National Resource Efficiency Authority (NREA) :
It will be constituted under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. It will be based in the MOEFCC. It will oversee, administer and review implementation of the NREP.

National Resource Efficiency Board: It is an interministerial body. It will provide necessary guidelines on aspects critical to the implementation of resource efficiency across all sectors

Sustainable Livelihoods and Adaptation to Climate Change (SLACC)

The SLACC project is funded by the Special Climate Change Fund, which was set up under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to finance global projects relating to adaptation, technology transfer and capacity building, among other areas.

The SLACC project is being implemented in convergence with the Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) and other Centrally-sponsored schemes.

The programme aims to create a cadre of over 200 certified climate-smart' community resource persons and over 100 young professionals in villages, who will combat the impact of climate change and secure their livelihood through climate proof planning and adaptations.

The cadre will further disseminate the climate resilient technologies to farming communities in their respective allocated villages, as assigned by the State Rural Livelihood Mission (SRLM) staff.
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NIRDPR-National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj

• It functions as an autonomous organisation supported by the Ministry of Rural Development.
• It is the apex body for undertaking training, research, and action research and consultancy assignments in the rural development sector in India

About Red Panda

● The Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens) is a mammal native to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China.

● In India, it is found in Sikkim, western Arunachal Pradesh, Darjeeling district of West Bengal and parts of Meghalaya. It is also the state animal of Sikkim.

● IUCN Red List: Endangered

● Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972: Schedule I

● CITES: Appendix I

● Threats: a) Habitat loss and fragmentation b) Hunting for meat and Trade c) Natural disasters among others

‘Samudrayaan’ project


It is an initiative of the National Institute of Ocean Technology
Similar to ISRO’s plan to carry persons on a space mission(Gaganyaan Mission), NIOT has undertaken Samudrayaan.

The project proposes to send a submersible vehicle with three persons to a depth of about 6000 metres to carry out deep underwater studies

The ‘Samudrayaan’ is a part of the Ministry of Earth Sciences’ pilot project for deep ocean mining for rare minerals.

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Flagship species

A flagship species is a species selected to act as an ambassador, icon or symbol for a defined habitat, issue, campaign or environmental cause.

By focusing on, and achieving conservation of that species, the status of many other species which
share its habitat – or are vulnerable to the same threats - may also be improved.

Flagship species are usually relatively large, and considered to be 'charismatic' in western cultures. Flagship species may or may not be
keystone species and may or may not be good indicators of biological process

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Gaur (Indian Bison)
● The gaur also called the Indian bison is the largest extant bovine.

It is native to South Asia and Southeast

Asia.
● The local names of the Gaur are a) Seladang — Malaysia b) Pyoung — Myanmar and c) Gayal or mithun
— domesticated form of gaur.

● It is the State animal of Goa.

● Listed as Vulnerable under IUCN Red List.

● CITES- Appendix I

● Threats: a) Hunting for consumption b) Loss of suitable habitat and c) contract diseases transmitted by domestic cattle.

Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation
(CORSIA).

- CORSIA is the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) resolution for a global market based measure to address CO2 emissions from international aviation from 2021 to 2035.

- All civilian international operations undertaken by operators are covered by CORSIA with exceptions for humanitarian, medical and fire-fighting flights

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The Hindu Kush and Himalayan Range (HKH)

The Hindu Kush and Himalayan Range (HKH) is famously known as the earth’s “third pole” as it forms the largest area of permanent ice cover outside of the North and South Poles.

The HKH region spans Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

It is the source of ten major rivers, and is particularly sensitive to climate change.

According to Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment, 36% of the glaciers in the Hindu Kush and Himalaya range (HKH) could melt by 2100 even if global temperature rise is limited to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels.

Black-necked cranes are found in the states of Arunachal Pradesh and
Sikkim as well as the Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.

It is classified as vulnerable in the IUCN red list.

The major threat to the successful breeding of black-necked cranes is the damage to the eggs and chicks, caused by feral dogs.

Northern European Enclosure Dam (NEED)

Scientists have proposed the construction of the Northern European Enclosure Dam (NEED) enclosing all of the North Sea to protect economic regions of 15 Northern European countries from Sea-level Rise (SLR) as a result of climate change.


The proposed NEED aims to construct two dams of a combined length of 637 km.

The first between northern Scotland and western Norway (476 km) and the second between France and southwestern England (161 km).

The project intends to separate the North and Baltic Seas from the Atlantic Ocean to protect Northern Europe against SLR.

Ocean Deoxygenation


• Ocean deoxygenation refers to the loss of oxygen from the oceans.

• The ocean gains oxygen in the upper layer due to photosynthesis by autotrophic organisms and oxygen from the atmosphere dissolving in the under-saturated waters.

• The ocean loses oxygen throughout the whole water column:

- at the surface- due to the outgassing of
oxygen to the atmosphere in oversaturated waters

- from the surface to depths- due to the respiration of aerobic organisms and oxidation of reduced chemical specie

Ocean deoxygenation is one of the most pernicious, yet under-reported side-effects of human-induced climate change.

Causes of deoxygenation
▪️eutrophication (increased nutrient run-off from land andsewage pollution)

▪️ nitrogen deposition from the burning of fossil fuels, coupled with the widespread impacts from ocean warming.

Oxygen loss from warming has alarming consequences for global oceanic oxygen reserves, which have already been reduced by 2% over a period of just 50-years (from 1960 to 2010).

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South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme (SACEP)

Headquarter: Colombo

SACEP is an inter-governmental organization, established in 1982 by the governments of South Asia.

The objective is to promote and support protection, management and enhancement of the environment in the region

The member countries are Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Bhutan , India , Maldives , Nepal , Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

It also acts as the Secretariat for the South Asian Seas Programme, which comes under the purview of UNEP’s Regional Seas Programme.

The Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF) is an international partnership of countries highly vulnerable to a warming planet.

▪️ The Forum serves as a South-South cooperation platform for participating governments to act together to deal with global climate change

▪️The Forum has a rotating chairmanship that has been held by Maldives, Kiribati, Bangladesh,
Costa Rica, Philippines and Ethiopia.