IndAIR

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) has launched the country’s first interactive online repository, called IndAIR or Indian Air quality Interactive Repository.

▪️The repository is one of few such facilities in the world and has the maximum number of studies-262 concerning Delhi-NCR

Under Kyoto Protocol

A removal unit (RMU) on the basis of land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities such as reforestation

An emission reduction unit (ERU) generated by a joint implementation project


A certified emission reduction (CER) generated from a clean development mechanism project activity

Transfers and acquisitions of these units are tracked and recorded through the registry systems under the Kyoto Protocol.

An international transaction log ensures secure transfer of emission reduction units between countries.

What is International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme?

The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) is a research programme that studies the phenomenon of global change.

This programme envisions coordinating international research on global-scale and regional-scale interactions between Earth's biological, chemical and physical processes and their interactions with human systems.

It was launched in 1987 by International Council of Scientific Union.

This programme envisions coordinating international research on global-scale and regional-scale interactions between Earth's biological, chemical and physical processes and their interactions with human systems

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The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity, also known as the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing is a 2010 supplementary agreement to the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity.

Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure (PIC)
▪️For Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade
▪️ It was adopted in September 1998 and entered into force in 2004.
▪️It’s jointly administered by the United Nation &Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and UN Environment (UNEP).
▪️It creates legally binding obligations for the implementation of the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure. It built on the voluntary PIC procedure, initiated by UNEP and FAO in 1989.

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Wealth Accounting and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES)

Wealth Accounting and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES) is a World Bank-led global partnership that aims to promote sustainable development by ensuring that natural resources are mainstreamed in development planning and national economic accounts.

WAVES is now part of the broader World Bank umbrella initiative, the Global Program for Sustainability (GPS).

Brown to Green Report

▪️The 2019 Brown to Green Report has been published by the Climate Transparency partnership, an international research collaboration.
▪️The report is the most comprehensive review of G20 countries’ climate performance, mapping achievements and drawbacks in their efforts to reduce emissions, adapt to climate impacts and green the financial system.
Findings of report
▪️Carbon emissions from the world’s 20 biggest economies, including India, are rising.
▪️ None of the G20 countries have plans that will help them achieve the target.
▪️Many of the current 2030 climate targets under the Paris Agreement (Nationally Determined Contributions or NDCs) are too weak, with about half of the G20 countries projected to meet or overachieve their inadequate NDCs.

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Biomining

Biomining is the process of using microorganisms (microbes) to extract metals of economic interest from rock ores or mine waste.
▪️Biomining techniques may also be used to clean up sites that have been polluted with metals.
▪️Bioremediation is the use of living micro organisms to degrade the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms.
▪️It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade or detoxify substances hazardous to human health and/or the environment.

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The Global Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Protection Program (GSLEP):
▪️It seeks to address high-mountain development issues using the conservation of the charismatic and endangered snow leopard as a flagship.
▪️The GSLEP is a range-wide effort that unites range country governments, nongovernmental and inter-governmental organizations, local communities, and the private sector .
▪️The snow leopard countries namely, India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Mongolia, Russia,
Pakistan, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
▪️It majorly focuses on the need for awareness and understanding of the value of Snow Leopard for the ecosystem.
▪️The GSLEP Program (2019) was organized by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change at New Delhi.

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DUGONG
▪️It is a medium-sized marine mammal.
▪️It is a species of sea cow found throughout the warm latitudes of the Indian and western Pacific Oceans..
▪️ herbivorous marine mammal.
▪️Habitat- The dugong is largely dependent on seagrass communities for subsistence.
▪️It can be found from East Africa to Australia, including the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Pacific.
▪️Threat- Hunting for their meat, oil, skin, bones, and teeth, Threats to sea grass, Climate change etc.
▪️ IUCN Red List Status- Vulnerable (VU).
▪️ Wildlife Protection Act, 1972- Schedule I
▪️ CITES - Appendix I


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IPCC
- Created in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

- Headquarter: Geneva

- Objective: To provide governments at all levels with scientific information that they can use to develop climate policies. IPCC reports are also a key input into international climate change negotiations.

Composition:The IPCC is an organization of governments that are members of the United Nations or WMO. The IPCC currently has 195 members.

Amazon rainforests
▪️ It is the world’s biggest rainforest, larger than the next two largest rainforests in the
Congo Basin and Indonesia combined.
▪️The Amazon River is by far the world’s largest river by volume.
▪️The Amazon River once had flown west-ward instead of east-ward as it does today. The rise
of the Andes caused it to flow into the Atlantic Ocean.
▪️It is bounded by the Guiana Highlands to the north, the Andes Mountains to the west, the Brazilian central plateau to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east