“Tell me if anything was ever done,” Leonardo repeatedly scribbled in notebook after notebook. “Tell me. Tell me. Tell me if ever I did a thing. . . . Tell me if anything was ever made.”

What about all of the scholars and critics over the years who despaired that Leonardo squandered too much time immersed in studying optics and anatomy and the patterns of the cosmos? The Mona Lisa answers them with a smile.

ماذا بشأنِ جميع الباحثين والنقّاد الذين ملأتهم الخيبة على مر السنين لأنّ ليوناردو أضاعَ وبدّد الكثير جدًا من الوقت في دراسته للبصريّات والتشريح وأنماط الكون؟ الموناليزا عندها سوف تردّ عليهم، بابتسامة.

As a well-spent day brings a happy sleep, so a well-employed life brings a happy death.
— Leonardo da Vinci

مثلما أنّ اليومَ إذا استُغِلّ جيدًا فإنّنا في نهايته ننام هانئين، كذلك فإنّ الحياة التي استُغِلّت جيدًا تنتهي بموتٍ سعيد.
— ليوناردو دافنشي

في الوقت الذي يُحرِق الجنونُ به العالم
هناك من يغني من أجل السلام

يا عراق ترجع شي أكيد بحيلك

Leonardo da Vinci's description of the aortic valve

It wasn't until the 1960s when we reached his 400-year-old conclusion about how the aortic valve works

I just finished his biography, I promise I'll stop obsessing over him... maybe...

Just improve yourself, that is all you can do to improve the world.

- Ludwig Wittgenstein

We few, we happy few, we band of brothers;
For he today that sheds his blood with me
Shall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile

- 'Henry V' play by William Shakespeare

بديهية خاصة بأي شعب يحاول ان يرتقي بنفسه، هي ان يأخذ المعارف التي تحرّك عالمه من الشعوب الحيّة الصانعة لها، بغية ان يصل لمرتبتها.
افشل البلدان هي التي يكثر رجالها من تأليف الكتب لتمجيد ازمنتهم الغابرة، ويتركوا ما لدى الشعوب المتحضّرة من معارف. بل يشيطنوها.
على اساس هذا، اهم مهنة معرفية بالنسبة لنا هي الترجمة.
المترجم هو اهم مثقّف.
المترجم هو ربان هذه الامّة
سلامة البصيرة لديه هي الأهم.

- اللوحة لقدّيس المترجمين، القديس جيروم مترجم الكتاب المقدّس إلى الاتينية.
في يوم الترجمة العالمي.

Here's a practically useless information:

Why paracetamol is not a NSAID?

Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes have 2 subunits: a cyclooxygenase subunit, and a peroxidase subunit.

Most NSAIDs work by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase subunit, and therefore, they inhibit the prostaglandin production and produce their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.

Acetamenophin on the other hand, works by inhibiting the peroxidase subunit. Therefore, in sites of inflammation, where peroxide is elevated, acetamenophin loses its ability to inhibit COX enzymes, and as a result, fails as an anti-inflammatory agent but not as an analgesic. This is because the drug is still able to inhibit COX enzymes in the pain centers of the CNS to reduce pain.

NSAIDs and hypertension

NSAIDs and acetamenophin are known to have hypertensive effect, possibly because they decrease sodium excretion in the kidneys and cause volume expansion.
They are also known to decrease the efficacy of anti-hypertensive drugs except for calcium-channel blockers (CCPs), and possibly also beta-blockers (BBs). So in patients with chronic NSAIDs use, treat them with CCPs or BBs as a 1st-line therapy for hypertension.

My German engineer, I think, is a fool. I asked him to admit that there was not a rhinoceros in the room, but he wouldn’t.

أكثر النقاشات اللامنطقية هي نقاشات علماء المنطق

He has the artist’s feeling that he will produce the perfect thing or nothing.

- Bertrand Russell, describing Wittgenstein