🔵Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems” (GIAHS) are outstanding landscapes of aesthetic beauty that combine agricultural biodiversity, resilient ecosystems and a valuable cultural heritage. It is designated by FAO.

▪️Located in specific sites around the world, they sustainably provide multiple goods and services, food and livelihood security for millions of small-scale farmers

▪️The sites in India designated as GIAHS are: Kuttanad Below Sea Level Farming System, Koraput Traditional Agriculture and Saffron Heritage of Kashmir

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Gogabeel, an ox-bow lake in Bihar’s Katihar district, has been declared as the state’s firstn‘Community Reserve'. Grabeel is formed from the flow of the rivers Mahananda and Kankhar in the north and the Ganga in the south and east.

▪️In 2004, Gogabeel, including the neighbouring Baghar Beel and Baldia Chair, were given the status of an IBA (Important Bird Area of India) by the Indian Bird Conservation Network (IBCN)

▪️In august 2019, Gogabeel has been notified as a 57 hectare Community Reserve and a 30 hectare ‘Conservation Reserve’.

National Ganga Council (NGC): Created in October 2016 under the River Ganga (Rejuvenation, Protection and Management) Authorities Order, 2016, dissolving the National Ganga River Basin Authority.

The council consists of chief ministers from five states along the Ganga — Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Bihar and Jharkhand along with nine Union ministers and NITI Aayog vice-chairman

. The central objective of the council is to work on the “protection, prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution in River Ganga and its rejuvenation to its natural and pristine condition and to ensure continuous adequate flow of water”.

The council is supposed to meet every year

HEADED BY PM

GREEN FIRECRACKER

Swas, Star, and Safal are less polluting green firecrackers that are developed by the National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), a Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) lab

SWAS stands for safe water releaser, SAFAL stands for safe minimal aluminum and STAR stands for safe thermite cracker.

These crackers are 15-20 percent cheaper than the conventional ones.

STAR eliminates usage of Potassium nitrate and sulphur.

SAFAL has less usage of aluminum as compared to commercial crackers.


The firecrackers have a unique property of releasing water vapour.

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#Okhla Bird Sanctuary

Okhla Bird Sanctuary is located close to New Delhi and is one of the 467 Important Bird Areas (IBA) of the country and is home to a large number of resident, as well as migratory birds like grey-headed fish eagle, Baikal teal, Baer’s pochard and Sarus crane.

It is home to 32 species of reptiles, 7 species of amphibians and 186 plant species.

Okhla Bird Sanctuary, belonging to the State of Uttar Pradesh, has an area of 400 ha, out of which 120 ha falls within the National Capital Region of Delhi.

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#Environment
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The Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (CCAC) was launched by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and six countries — Bangladesh, Canada, Ghana, Mexico, Sweden, and the United States —


The CCAC aims to catalyze rapid reductions in short-lived climate pollutants to protect human health, agriculture and the environment.

BREATHELIFE
• It is a partnership of WHO, UN Environment and the Climate and Clean Air Coalitionto Reduce Short-lived Climate Pollutant.
• It aims to increase awareness and action on air pollution by governments and individuals.

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#90_TO_140

ECOLOGICAL FISCAL TRANSFERS
• Ecological Fiscal Transfer is a type of conditional environmental payments which involves conditional payments from higher levels of a country’s government to lower levels
• EFTs distribute a share of intergovernmental fiscal transfers and revenue sharing schemes according to ecological indicators such as protected areas or watershed management areas etc.

Momentum for Change is an initiative spearheaded by the UN Climate Change secretariat to shine a light on the enormous groundswell of activities underway across the globe that are moving the world toward a highly
resilient, low-carbon future.

Momentum for Change recognizes innovative and transformative solutions that address both climate change and wider economic, social and environmental challenges

▪️Neuston: Unattached organisms adapted to the habitat of the air-water interface.

▪️Periphyton: These are freshwater organisms attached or clinging to plants and other objects projecting above the bottom sediments. They are a mixture of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms embedded in a matrix of organic detritus.

▪️Benthos: Benthos is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the seabed, river, lake, or stream bottom, also known as the benthic zone.

▪️Nekton: Nekton refers to the aggregate of actively swimming aquatic organisms in a body of water. Nekton are heterotrophic and have a large size range, with familiar examples such as fish, squid, octopus, sharks, and marine mammals.


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RO is a type of filtration that uses a semi-permeable, thin membrane with pores small enough to pass pure water through while rejecting larger molecules such as dissolved salts (ions) and other impurities (bacteria, colloids, organics etc). A membrane rejects contaminants based on their size and charge.
• RO membranes do not remove gases like CO2 or O2 because these gases are not highly ionized


ISSUES

Demineralization: Besides impurities, RO water purifier (when TDS level in water is less than
50) also removes essential natural mineral like sodium, iron, calcium, and magnesium that are
essential for our body.

• Wastage of water (environmental concern): To avoid buildup of contaminants, crossflow filtration allows water to sweep away contaminants

#THANKS VIVEK