The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)


The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) is a global initiative focused on “making nature’s values visible”.

Its principal objective is to mainstream the values of biodiversity and ecosystem services into decision-making at all levels.

It aims to achieve this goal by following a structured approach to valuation that helps decision-makers recognize the wide range of benefits provided by ecosystems and biodiversity, demonstrate their values in economic terms and, where appropriate, suggest how to capture those values in decision-making

TEEB Office Based in Geneva, Switzerland at the International Environment House, the TEEB office is hosted by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) under the Economics and Trade Branch (ETB) of the Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE).

The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) is an intergovernmental organization based in Geneva, Switzerland.

UPOV was established in 1961 by the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (the “UPOV Convention”)

The mission of UPOV is to provide and promote an effective system of plant variety protection, with the aim of encouraging the development of new varieties of plants, for the benefit of society.India is not a member to UPOV.

Tropical Forest Alliance 2020

• Founded at Rio+20.

• It is a global public-private partnership dedicated to collaborative action to realize sustainable rural development and better growth opportunities based on reduced deforestation and
sustainable land use management in tropical forest countries.


-Aims to halve deforestation by 2020 and end it by 2030.


• TFA is funded by the governments of Norway, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands

-Secretariat is hosted at the World Economic Forum.

Chile-Madrid Time for Action declaration
COP25 passed the declaration calling on countries to improve their current pledges to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

It also endorsed to help poor countries that are suffering the effects of climate change, although any new funds were not allocated for the purpose.

It called on the “ urgent need" to cut planet-heating greenhouse gases in line with the goals of the 2015 Paris climate change accord.

IndAIR

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) has launched the country’s first interactive online repository, called IndAIR or Indian Air quality Interactive Repository.

▪️The repository is one of few such facilities in the world and has the maximum number of studies-262 concerning Delhi-NCR

Under Kyoto Protocol

A removal unit (RMU) on the basis of land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities such as reforestation

An emission reduction unit (ERU) generated by a joint implementation project


A certified emission reduction (CER) generated from a clean development mechanism project activity

Transfers and acquisitions of these units are tracked and recorded through the registry systems under the Kyoto Protocol.

An international transaction log ensures secure transfer of emission reduction units between countries.

What is International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme?

The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) is a research programme that studies the phenomenon of global change.

This programme envisions coordinating international research on global-scale and regional-scale interactions between Earth's biological, chemical and physical processes and their interactions with human systems.

It was launched in 1987 by International Council of Scientific Union.

This programme envisions coordinating international research on global-scale and regional-scale interactions between Earth's biological, chemical and physical processes and their interactions with human systems

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The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity, also known as the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing is a 2010 supplementary agreement to the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity.

Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure (PIC)
▪️For Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade
▪️ It was adopted in September 1998 and entered into force in 2004.
▪️It’s jointly administered by the United Nation &Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and UN Environment (UNEP).
▪️It creates legally binding obligations for the implementation of the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure. It built on the voluntary PIC procedure, initiated by UNEP and FAO in 1989.

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Wealth Accounting and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES)

Wealth Accounting and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES) is a World Bank-led global partnership that aims to promote sustainable development by ensuring that natural resources are mainstreamed in development planning and national economic accounts.

WAVES is now part of the broader World Bank umbrella initiative, the Global Program for Sustainability (GPS).

Brown to Green Report

▪️The 2019 Brown to Green Report has been published by the Climate Transparency partnership, an international research collaboration.
▪️The report is the most comprehensive review of G20 countries’ climate performance, mapping achievements and drawbacks in their efforts to reduce emissions, adapt to climate impacts and green the financial system.
Findings of report
▪️Carbon emissions from the world’s 20 biggest economies, including India, are rising.
▪️ None of the G20 countries have plans that will help them achieve the target.
▪️Many of the current 2030 climate targets under the Paris Agreement (Nationally Determined Contributions or NDCs) are too weak, with about half of the G20 countries projected to meet or overachieve their inadequate NDCs.

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