FOXP2 is usually called "the language gene." It exists in many animals and is usually conserved (unchanged) in mammals, except in humans, where it had some mutations.


So, what did researchers do?
They took the human version of FOXP2 and inserted it in the mouse genome... Now, guess what happened:
These mice acquired skills and information faster than the normal mice.

So maybe what the mutations of the language gene did, is that they accelerated our already-existing ability to learn language, rather than "give us" the ability in the first place.

What happens when you put "the language gene" of humans in a mouse:

Also known as, Infectious Mononucleosis, and Glandular fever

Clinical picture

Pathophysiology

تبقى ملاحظة أخيرة نسيت أذكرها:
الـ swollen lymph nodes سببها هو أنّ الفايروس يصيب الـ B-cells الموجودة بيها

هاي ليش محد دا يروج ل better call Saul

اني، اللي صارلي شهرين اكلج تشوفيه:

*من البوت*

Simple renal cyst
Or renal epithelial cyst

They are the most common type of renal cysts. The incidence increases with age. Approximately 25% of people who are 40 years or older and approximately 50% of people 50 years and older have simple kidney cysts.

They are mostly asymptomatic and detected incidentally upon radiological exams of the abdomen or at autopsy. And they can be bilateral. Management is not required unless the cyst becomes infected or enlarges and causes symptoms.

If a cyst becomes infected, antibiotics are necessary. If a cyst is so large that it is exerting mass effect or pressure on another organ, the two most common procedures for treating simple kidney cysts are (1) aspiration and sclerotherapy and (2) laparoscopic surgery to remove the cyst. Ethanol is most commonly used in sclerotherapy.

Signs and symptoms of cystic renal cell carcinoma include:

- Macroscopic hematuria (in 60% of patients)
- Flank pain (40%)
- Palpable flank mass (30-40%)

But only 10-15% of patients will present with the classic triad of symptoms.