The Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO)

The Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO) is a periodic report that summarises the latest data on the status and trends of global biodiversity. It is the flagship publication of the Convention on Biological Diversity and summarises progress made towards achieving the objectives of the Convention, such as the Aichi Targets and identifies key actions to achieve these.

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Renewable Energy Certificates

Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), also known as green energy certificates or tradable renewable certificates are proof that energy has been generated from renewable sources such as solar or wind power.

Each REC represents the environmental benefits of 1MWh of renewable energy generation

EChO Network

It is national program to provide a template for cross-disciplinary leadership in India with the specific focus of increasing research, knowledge, and awareness of Indian ecology and the environment.

The program is a partnership of Government, industry, and academia. Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Govt. of India leads the program.

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Eco-Development Forces Scheme

It was established in the 1980s as a scheme for ecological restoration of terrains, rendered difficult either due to severe degradation or remote location or difficult law and order situation.

▪️ It is based on twin objectives of ecological regeneration in difficult areas, and the promotion of meaningful employment to ex-servicemen.

▪️ It is being implemented through the Ministry of Defence.

▪️Under this scheme, the establishment and operational expenditure on the EcoTask Force (ETF) Battalions raised by Ministry of Defence are reimbursed by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change while the inputs like a sapling, fencing, etc., and also the professional and managerial guidance is provided by the state forest departments

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Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB)

Government of India has launched the Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) strategy under Holistic Nourishment (POSHAN) Abhiyaan and the targets has been set to reduce anaemia by 3% per year.

The 6x6x6 strategy under AMB implies six age groups, six interventions and six institutional mechanisms.

The strategy focuses on ensuring supply chain, demand generation and strong monitoring using for addressing anemia, both due to nutritional and non-nutritional causes.

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ST. PETERSBURG DECLARATION
For doubling tiger population (India was a party to this declaration) by 2022.

The Sacred Groves comprises of patches of forest or natural vegetation- from a few trees to forests of several acres-that are usually dedicated to local folk deities.

The sacred groves are important repositories of flora and fauna diversity that have conserved by local communities in a sustainable manner.

Classified in 3 categories: Traditional Sacred Groves, Temple Groves and Groves around burial or cremation grounds.

Global Animal Protection Index

Released by World Animal Protection, an international animal welfare charity.

It aims to showcase where countries are doing well, and where they fall short on animal welfare policy and legislation. The index ranks countries from A (being the highest score) to G (being the weakest score) according to their policy and legislation.

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ANTHROPOGENIC MINERAL
• They are mineral that have been made on Earth, of substances formed as a result of
human activities such as mining and mineral processing

Example
- Hydrotalcite are produced when asbestos tailings passively absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide.

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Sargasso Sea
The Sargasso Sea is a region in the gyre in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean.
It is the only sea on Earth which has no coastline.

It is bounded on the

west by the Gulf Stream;
north, by the North Atlantic Current;
east, by the Canary Current; and
south, by the North Atlantic Equatorial Current.

This system of ocean currents forms the North Atlantic Gyre.
All the currents deposit the marine plants and refuse they carry into this sea.

Recently it was found that Sargasso seaweed algae belt is increasingly growing.
— It is named for a genus of free-floating seaweed called Sargassum.

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National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research:

@ National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) , autonomous research and development institution -by Ministry of Earth Sciences in 1998.
@ located in Goa.
@ It is responsible for research activities in the Polar and Southern Ocean realms.
@ Management and upkeep of the Indian Antarctic Research Bases “Maitri” and “Bharati”, and the Indian Arctic base “Himadri”.
@ Management of research vessel ORV Sagar Kanya .
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INCOIS SERVICES FOR MARINE-BASED USERS

Small Vessel Advisory and Forecast Services System (SVAS), to improve operations on the numerous small marine vessels, particularly fishing vessels that ply the coastal waters of India.

The Swell Surge Forecast System was also launched, which will provide forewarnings for the coastal population of India's vast shoreline, which experiences a slew of damages caused by the swell waves that actually originate from the distant southern Indian Ocean.


Algal Bloom Information Service (ABIS), providing timely information on harmful algal blooms, which are detrimental to coastal fisheries and also tend to induce respiratory problems within the coastal population from time to time.
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The Faith for Earth Initiative

Following a series of initiatives and conventions organized in partnership with faith-based organizations, UN Environment launched the Faith for Earth Initiative in November 2017.


The goal of Faith for Earth is to strategically engage with faith based organizations and partner with them to collectively achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and fulfill the objectives of the 2030 Agenda.

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El Nino/La Nina
-El Nino is the abnormal warming of sea surface temperature (SST) of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru in South America, while La Nina is the opposite, an abnormal cooling of SST.

- While El Nino leads to deficit rainfall, La Nina brings an above-average monsoon.

• Madden-Julian Oscillation
- It can modulate the timing and strength of monsoons, influence tropical cyclone numbers and strength in nearly all ocean basins and result in jet stream changes that can lead to cold air outbreaks, extreme heat events, and flooding rains over the United States and North America.


• Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)
- It is also referred to as the Indian Niño, is a condition when the SST of the western region of Indian Ocean alternately becomes abnormally colder and then abnormally hotter than the eastern region.

Netherlands ‘Room for the River’ project.

The flagship project of the Dutch government is centered around protecting areas adjoining rivers from routine flooding and improving water management systems in delta regions.

“Room of the river” is to be
replicated in Kerala’s Kuttanad, which remained submerged for weeks during Kerala floods.
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