rock and is divided into continental crust  and oceanic crust .

🔴2. Mantle: The layer beneath the crust, extending from about 70 kilometers to approximately 2,900 kilometers  deep.

It is primarily composed of semi-solid rock, including silicate minerals, and is subdivided into the upper mantle and the lower mantle.

🔴3. Core: The innermost layer of the Earth, consisting of two parts:

A.Outer Core: A layer of molten iron and nickel surrounding the solid inner core. It extends from approximately 2,900 kilometers to about 5,150 kilometers below the Earth's surface.

B.Inner Core: A solid, dense sphere composed mainly of iron and nickel.

@ethiohigh_school ☑

➡️Social ተማሪዎች ከGrade 11 Geography New curriculum ለEntrance Exam ግዴታ ልታውቋቸው የሚገቡ ፈተና ላይ ሁልጊዜ የሚመጡ ጥያቄዎች

1. The branch of geography that studies the distribution of plants and animals is called ⇒ Biogeography
2. The merging of contour lines on a topographic map indicates ⇒ a cliff or overhanging cliff
3. The process of estimating contour line positions between known spot heights is called ⇒ interpolation
4. Two points on opposite sides of a convex slope are generally ⇒ not intervisible
5. The drainage pattern characterized by tree-like branching with tributaries joining at acute angles is ⇒ dendritic drainage
6. The pirate stream in a river capture event ⇒ diverts the headwaters of the victim stream
7. The V-shaped contour patterns pointing toward higher ground represent ⇒ valleys
8. The geographic approach that studies all phenomena within a defined spatial unit is ⇒ regional geography
9. The school of thought emphasizing human ability to modify the environment is ⇒ environmental possibilism
10. Africa's largest lake by surface area is ⇒ Lake Victoria

11. The longest river in Africa is ⇒ the Nile River
12. The Great East African Rift Valley was primarily formed by ⇒ faulting processes
13. The ocean current causing aridity along southwestern Africa is ⇒ Benguela Current
14. The climatic region with year-round high temperatures and rainfall in Africa is ⇒ equatorial climate
15. The transitional vegetation zone between Sahara desert and savanna grasslands is ⇒ Sahel region
16. The concept explaining Africa's hot climate due to its latitudinal position is ⇒ high sun angle throughout the year
17. The river with most consistent annual discharge due to equatorial basin location is ⇒ Congo River
18. The contour interval on a map represents ⇒ vertical distance between successive contour lines
19. The type of settlement pattern developing along transportation routes is ⇒ linear (ribbon) settlement
20. The most accurate method of interpolating contour lines is ⇒ graphical method using tracing paper

21. The African region with highest population density is ⇒ Eastern Africa
22. The dominant economic activity in most African rural settlements is ⇒ agriculture
23. The geographic tool combining hardware, software and spatial data for analysis is ⇒ Geographic Information System (GIS)
24. The process of planting trees where forests previously existed is ⇒ reforestation
25. The term for planting trees in previously non-forested areas is ⇒ afforestation
26. The climate type found at Africa's northern and southern tips is ⇒ Mediterranean climate
27. The river basin comprising Africa's largest equatorial rainforest is ⇒ Congo Basin
28. The vegetation type adapted to arid conditions with water-storing tissues is ⇒ xerophytic vegetation
29. The map symbol convention where every fifth contour line is darker is ⇒ index contour

30. The geologic era responsible for forming Africa's present-day major relief features is ⇒ Cenozoic Era
31. The statistical technique introduced during geography's Quantitative Revolution is ⇒ multivariable analysis
32. The cartographic method showing relief using different color bands is ⇒ layer tinting
33. The vegetation layer in tropical rainforests with the least sunlight penetration is ⇒ forest floor
34. The wind system bringing summer rainfall to the Ethiopian highlands is ⇒ Guinea monsoon (equatorial westerlies)

✅Geography Deep ድረስ ጥልቅ ብላችሁ እየጣጣማችሁ አንብቡት የተሻለ ውጤት የሚሰራበት ትምህርት ነው !

@ethiohigh_school ☑

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Fluid Statics (Fluids at Rest)〰️

a) Density (ρ)

Defined as mass per unit volume
ρ = m / V
Unit: kg/m³


b) Pressure in Fluids

Pressure is the force applied per unit area:
P = F / A
Unit: Pascal (Pa)


c) Pressure due to a Column of Fluid

P = ρgh
Where:

ρ = density of the fluid

g = gravitational acceleration

h = height/depth of the fluid



d) Pascal’s Principle

A change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid.
Used in hydraulic systems.


e) Archimedes’ Principle

A body submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.
F_b = ρ_fluid × g × V_displaced


f) Conditions of Floating and Sinking

✅Floating: Weight = Buoyant force

✅Sinking: Weight > Buoyant force

✅Suspended: Weight = Buoyant force (object remains at equilibrium)

Heart Chambers

✅The human heart has four chambers

1. Right Atrium – receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena cava.


2. Right Ventricle – pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.


3. Left Atrium – receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.


4. Left Ventricle – pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.



💡 The atria (plural of atrium) are the upper chambers and have thin walls, while the ventricles are the lower chambers and have thick, muscular walls—especially the left ventricle, which pumps blood to the whole body.

@ethiohigh_school ☑️

❓What is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart chambers, starting from the body?(USSLCE 2016)

A. Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Body

B. Left atrium → Left ventricle → Lungs → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Body

C. Right ventricle → Right atrium → Lungs → Left ventricle → Left atrium → Body

D. Right atrium → Left atrium → Right ventricle → Left ventricle → Body

🧠comment @ethiohigh_school ☑️

Matrices

☛ A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns.

☛ A matrix is usually denoted by capital letters (e.g., A, B, C).

☛ Each number in a matrix is called an element or entry.


⊙Notation
☛ If a matrix A has m rows and n columns, we write it as Aₘₓₙ (m by n matrix).

✔️ Types of Matrices

☑Row matrix: Only one row (e.g., [2 3 5])

☑Column matrix: Only one column

☑Square matrix: Same number of rows and columns

☑Zero (Null) matrix: All elements are 0

☑Diagonal matrix: Only diagonal elements are non-zero

☑Scalar matrix: Diagonal matrix with same diagonal values

☑Identity matrix (Iₙ): Diagonal = 1, rest = 0

☑Symmetric matrix: A = Aᵗ (transpose)

☑Skew-symmetric matrix: A = -Aᵗ


✔ Matrix Operations

a) Addition and Subtraction

☛ Only possible if matrices have same order

☛ Add/subtract corresponding elements


b) Scalar Multiplication

☛ Multiply each element by a scalar (number)


c) Matrix Multiplication

Multiply Aₘₓₙ × Bₙₓₚ results in Cₘₓₚ

Rule: Multiply row by column

@ethiohigh_school ☑️