National gene fund

As per the Protection of Plant Variety and Farmers Rights Act, 2001 Section 45, “National Gene Fund” has been constituted to receive (or give) contributions from:

•The Breeder will have to pay royalty which will go to the National Gene Fund

•The amount of the benefit sharing to a variety will have to be deposited by the breeder of such variety to the National Gene Fund.

•If someone gives a claim that the genetic material possessed by him was used in the development of the seed variety by the breeder then the claimant will get benefit sharing from the National Gene Fund.

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The Global Tiger Initiative (GTI)

The Global Tiger Initiative (GTI) was launched in 2008 as a global alliance of governments, international organizations, civil society, the conservation and scientific communities and the private sector, with the aim of working together to save wild tigers from extinction.

In 2013, the scope was broadened to include Snow Leopards.

The GTI’s founding partners included the World Bank, the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Smithsonian Institution, Save the Tiger Fund, and International Tiger Coalition (representing more than 40 non-government organizations).

The initiative is led by the 13 tiger range countries (TRCs).

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Global Assessment Report

A Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR) by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) has warned of new and much larger threats due to extreme climate changes to economies, in particular the Asia Pacific.

The GAR was launched at the ‘Global Platform’ organised by the UNDRR.

The Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (GP) is a biennial multi-stakeholder forum, critical component of the monitoring and implementation process of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030).

Extinction Rebellion

Extinction Rebellion is an international movement that uses non-violent civil disobedience in an attempt to halt mass extinction and minimise the risk of social collapse.

It is a movement made up of people from all walks of life. It started in response to the IPCC report that we only have 12 years to stop catastrophic climate change and our understanding that we have entered the 6th mass extinction event.

It started small and was launched in the UK on October 31st 2018, it has grown very quickly and there are now about 130 Extinction Rebellion groups across the UK and across the world.

The majority of people who work for Extinction Rebellion are volunteers; a small percentage is receiving living expenses.

Decisions are made based on a model of organising called a “self-organising system” in which people do what they can according to the skills and time they can off
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What is Soil Organic Carbon?
-Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the carbon associated with soil organic matter
- SOM comprises the remains of plants and animals in the soil at various stages of decomposition, along with the microbial biomass and several by-products of complex biotic metabolic processes.

FRONTIERS REPORT

• The UN Environment Programme has launched its latest Frontiers report 2018/19, which explores five of the most significant emerging issues on the environment.
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National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board (NAEB)

UNDER Ministry of Environment and Forests, set up in 1992 is responsible for promoting afforestation, tree planting, ecological restoration and ecodevelopment activities in the country.

IMPLEMENTS 2 SCHEMES
1) GREEN INDIA
2)NATIONAL AFFORASTRATTION PROGAMME

Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure (PIC) for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade

• It was adopted in September 1998 and entered into force in 2004.

• It’s jointly administered by the United Nation &Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and UN Environment (UNEP).

• It creates legally binding obligations for the implementation of the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure. It built on the voluntary PIC procedure, initiated by UNEP and FAO in 1989.
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The UN-REDD Programme is the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) in developing countries

. It is aimed at reducing forest emissions and enhancing carbon stocks in forests while contributing to national sustainable development.
Support to partner countries is delivered through:

● Direct support to the design and implementation of National REDD+ Programmes;
● Complementary tailored support to national REDD+ actions;
● Technical capacity building support through sharing of expertise, common approaches, analyses, methodologies, tools, data, best practices and facilitated South-South knowledge sharing.

Bioventing is a process of stimulating the natural in situ biodegradation of contaminants
in soil by providing air or oxygen to existing soil microorganisms.
Bioventing uses low air flow rates to provide only enough oxygen to sustain microbial activity in the vadose zone

Biosparging is an in-situ remediation technology that uses indigenous microorganisms to
biodegrade organic constituents in the saturated zone. In biosparging, air (or oxygen) and nutrients (if needed) are injected into the saturated zone to increase the biological activity of the
indigenous microorganisms.

Bioaugmentation is the practice of adding cultured microorganisms into the subsurface for the purpose of biodegrading specific soil and groundwater contaminants.

Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition (CPLC), is a voluntary partnership launched by World Bank of national and sub-national governments, businesses, and civil society organizations that agree to expand the use of effective carbon pricing policies that can maintain competitiveness, create jobs, encourage innovation, and deliver
meaningful emissions reductions.

Launched in 2015 at COP21 in Paris,


The CPLC Secretariat administered by the World Bank Group.


From India, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation andlndian Railways are the government level partners

Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM)

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement established the Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM) as a new carbon market instrument for the period after 2020.

Its purpose is inter alia to replace the existing mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism with a more effective climate tool.


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Honolulu Strategy

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the United States and UNEP created the Honolulu Strategy—a planning tool to reduce plastic pollution and its impacts.

Pollution and Health Metrics: Global, Regional and Country Analysis report

by

the Global Alliance on Health and Pollution (GAHP)

Provides a ranking of pollution deaths on global, regional and country levels.