👉How To Solve Waterproofing Problems Before Painting @engineer03
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➡Dampness of walls and water seepage are common problems faced by homeowners.
*This happens due to poor quality construction and lack of waterproofing measures during construction of the home. *It can cause dampness of the walls, efflorescence (puffy white deposits on walls) and peeling of paint These dampness problems need to be tacked for a good home painting experience.
*There seems to be a lot of confusion on what waterproofing chemicals need to be used and the process involved. So, we decided to write this guide to set matters straight. In writing this blog we consulted Mr. Rajkiran
Gupta, a waterproofing expert from Shri Krishna Associates who gave us a detailed explanation of waterproofing problems.
*waterproofing issues and their causes, what waterproofing chemicals need to be used and
waterproofing procedures that need to be followed. We have covered solutions and fixes for existing buildings. Preventive measures that are to be taken during construction of buildings will be covered later in another post.
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1) How to treat rising damp Rising damp affects the lower region of walls
because of rising ground water within the wall
due to capillary action. This causes efflorescence (white deposit) and peeling of the paint.
*Solution: Treating Mild Dampness in Interior Wall
Treating Severe Dampness in Interior Wall
2) How to treat water seepage on walls because of adjoining bathroom or kitchen Walls on the other side of bathroom or kitchen walls get damp because of either leaking
pipes or seepage through tile grout.
*Solution
Waterproofing Tile Cracks & Grout in Bathroom
or Kitchen Treating Mild Dampness on Adjacent Wall Treating Severe Dampness on Adjacent Wall
3) How to treat dampness due to water seepage from exterior walls Defects and cracks in the exterior walls causes water seepage to the interior walls.
*This affects mid-level of interior walls and areas around window frames.
Solution
Repairing & Waterproofing Exterior Wall Treating Mild Dampness in Interior Wall
Treating Severe Dampness in Interior Wall
4) How to treat dampness on ceiling due to leakage from terrace Improper or inadequate waterproofing of the terrace can lead to water seepage on the roof
especially around the upper corners of the room.
Solution
Roof Waterproofing method
5) Dampness Due to Seepage From Bathroom on the Floor Above
Dampness in the interior walls and ceiling can also arise because of leakages from the kitchen or bathroom of the apartment above.
*Solution
Waterproofing Solution for Kitchen or Bathroom.
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@engineer03

👉Difference between 43 Grade Cement and 53 Grade Cement @engineer03
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*Portland Cement (OPC) is
graded according to their strength.
*The grade indicates the compression strength (mpa) of the concrete that
will attain after 28 days of setting.
*Compression Strength:
Cement grade indicates the compression strength of the cement concrete after 28 days of setting.
*43 Grade Cement attains compression strength of 43 mpa (megapascals) in
28 days of setting compared to 53 mpa attained by 53 Grade cement.
*Initial Strength: 53 Grade cement are used for fast
paced construction were initial strength is to be achieved quickly.
*53 Grade cement has fast setting compared to 43-grade cement.
*53 Grade attains 27 mpa in 7 days compared to 23 mpa by 43-grade cement.
👉Uses & Application:
*53 Grade OPC cement is Used in RCC and pre-stressed concrete of higher
grades, cement grouts, instant plugging mortars etc. where initial higher strength is the criteria.
*43 Grade OPC Cement is commonly used for plastering works, Non-RCC structures, pathways etc where initial setting time is not of importance.

👉Today Tip @engineer03
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▶In a one-way slab, why do we not provide torsion reinforcement as in a two-way slab, put in corners?
➡ANSWER
*Because two way slab deflects both ways towards centre it experiences uplift at corners and to prevent that
you need to provide corner reinforcement but in one way slab deflection is going to happen only in one direction(shorter direction) thus no uplift at corners and no corner reinforcement required. Hope this answers your query.

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@engineersWorks

↪️Understanding Grades of Concrete @engineersWorks
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➡Grades of concrete are defined by the strength
composition of the concrete, and the minimum strength the concrete should have following 28 of initial construction.
✔️The grade of concrete is
understood in measurements of MPa, where C stands for compressive strength and the MPa denotes the overal strength.
✔️Concrete mixes are defined in ascending numb
of 5, starting at 10, and show the compressive
strength of the concrete after 28 days. For inst
C-10 has the strength of 10 newtons, C-15 has t
strength of 15 newtons, C-20 has 20 newtons
strength and so on.
✔️Different mixes (M) come in various mix proportions of the various ingredients of cement sand and coarse aggregates. For instance, C-20 comes in the respective ratio of 1:2:3
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✔️Generally :-👇
▶C-5 used for Lean concreat
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▶C-10 Used for: Patio slabs, pathways and non structure work
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▶C-15 Used for: Pavement kerbs and floor blinding(Ground Slab)
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▶C-20 Used for: Domestic floors and foundations (with the weight of structure will be lighter).
✔️Also go for workshop bases, garages, driveways and into floor slabs.
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▶C-25 Used for: Construction in all areas. Multi-purpo concrete mix, usually used for foundations.
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▶C-30 Used for: Pathways and roadways (this is the
lowest grade concrete mix that can be used for purpose).
✔️More durable than the grades that come before, and thus is much more weather- resistant and can take heavy road traffic.
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▶C-35 Used for: Commercial structures. This heavy concrete mix is usually used for creating extern walls and slabs, as well as for structural piling.
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▶C-40 Used for: Commercial construction sites, foundations and beams for structural support a roads.

The most durable in this list, C-40 can withstand chemical corrosion also, so is frequently used on farms where slurry could corrode structures, or in septic tanks.
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Time-saver_standards_BOOKS FOR ARCHITECTS@engineer03