📌#Question_And_Answer_for_civil_Engineers #share

===#Part_2====

▪️Q: What is honey comb in concrete?

Ans: Honey comb is actually the voids or air pocks in concrete.

▪️Q: What is the distance between railway tracks?

Ans: The distance between railway track is 4 feet.

▪️Q: Why the pressure increases under soil?

Ans: Soil pressure increases because of its self–weight. The pressure of soil is directly proportional to the depth of soil.

▪️Q: Name the structures which is subjected to the fatigue?

Ans: The structures which is subjected to the fatigue are:

Bridges

Hydraulic presses

Burner trains

▪️Q: What is gravity flow?

Ans: When the fluid is flowing due to the force gravity but not on applied pressure is known as gravity flow.

▪️Q: What is Kip?

Ans: 1 Kip is equal to 1000 ponds.

▪️Q: What is aggregate?

Ans: The composite material used to resist the compressive stress. Aggregates are classified in two main types:

Fine Aggregate

Coarse Aggregate

▪️Q: Please tell us about soil reinforcement?

Ans: Soil reinforcement are used to improve soil strength and have ability to support more load.

▪️Q: What is world largest concrete dam?

Ans: The world largest concrete dam is Grand coulee dam.

▪️Q: Please tell the tallest man made structure?

Ans: The tallest man made structure is Burj ul khalifa. The height of burj ul khalifa is 828 meter.

▪️Q: Which units are used for the measurement of concrete?

Ans: Cubic meter (m3), cubic foot (ft3), cubic yard (y3).

▪️Q: What are the causes of building collapse?

Ans: The causes of building collapse are:

Weak foundation

Passage of time

Demolition

Bombing

Natural disaster

▪️Q: What is the final setting time of concrete?

Ans: The final setting time of ordinary concrete is 10 hours.

▪️Q: What is initial setting rime of concrete?

Ans: The initial setting time of ordinary concrete is 30 minutes.

▪️Q: Please tell us about the types of beam?

Ans: The types of beam base on supports are:

Simply supported beam

Continuous beam

Over hanging beam

Double over hanging

Cantilever beam

Fixed beam

Trussed beam

▪️Q: Please tell us about the types of load?

Ans: The types of load are:

dead load

live load

snow load

impact load

Wind load

Earth quacke

Environmental load

▪️Q: What is minimum number of bars used in rectangular or square column?

Ans: 8 Eight minimum number of bars can be used in rectangular or square column.

▪️Q: What is minimum grade of concrete used in RCC work?

Ans: The minimum M20 grade of concrete is used in RCC Work.

▪️Q: What is the size of brick?

Ans: The standard size of this brick is 19 x 9 x 9 cm.

▪️Q: What are the numbers of brick required per 1 cubic meter (m3)?

Ans: 1 cubic meter (m3) contains 500 numbers of brick.

▪️Q: Who designed the city of Washington Dc?

Ans: Pierre L’ enfant designed the city of Washington DC.

▪️Q: Please tell us how long concrete takes to harden?

Ans: Concrete takes 28 days to cure and gain 85% of strength.

▪️Q: How many pyramid in Egypt?

Ans: There are 80 pyramids in Egypt.

▪️Q: How do you calculate the volume air flow?

Ans: Orifice meter is used to measure the air flow.

▪️Q: How many square feet are in square yard?

Ans: There are 9 nine square feet in a one 1 square yard.

▪️Q: What are the strongest shape in building?

Ans: The strongest shape in building is pillars.

▪️Q: What are the different types of slump test?

Ans: The different types of slump test are:

Shear slump

True slump

Collapse slump

▪️Q: What is mean reinforcement concrete?

Ans: Reinforcement concrete means the composition concrete (cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate) and steel is known as reinforcement of concrete.

▪️Q: What is DPC stands for?

Ans: DPC stands for damp proof coarse

▪️Q: How many bricks are there in 100 cft?

Ans: There are 1350 number of bricks in 100 cft.
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🇪🇹የ ኢትዮጵያ አየር መንገድ አዲሱ የመንገደኞች ማስተናገጃ ተርሚናል የተጠቃሚውን ደህንነትና ምቾት በጠበቀ እና ዘመናዊ በሆነ ቴክኖሎጂ ግንባታው ተጠናቆ አገልግሎት ለመስጠት ዝግጁ ሆኗል።
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_*📌▪One way & two way slab*▪_

*1:One Way slab.*

When the slab is supported at all sides and length/width >2 or = 2 of the slab panel,so maximum load is carried along the shorter direction.that is why the main reinforcement is placed along the load carrying direction.
In one way slab, the slab are supported by the beam on two opposite sides.

*2: Two Way slab.*

When a reinforced concrete slab is supported by beam on all four sides and the load are carried by the supports along the both direction,it is known is Two way Slab. In Two Way Slab the ratio of longer span and shorter span length/width is <2.
This type of slab is used in the floor of multi-story buildings.
In two way slab,the slab is supported on all four sides.
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👉ከ300 ሚሊዮን ኩንታል በላይ የሲሚንቶ ምርት ከውጭ ሊገባ ነው!#share

🚧በኢትዮጵያ የተከሰተውን የሲሚንቶ እጥረት ችግር ለመፍታት 320 ሚሊዮን ኩንታል የሲሚንቶ ምርት ከውጭ ሊያስገባ መሆኑን የንድግና ኢንዱስትሪ ሚኒስቴር አስታውቋል።

🚧በዘርፉ የህገ-ወጥ ነጋዴዎችና ደላሎች መበራከት ለሲሚንቶ ምርት እጥረት አንዱ ምክንያት መሆኑን የገለጹት የንግድና ኢንዱስትሪ ሚኒስቴር የኮሙንኬሽን ዳይሬክተር አቶ ወንድሙ ፍላቴ ችግሩን በዘላቂነት ለመፍታትም "የሲሚንቶ አቅርቦት ግብይትና ስርጭት መመሪያ " ተዘጋጅቶ ወደ ስራ መገባቱን አስታውቀዋል፡፡

🚧የተዘጋጀው መመሪያ የሲሚንቶ ፋብሪካ አምራቾች አሁን እያመረቱ ካሉት ከአቅማቸው ከ50 በመቶ በታች ወደ 85 በመቶ ከፍ እንዲያደረጉ የሚያስገድድ ነው።

🚧በመመሪያው መሰረት ከውጭ የሚገባው የሲሚንቶ ምርት መጠን ከ3 ሺህ ቶን በላይ መሆን ያለበት ሲሆን ከተመረተም 3 ወራት ያልበለጠው መሆን ይኖርበታል ተብሏል።
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⏺️The King Fahd Causeway⏺️ .
It is a series of bridges and causeways connecting Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. At 25 km. (15.5 mi.), the western terminus of the causeway is the al-Khour neighbourhood of Khobar, Saudi Arabia and the eastern terminus is Al Jasra, Bahrain.

Total length: 25 km (16 mi)

Construction cost: US$ 800 million

Constructed by: Ballast Nedam

Crosses: Gulf of Bahrain

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🔹FORMWORK:

Formwork is the temporary structure which used as a mold in which we pour the fresh concrete. when we make the formwork shape for nay structure so it can give us the concrete shape easily. and formwork are provide for beam column , slab and wall etc.We remove the formwork once the concrete has gained sufficient strength though in some circumstances it may be left in place(permanent formwork).

▪️ SHUTTERING

Formwork which supports the vertical surface is known as shuttering. The given picture can refer the shuttering.


▪️CENTERING:

Centering is the Part of the formworkwhich supports the horizontal surface is called centering for example slab bottom, beam bottom etc.

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EXAMINATION FOR EMPLOYING CIVIL ENGINEERS

1. Describe briefly what optimum moisture content is

Answers
.OMC - The moisture content of a soil calculated on the basis of dry weight of soil at which the soil can be compacted to the approximate maximum density under a specified standard method of compaction.

2. What are the documents that should be included in a standard tendering document?
Answers:-
a. Invitation for Bids
b. Instructions to Bidders
c. Bidding Data
d. Part I—General Conditions of Contract
e. Part II—Conditions of Particular Application
f. Method of Measurement and Technical specifications
g. Form of Bid, Appendix to Bid, and Bid Security
h. Bill of Quantities
i. Form of Agreement, Forms of Performance Security, and Advance Payment Bank Guarantee
j. Drawings
k. Supplementary Information including clarification
l. Postqualification [update in case there was no prequalification]
m. Addendum for Minutes of pre-Tender meeting, Notes of Negotiations and other Addendum.

3. What does force majeure mean? Mention at least three examples.

Answers:-
An exceptional event or circumstance during execution of a certain project which is beyond all parties (Employer, contractor and consultant) control. Example: Earth quake, flood, tender storm, war

4. What are the basic procedures for developing annual work program and performance budget?

Answers:-
a. Collect and review data
b. Calculate project life working days
c. Analyze project life time frame
d. Develop the annual work program
e. Distribute and balance the work load
f. Develop annual work calendar
g. Determine resource requirements
h. Develop performance budget
i. Analyze resource requirement versus availability

5. What does planning in critical path method mean? And what is the relationship between duration of critical path and project duration?
 
Answers:-
It is a network technique where every activity is assigned a fixed duration and these activities are ordered with respect to each other. There is at least one path through the network, from start to finish that controls the project length which is called the critical path. The project duration is the summation of duration of the activities on a critical path.
 

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🏗TNT CONSTRUCTION & TRADING New posted job for Engineers

🚧Address: Addis Ababa around Ayat Square on the way to Tafo,

🤏registration date.......September 6, 2020 - September 19, 2020

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EXAMS FOR ENGINEERS
Give Clear Answer For Each Question

1. Explain The Purpose Of Super Elevation &Widening?

🤏 Super elevation used to counterbalance centrifugal force &resists overturning of
vehicles.
Factors of supper elevation are:-
a. Climate condition
b. Terrain types
c. Types of area (rural or urban)
d. Types of facility
🤏 Widening used to for visibility of an object on circular curve for psycologica & off tracking vehicle.

2. Write The Types Of Terrain & The D/Ce B/T Them? types of terrains are

🤏 Flat terrain is offer a few obstacle to the construction of road, having continuous unrestricted horizontal & vertical alignment & traverse slope is 0-5%
🤏 Rolling ፦slope generally rise & fall moderately ,some restriction in alignment & its traverse slope is 5-25%
🤏 Mountainous ፦definet restriction of alignment & ssd ,has steep grade and their traverse slope is 25-50%
🤏 Escarpment ፦inclusive of switch back roadway section & traverse slope is >50%

3. Write The Types Of Sight Distance & Explain Them?

SD is distance visible to the driver s o f a passenger’s car. The types of SD is
🤏 Ssd is visible to the drivers to stop the passenger’s car before collapsed. D=0.278vt+v2/254f
🤏 Psd is a minimum sd on the two ways single road way that must be available to enable that the driver of one vehicles to another vehicles safely without interfering with the speed of oncoming vehicles at the design speed.
D1=0.278t1(v-m+at1/2) D2=0.278vt2
D4 =2/3(d2)
Psd=d1+d2 +d3 +d4 where is the speed d/ce b/n passed vehicle & passing
vehicles

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📌▪️ Classification of buildings as per National Building code of India, 2016▪️

▪️ Group A: Residential building :-
Ex: Apartments, Flats, Bungalows, Dormitories, private houses,

▪️ Group B: Educational building :-
Ex: schools, colleges, universities, training institutes etc

▪️ Group C: Institutional building :- These buildings normally provide sleeping
accommodation for the occupants.

▪️Group D: Assembly building :- Ex. theatres, cinema
halls, museums, gymnasiums, restaurants, places of worship, dance
halls, club rooms, passenger stations, public transportation services,
open air theatres, swimming pools etc

▪️ Group E: Business building :- Ex. Dispensaries and clinics, banks, city halls, court halls,
libraries etc.

▪️ Group F: Mercantile building

▪️ Group G: Industrial building :- EX. laboratories, assembly plants,
laundries, gas plants, power plants, refineries, diaries etc.

▪️ Group H: Storage building :- Ex warehouses, cold storages, freight depots, store
houses, transit sheds, truck terminals, garages etc.

▪️ Group J: Hazardous building

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🔹Caissons🔹

A caisson foundation also called as pier foundation is a watertight retaining structure used as a bridge pier, in the construction of a concrete dam, or for the repair of ships. It is a prefabricated hollow box or cylinder sunk into the ground to some desired depth and then filled with concrete thus forming a foundation.

Caisson foundation is Most often used in the construction of bridge piers & other structures that require foundation beneath rivers & other bodies of water. This is because caissons can be floated to the job site and sunk into place.

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🔹Rough Terrain Crane

A rough terrain crane is a crane that is mounted on an undercarriage with four rubber tires, designed for operations off road. The outriggers extend vertically and horizontally to level and stabilize the crane when hoisting. These types of cranes are single engine machines where the same engine is used for powering the undercarriage as it is for powering the crane. These cranes are ideal for constructions sites that have uneven, dirt and rocky terrain. The mobility and ability of the crane to travel around the site make it an effect support crane for lighter hoists on highway, construction and infrastructure projects.

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_*📌▪️CIVIL ENGINEERING'S REQUIREMENTS▪️*_ #share


#These are the top #10 civil engineering requirements to become a successful civil engineer:

▪️1. TESTS OF BUILDING MATERIALS:

A good civil engineer should have proper knowledge of different tests of building materials. Some important tests are listed below.

▫️Concrete Test:
Slump test, compression test, split tensile test, soundness etc.

▫️Soil Test:
Core cutter test, compaction test,sand replacement test, triaxial test, consolidation test etc.

▫️Bitumen Test :
Ductility test, softening point test, gravity test penetration test etc.

▪️2. INVESTIGATION OF SOIL:

Various soil tests are conducted to determine the settlement and stability of soils before starting a construction. So as a civil engineer, you should have enough knowledge of these tests which are performed at the site.

▪️3. USES OF SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS:

Usages of surveying instruments like the total station, theodolite etc is also a mandatory knowledge for every civil engineer. These instruments are used for marking and measurements.

▪️4. STANDARD CODES USED IN CONSTRUCTION:

Every country has their standard safety specifications (eg: Is Code) for construction related works. All new construction should be done by following all the rules and procedures mentioned in the standard codes. Otherwise, chances of failure of a structure will be always high.

▪️5. BAR BENDING SCHEDULE:

Bar bending schedule is an essential chart for civil engineers. It provides the reinforcement calculation of RC beam such as cutting length, type of bending, the length of bending etc.

▪️6. DRAWING AND DESIGN:

Drawing and design are the primary keys of an ongoing project. It provides all the required specifications of that project. Every site engineers should have the analyzing power of such drawings and designs.

▪️7. ESTIMATION AND BILLS:

Estimation and bills should be prepared by a civil engineer in a construction project.

▪️8. QUALITY CONTROL:

Quality control ensures the profit of a project by reducing the extra costs. So you must have a basic knowledge of quality control.

▪️9. ON FIELD MANAGEMENT:

Knowledge of form-work, concreting, safety measures etc is also a key aspect.

▪️10. COORDINATION WITH LABOR:

As a civil engineer, you must know how to deal with labors in a site.
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BEAEKA General Business Plc

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Address: አዲስ አበባ ጉለሌ ክፍለ ከተማ ከሰሜን መዘጋጃ ከፍ ብሎ አዲሱ
ገበያ ሸገር መናፈሻ ሳይደርስ ከሚገኘው ቤአኤካ ሕንጻ 2ኛ ፎቅ ላይ አስተዳደር
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ተፈላጊ የትምህርት ደረጃ: ቢ.ኤስ..ሲ ዲግሪ በሲቪል ምህንድስና /
በኮንስትራክሽን ማኔጅመንት

🧑🏽‍💻የሥራ ልምድ: አይጠይቅም [0 year]
ልዩ ችሎታ: የመግባባት፣ የሪፖርት አቀራረብ፣ መሰረታዊ ኮምፒውተር ችሎታ

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📜የሥራ ቦታ : ደጋ ሃመዶ ሰገግ መንገድ ሥራ ፕሮጀክት ጂጂጋ ሲሆን በኢሜይል
እንድታመለክቱ ድርጅቱ ያበረታታል፡፡

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በጽሁፍ ለሚቀርብ ማመልከቻ የሥራ መደቡ በግልጽ መጠቀስ የሚኖርበት ሲሆን በኢሜይል ለሚልኩ አማልካቾች ሰብጀክት በሚለው መስመር ላይ የሥራ መደቡ ካልተገለጸ ማመልከቻው ተቀባይነት አይኖረውም፡፡
ከዚህ በላይ በተመለከተው መሰረት መስፈርቱን የምታሟሉ አመልካቾች የትምህርትና የሥራ ልምድ ማስረጃችሁን ዋናውን ከማይመለስ ፎቶ ኮፒና ከማመልከቻ ጋር በማያያዝ አዲስ አበባ ጉለሌ ክፍለ ከተማ ከሰሜን መዘጋጃ ከፍ
ብሎ አዲሱ ገበያ ሸገር መናፈሻ ሳይደርስ ከሚገኘው ቤአኤካ ሕንጻ 2ኛ ፎቅ ላይ አስተዳደር መምሪያ ቢሮ በአካል ቀርባችሁ ወይም በኢሜይል
haileyes1969@gmail.com ወይም assefakibret16@gmail.com
እስከ መስከረም 04 ቀን 2013 ዓ.ም ድረስ ማመልከት ትችላላችሁ፡፡
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