حصل

"وينهن النسوان؟"

نوب ياريت ٣٥ راد منا ٥٠

يوم ربه كامز

[خُذِ الْعَفْوَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْجَاهِلِينَ]

(سورة الاعراف)

But even the richest of the rich somehow feel threatened when their buying power goes down. In 1929, when the U.S. stock market crashed, some of those bankers who famously jumped out of high-rise windows were still worth a million dollars when they hit the sidewalk. How much they had didn’t matter: it was how much less they had that got to them.

— Destiny Disrupted

In other regards, the Protestant Reformation resembled the movements of Ibn Hanbal ابن حنبل and Ibn Taymiyah ابن تيمية—the exact opposite of Sufism. Like those Muslim theologians, Protestant reformers sought to delegitimize all later accretions of doctrine and go back to the original source: the Bible. The Book.

— Destiny Disrupted

ليش التقدم العلمي صار عند الأوروبيين مو عند المسلمين (رغم أنّ المسلمين حققوا هواي إكتشافات علمية قبل الغرب بقرون)؟

But here’s the really interesting mystery to think about. Muslim scientists had come right to the threshold of virtually all these discoveries long before the West arrived there. In the tenth century, for example, al-Razi refuted Galen’s theory of four humors as a basis for medical treatment. In the eleventh century, Ibn Sina analyzed motion mathematically, as Newton was to do so fruitfully six centuries later. In the thirteenth century, about three hundred years before Vesalius, Ibn al-Nafis described how blood circulated in the body. Ibn al-Haytham, who died in 1039, discovered the spectrum, described the scientific method, and established quantification and experiment as the basis for scientific exploration: he pretty much pre-Newtoned Newton and pre-Descarted Descartes. Muslims had already elaborated the atomic view of matter, which they took from Indian scientists, and some had elaborated the mechanistic model of the universe, which they had gotten from the Chinese. The momentous thing was not so much the discoveries themselves as the fact that in the West they persisted, they accumulated, and they reinforced one another until they brought about a complete and coherent new way to view and approach the world, the scientific view, which enabled the West’s later explosive advances in technology. Why did all this happen in the West but not in the East?

الجواب ببساطة زايدة هو أنّ الإكتشافات العلمية وحدها غير كافية لتقدم الحضارة. لازم أكو نظام يدعم هذا التقدم واستمراريته ويحوّل هاي الإكتشافات من صيغتها العلمية النظرية إلى إختراعات عسكرية وإقتصادية جديدة.
المسلمين حققوا هالإكتشافات بنهاية العصر الذهبي الإسلامي وبداية تفكك النظام السياسي والإجتماعي والإقتصادي بالشرق الأوسط، ولهذا إكتشافاتهم ضاعت بسبب عدم إستقرار الحضارة العربية الإسلامية آنذاك. الأوروبيين حققوا تقدم علمي ببداية عصرهم الذهبي، ولهذا حققتلهم تقدم عسكري واقتصادي (لأن جان أكو نظام يشجع تحويلها من صيغتها النظرية للعملية).

شخصية الفرد اليميني:

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Cafe in Cartagena, Colombia 1989