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A labyrinth of ideas,
A diary of curiosities

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๐Ÿ˜ฑ
ู…ูˆ ุฎูˆุด ุฎุจุฑ ุจุณ ุดู†ุณูˆูŠ ู‡ู… ุตุญูŠุญ
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Forwarded from Out of Season
ูˆุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุฃู† ู‚ุฏุฑู‹ุง ุนุธูŠู…ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ูŒ ุจุงู„ุญุณุฏ.
Forwarded from The Shire (Venom)
Forwarded from The Shire (Venom)
The pleasure principle
& The reality principle
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The pleasure principle & The reality principle
ูุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฌุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู„ุงูˆุนูŠ ูŠุญูƒู…ู‡ ูˆูŠุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฏุงูุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู„ุฐุฉ (The pleasure principle)ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุฑุบุจุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุฐุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชุนุฉ ุงู„ููˆุฑูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุญุตู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุทู„ุนุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุกุŒ ูˆู…ุชุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง...
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠ ุจู„ ูˆุญุชู‰ ุฎุทูŠุฑ. ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุนูŠ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ู„ุฐุฉ ุงู„ููˆุฑูŠุฉ ุจูƒู„ ูˆู‚ุช ูŠุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ุง ู†ู†ุชุจู‡ ู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„. ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ููƒุฑ ุจูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุดู„ูˆู† ู†ุดุจุน ูƒู„ ุฑุบุจุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุขู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃู†ู’ ู†ุฎุทุท ุฃูˆ ู†ููƒุฑ ุจุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุญ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ. ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุŒ ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู„ุฐุฉ ูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุบุฑุงุฆุฒู†ุง ุชุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุญุชู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช.

ู„ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูŠูƒู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุฐุงุช Ego ุทูˆู‘ุฑุช ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ูุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุจู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุฉ (The reality principle). ู‡ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ ู‡ู…ูŠู† ูŠุณุนู‰ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ู„ุฐุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูŠูƒุฏุฑ ูŠุฃุฎุฑู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุฃูˆ ูŠุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฉ ุงู„ุขู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฃูุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠุฉ. ุดุบู„ุชู‡ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุฃู†ู’ ูŠูˆูู‘ู‚ ุจูŠู† ุณุนูŠู†ุง ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ู„ุฐุฉ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูˆุนู‚ุจุงุชู‡ ูˆู…ุฎุงุทุฑู‡. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณู…ุญู„ูƒ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุจุฃู†ู’ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุฑุบุจุชูƒ ุจุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณูˆูŠ ุฑูŠุฌูŠู…ุŒ ุนู„ู…ูˆุฏ ุชุญุตู„ ู„ุฐุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ ุฌุณู…ูƒ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃุฑุชุจ ุฃูˆ ุตุญุชูƒ ุชุชุญุณู† ูˆู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ุณูˆุงู„ู.
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The pleasure principle & The reality principle
From the point of view of the self-preservation of the organism among the difficulties of the external world, [the pleasure principle] is from the very outset inefficient and even highly dangerous. Under the influence of the ego's instincts of self-preservation, the pleasure principle is replaced by the reality principle. This latter principle does not abandon the intention of ultimately obtaining pleasure, but it nevertheless demands and carries into effect the postponement of satisfaction, the abandonment of a number of possibilities of gaining satisfaction and the temporary toleration of unpleasure as a step on the long indirect road to pleasure. The pleasure principle long persists, however, as the method of working employed by the sexual instincts, which are so hard to 'educate', and, starting from those instincts, or in the ego itself, it often succeeds in overcoming the reality principle, to the detriment of the organism as a whole.

โ€” Beyond The Pleasure Principle
The death drive (Todestrieb)
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The death drive (Todestrieb)
ุจุณ ุฌุงู†ุช ุฃูƒูˆ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ุง ูŠูƒุฏุฑ ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู„ุฐุฉ ูŠูุณุฑู‡ุง: ู„ูŠุด ุถุญุงูŠุง ุงู„ุญุฑูˆุจ ูˆุงู„ูƒูˆุงุฑุซ ุจู‡ูˆุงูŠ ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠุฑุฌุนูˆู† ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ ู…ุงู„ุชู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุญู„ุงู… ุฃูˆ ุฐูƒุฑูŠุงุช ุชู‚ุชุญู… ูˆุนูŠู‡ู… ุจุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ู…ูˆ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉุŸ
ู‡ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุณู…ุงู‡ุง ูุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ู€ repitition ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุถุญูŠุฉ "ูŠูƒุฑู‘ุฑุŒ ูˆูŠูุนูŠุฏ ุนูŽูŠุด" ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู…ุฃุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑู„ู‡. ุฅุฐุง ุฌุงู† ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู„ุฐุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงูƒูู…ุŒ ูุฃุญู„ุงู…ู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฌุงู†ุช ุฑุญ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุญู„ูˆุฉ ูˆู„ุทูŠูุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุฃุตู„ู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฌุงู† ุฑุญ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ู…ุชุนุฉ. ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุนูŠุด ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ูˆุงู„ู…ุฃุณุงุฉ. ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณู†ุฉ 1920ุŒ ูุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุฃุฏุฑูƒ ุจุฃู†ู‘ ุฃูƒูˆ ุฏุงูุน ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ุจุดุฑ ูˆู†ุดุฑ ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ูˆุฑุงุก ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู„ุฐุฉ (Beyond the pleasure principle).

ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงุฌุช ุจุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุญูŠุฉุŒ ุฃูŽูŠ ู…ูŠุชุฉุŒ ูุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุจุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุณุจู‚ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุจุนุฏู‡ุง. ู„ู‡ุฐุง ูุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ (ูˆู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ) ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุงูุน ุจุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง: ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุงูุน ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุช (Death drive)ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ุจุงู„ูƒุงุฆู† ุงู„ุญูŠ ู†ุญูˆ ุญุงู„ุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉุŒ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุช ูˆุงู„ุชุญู„ู„ ูˆุฑุฌูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูุตูˆู„ู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ. ู‡ุงู„ุดูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูุณุฑู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆูŠุฉ ุถุญุงูŠุง ุงู„ุตุฏู…ุงุชุŒ ูˆูŠูุณุฑู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุด ู„ู…ุง ุชุชู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุญุงูุฉ ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุงูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุชุฌูŠูƒ ุฑุบุจุฉ ู…ูุงุฌุฆุฉ ุจุฃู† ุชูƒู…ุฒ ุฃูˆ ุชุฏูุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุตููƒ. ูƒู„ู‡ู† ุชุนุจูŠุฑุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู…ูŽูŠู„ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆุญู†ูŠู†ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฑุฌูˆุน ู„ุญุงู„ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุช.
ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุงูุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณุนู‰ ู„ุชุฌุฏุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑูŠุชู‡ุง. ูุฑูˆูŠุฏ ูŠุณู…ู‘ูŠู‡ ErosุŒ ุฅู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญุจ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุทูŠุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠู…ุซู‘ู„ ุฑุบุจุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุญุชู‰ ูˆุฅู†ู’ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุตุฑุงุน ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนู‚ูŠู… ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูุฌุฏูŠ.
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูุฑูˆูŠุฏุŒ ุงู„ุฏุงูุนูŽูŠู† ุฐู†ูŠ (ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุช) ูŠุชุตุงุฑุนู† ุจุฏุงุฎู„ู†ุง ูˆุจุฏุงุฎู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุจุขุฎุฑุŒ ูˆูŠุณุชุดู‡ุฏ ุจุดูˆุจู†ู‡ุงูˆุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู„ ุจุฃู†ู‘ "ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู„ู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุช." ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุฑุบุจุงุช ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉ ุชู…ุซู‘ู„ ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
Eros operates from the beginning of life and appears as a 'life instinct' in opposition to the 'death instinct' which was brought into being by the coming to life of inorganic substance. These speculations seek to solve the riddle of life by supposing that these two instincts were struggling with each other from the very first.

โ€” Beyond The Pleasure Principle
+ ูุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุทู„ุน ู‚ุงุฑูŠ ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฑูŠุŒ ุจุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
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+ ูุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุทู„ุน ู‚ุงุฑูŠ ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฑูŠุŒ ุจุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
German:
Was man nicht erfliegen kann, muss man erhinken.
Die Schrift sagt, es ist keine Sรผnde zu hinken.

English:
What we cannot reach flying, we must reach limping.
The Book [Quran] tells us it is no sin to limp.
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German: Was man nicht erfliegen kann, muss man erhinken. Die Schrift sagt, es ist keine Sรผnde zu hinken. English: What we cannot reach flying, we must reach limping. The Book [Quran] tells us it is no sin to limp.
ุชุนุงุฑูŽุฌู’ุชู ู„ุง ุฑูŽุบุจูŽุฉู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑูŽุฌู’
ูˆู„ูƒูู†ู’ ู„ุฃู‚ู’ุฑูŽุนูŽ ุจุงุจูŽ ุงู„ูุฑูŽุฌ

ูˆุฃูู„ู’ู‚ูŠูŽ ุญุจู’ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุบุงุฑูุจูŠ
ูˆุฃุณู„ููƒูŽ ู…ุณู’ู„ูŽูƒูŽ ู…ูŽู† ู‚ุฏ ู…ุฑูŽุฌู’

ูุฅู†ู’ ู„ุงู…ูŽู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ู ู‚ู„ุชู ุงุนุฐูุฑูˆุง
ูู„ูŠุณูŽ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุนู’ุฑูŽุฌู ู…ู† ุญุฑูŽุฌู’


โ€” ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฑูŠุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุณุงู† ุฃุจูŠ ุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุณุฑูˆุฌูŠ
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The death drive (Todestrieb)
ุฅู†ู‘ูŠ ุฃุฑู‰ ู…ูˆุชูŠ ุฅูŠุงุจู‹ุง ู…ูู† ุณูŽููŽุฑ
ูŠุง ุตุงุญูุจูŠ ุฃู‚ุฏูู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูŠุฑู ูˆุดูŽุฑ
ูŠูŽุธููŽุฑ ุจุงุบูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชู ู„ุง ุจุงุบูŠ ุงู„ุธูŽููŽุฑ
ูˆุฑูุจู‘ูŽ ู…ุบู„ูˆุจู ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู…ุงุชูŽ ุงู†ุชุตูŽุฑ

โ€” ุชู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุจุฑุบูˆุซูŠุŒ ู…ู„ุญู…ุฉ ูƒู„ูƒุงู…ุด
Biology is truly a land of unlimited possibilities. We may expect it to give us the most surprising information and we cannot guess what answers it will return in a few dozen years to the questions we have put to it. They may be of a kind which will blow away the whole of our artificial structure of hypotheses. If so, it may be asked why I have embarked upon such a line of thought as the present one, and in particular why I have decided to make it public. Wellโ€”I cannot deny that some of the analogies, correlations and connections which it contains seemed to me to deserve consideration.

โ€” Beyond The Pleasure Principle, by Sigmund Freud
Forwarded from The Shire (Venom)
ู„ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ ู„ู… ุชุฑู‚ ุฏู…ุนู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทู„ู„