Bioventing is a process of stimulating the natural in situ biodegradation of contaminants
in soil by providing air or oxygen to existing soil microorganisms.
Bioventing uses low air flow rates to provide only enough oxygen to sustain microbial activity in the vadose zone

Biosparging is an in-situ remediation technology that uses indigenous microorganisms to
biodegrade organic constituents in the saturated zone. In biosparging, air (or oxygen) and nutrients (if needed) are injected into the saturated zone to increase the biological activity of the
indigenous microorganisms.

Bioaugmentation is the practice of adding cultured microorganisms into the subsurface for the purpose of biodegrading specific soil and groundwater contaminants.

Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition (CPLC), is a voluntary partnership launched by World Bank of national and sub-national governments, businesses, and civil society organizations that agree to expand the use of effective carbon pricing policies that can maintain competitiveness, create jobs, encourage innovation, and deliver
meaningful emissions reductions.

Launched in 2015 at COP21 in Paris,


The CPLC Secretariat administered by the World Bank Group.


From India, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation andlndian Railways are the government level partners

Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM)

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement established the Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM) as a new carbon market instrument for the period after 2020.

Its purpose is inter alia to replace the existing mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism with a more effective climate tool.


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Honolulu Strategy

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the United States and UNEP created the Honolulu Strategy—a planning tool to reduce plastic pollution and its impacts.

Pollution and Health Metrics: Global, Regional and Country Analysis report

by

the Global Alliance on Health and Pollution (GAHP)

Provides a ranking of pollution deaths on global, regional and country levels.

Wise Use

Ramsar Convention defines the ‘wise use’ of wetlands as “the maintenance of their ecological character, achieved through the implementation of ecosystem approaches, within the context of sustainable development”

Chinkara gazelles survives in the dry habitats and does not require much water for their
survival.



• IUCN Status: Least Concern

Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary
- Karnataka’s State Board for Wild Life has notified Bukkapatna Chinkara Wildlife sanctuary in Tamakuru District.

#thanks ADITI

GBIF—the Global Biodiversity Information Facility—is an international network and research infrastructure funded by the world's governments and aimed at providing anyone, anywhere, open access to data about all types of life on Earth.

Coordinated through its Secretariat in Copenhagen, the GBIF network of participating countries and organizations, working through participant nodes, provides data-holding institutions around the world with common standards and open-source tools that enable them to share information about where and when species have been recorded.

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Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) Agreement
• It involves payments to the managers of land or other natural resources in exchange for the
provision of specified ecosystem services over-and-above what would otherwise be provided in the absence of payment
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What is Fly Ash?
• Fly ash is a fine powder, which is the by-product of burning coal in thermal power plants.

• Fly ash includes substantial amounts micron sized earth elements of oxides of silica, aluminum and calcium. Element like Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, lead etc. are also found in trace concentrations.

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)


The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) is a global initiative focused on “making nature’s values visible”.

Its principal objective is to mainstream the values of biodiversity and ecosystem services into decision-making at all levels.

It aims to achieve this goal by following a structured approach to valuation that helps decision-makers recognize the wide range of benefits provided by ecosystems and biodiversity, demonstrate their values in economic terms and, where appropriate, suggest how to capture those values in decision-making

TEEB Office Based in Geneva, Switzerland at the International Environment House, the TEEB office is hosted by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) under the Economics and Trade Branch (ETB) of the Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE).

The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) is an intergovernmental organization based in Geneva, Switzerland.

UPOV was established in 1961 by the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (the “UPOV Convention”)

The mission of UPOV is to provide and promote an effective system of plant variety protection, with the aim of encouraging the development of new varieties of plants, for the benefit of society.India is not a member to UPOV.

Tropical Forest Alliance 2020

• Founded at Rio+20.

• It is a global public-private partnership dedicated to collaborative action to realize sustainable rural development and better growth opportunities based on reduced deforestation and
sustainable land use management in tropical forest countries.


-Aims to halve deforestation by 2020 and end it by 2030.


• TFA is funded by the governments of Norway, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands

-Secretariat is hosted at the World Economic Forum.

Chile-Madrid Time for Action declaration
COP25 passed the declaration calling on countries to improve their current pledges to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

It also endorsed to help poor countries that are suffering the effects of climate change, although any new funds were not allocated for the purpose.

It called on the “ urgent need" to cut planet-heating greenhouse gases in line with the goals of the 2015 Paris climate change accord.