Fig.1. Curling of Concrete Slab due to Differential Drying Shrinkage
Curling in Concrete Slabs
What is Concrete Slab Curling?
Curling is the process of bending of slab edges either upwards or downwards. When a higher load, more than the permissible weight is applied over this distorted slab, the surface cracks. As an aftereffect of cracks, the edges of the slab can either chip off or spall. This is mainly observed in high traffic areas. From different cases studied, most of the curling of slab occurs at the early stages. But curling can also occur at later stages of the slab.
Curling in Concrete Slabs
Temperature or moisture content variation on the concrete slab’s top and bottom surfaces results in the lifting of the slab edges or the middle portion of the slab, as shown in figure-1 below. In both the cases, the curling effect leaves an unsupported portion. When a higher load, more than the permissible weight is applied over this distorted slab, the surface cracks, and as an aftereffect of cracks, the edges of the slab may either chip off or spall. This is mainly observed in high traffic areas. As per the case studies, most of the curling of slab occurs at the early stages. But it doesn’t mean that curling cannot occur in the later stages of the slab.
Fig.1. Curling of Concrete Slab due to Differential Drying Shrinkage
The significant causes of curling in concrete are drying shrinkage and temperature differences. Both the factors bring a change in the slab dimension relative to the other- This change in dimension results in the warping of edges in the direction of relative shortening.
Curling in Concrete Slabs due to Drying Shrinkage
Drying shrinkage is caused due to moisture content variation. When the top surface of the concrete slab dries and undergoes shrinkage with respect to the bottom surface, it results in curling. As shown in figure-1, the drying shrinkage occurs in the upward curling of the concrete slab. Drying shrinkage is caused due to:
1. Improper Curing
2. Rapid surface drying
3. High bleeding
See⏬
Fig.2. Upward and Downward Curling of the Concrete Slab
Curling in Concrete Slabs due to Temperature Differences
The temperature differences on the top and bottom surfaces of the concrete slab also result in the curling of the slab. The top cover, which is more exposed to the sunlight, undergoes more expansion when compared to the cooler bottom of the slab. It results in downward curling of the edges, as shown in figure-2(a). During cold temperature, the opposite happens, which results in upward curling in concrete slabs.
Other than the shrinkage issues and temperature variation, the condition of subgrade (wet or dry), the temperature cycles, and the construction practice influence the concrete slab curling.
How to Prevent Curling in Concrete Slabs?
The primary factors that result in concrete curling are shrinkage, temperature variations, moisture content of the soil, and the quality of construction. Some of the critical practice that must be followed to prevent the causes in curling in concrete slabs are enlisted below:
1. Prevent Drying Shrinkage
Drying shrinkage, to some extent, can be prevented by using the lowest effective water content for the concrete mix and by using the largest possible sized coarse aggregate.
2. Prevent Bleeding
All preventive measures to avoid excessive bleeding must be practiced in the construction. Bleeding, to some extent, can be avoided by placing the concrete on a surface that is damp or absorptive. This helps to prevent the bleed water from coming on the top. This method is recommended for the construction of interior slabs.
3. Reduce cement content
Always employ the necessary cement content. When high cement content is essential, using pozzolana like fly ash, silica fume, etc. is an alternative.
4. Quality Curing of Concrete Slab
Cure the concrete properly, including the joints and edges of the slab. When the membrane curing method is used, the application of the membrane is performed twice. The second application is done at right angles to the first application.
5. Thickness of the concrete slab
What is Concrete Slab Curling?
Curling is the process of bending of slab edges either upwards or downwards. When a higher load, more than the permissible weight is applied over this distorted slab, the surface cracks. As an aftereffect of cracks, the edges of the slab can either chip off or spall. This is mainly observed in high traffic areas. From different cases studied, most of the curling of slab occurs at the early stages. But curling can also occur at later stages of the slab.
Curling in Concrete Slabs
Temperature or moisture content variation on the concrete slab’s top and bottom surfaces results in the lifting of the slab edges or the middle portion of the slab, as shown in figure-1 below. In both the cases, the curling effect leaves an unsupported portion. When a higher load, more than the permissible weight is applied over this distorted slab, the surface cracks, and as an aftereffect of cracks, the edges of the slab may either chip off or spall. This is mainly observed in high traffic areas. As per the case studies, most of the curling of slab occurs at the early stages. But it doesn’t mean that curling cannot occur in the later stages of the slab.
Fig.1. Curling of Concrete Slab due to Differential Drying Shrinkage
The significant causes of curling in concrete are drying shrinkage and temperature differences. Both the factors bring a change in the slab dimension relative to the other- This change in dimension results in the warping of edges in the direction of relative shortening.
Curling in Concrete Slabs due to Drying Shrinkage
Drying shrinkage is caused due to moisture content variation. When the top surface of the concrete slab dries and undergoes shrinkage with respect to the bottom surface, it results in curling. As shown in figure-1, the drying shrinkage occurs in the upward curling of the concrete slab. Drying shrinkage is caused due to:
1. Improper Curing
2. Rapid surface drying
3. High bleeding
See⏬
Fig.2. Upward and Downward Curling of the Concrete Slab
Curling in Concrete Slabs due to Temperature Differences
The temperature differences on the top and bottom surfaces of the concrete slab also result in the curling of the slab. The top cover, which is more exposed to the sunlight, undergoes more expansion when compared to the cooler bottom of the slab. It results in downward curling of the edges, as shown in figure-2(a). During cold temperature, the opposite happens, which results in upward curling in concrete slabs.
Other than the shrinkage issues and temperature variation, the condition of subgrade (wet or dry), the temperature cycles, and the construction practice influence the concrete slab curling.
How to Prevent Curling in Concrete Slabs?
The primary factors that result in concrete curling are shrinkage, temperature variations, moisture content of the soil, and the quality of construction. Some of the critical practice that must be followed to prevent the causes in curling in concrete slabs are enlisted below:
1. Prevent Drying Shrinkage
Drying shrinkage, to some extent, can be prevented by using the lowest effective water content for the concrete mix and by using the largest possible sized coarse aggregate.
2. Prevent Bleeding
All preventive measures to avoid excessive bleeding must be practiced in the construction. Bleeding, to some extent, can be avoided by placing the concrete on a surface that is damp or absorptive. This helps to prevent the bleed water from coming on the top. This method is recommended for the construction of interior slabs.
3. Reduce cement content
Always employ the necessary cement content. When high cement content is essential, using pozzolana like fly ash, silica fume, etc. is an alternative.
4. Quality Curing of Concrete Slab
Cure the concrete properly, including the joints and edges of the slab. When the membrane curing method is used, the application of the membrane is performed twice. The second application is done at right angles to the first application.
5. Thickness of the concrete slab
It is recommended to design a thicker slab to prevent curling. If not, provide an increased thickness at the edges.
6. Proper Steel Reinforcement
Properly designed and placed steel reinforcement can help prevent the curling to some extent. Any load transferring devices used to prevent the vertical movement is placed across the direction of construction joints.
7. Use of Sealers and Coatings
There are unique breathable sealers that help to minimize the difference in moisture, which hence prevents curling.
6. Proper Steel Reinforcement
Properly designed and placed steel reinforcement can help prevent the curling to some extent. Any load transferring devices used to prevent the vertical movement is placed across the direction of construction joints.
7. Use of Sealers and Coatings
There are unique breathable sealers that help to minimize the difference in moisture, which hence prevents curling.
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ውኃ ለመያዝ የሚያስችሉ ሥራዎች ከሳምንታት በኋላ ይጠናቀቃሉ
ታላቁ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዳሴ ግድብ ውኃ ለመያዝ የሚያስችሉ ሥራዎች ከሳምንታት በኋላ እንደሚጠናቀቁ የውኃ መስኖ እና ኢነርጂ ሚኒስትር ዶ/ር ኢንጂነር ስለሺ በቀለ ገለጹ።
ታላቁ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዳሴ ግድብ ከአንድ ወር በኋላ ውኃ እንዲይዝ የሚያስችሉ ተግባራት በመከናወን ላይ መሆኑን ለኢቲቪ የገለጹት ሚኒስትሩ፣ በቀጣይ ሳምንታት የሚከናወኑ ቀሪ ተግባራት ከተከናወኑ በኋላ ግድቡ የመጀመሪያውን ዙር ውኃ መያዝ እንደሚችል መናገራቸውን አሥራት ሚዲያ ዘግቧል።
ይህም በሚቀጥለው ዓመት የቅድመ-ኃይል ማመንጫ ተግባሩን ለማከናወን ወሳኝ ምዕራፍ መሆኑን ነው ዶ/ር ኢንጂነር ስለሺ በቀለ የተናገሩት።
ሚኒስትሩ ይህን የተናገሩት ከምክትል ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር አቶ ደመቀ መኮንን እና ከሌሎች ከፍተኛ የመንግሥት ሥራ ኃላፊዎች ጋር ታላቁ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዳሴ ግድብን በጎበኙበት ወቅት ነው።
ምክትል ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር አቶ ደመቀ መኮንን እና ሌሎች ከፍተኛ የመንግሥት የሥራ ኃላፊዎች ከጉብኝታቸው በኋላ ግድቡ በሚከናወንበት ስፍራ ላይ ችግኞች ተክለዋል።
ሰኔ 1 ቀን 2012 ዓ.ም
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https://t.me/Asrat_News
ታላቁ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዳሴ ግድብ ውኃ ለመያዝ የሚያስችሉ ሥራዎች ከሳምንታት በኋላ እንደሚጠናቀቁ የውኃ መስኖ እና ኢነርጂ ሚኒስትር ዶ/ር ኢንጂነር ስለሺ በቀለ ገለጹ።
ታላቁ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዳሴ ግድብ ከአንድ ወር በኋላ ውኃ እንዲይዝ የሚያስችሉ ተግባራት በመከናወን ላይ መሆኑን ለኢቲቪ የገለጹት ሚኒስትሩ፣ በቀጣይ ሳምንታት የሚከናወኑ ቀሪ ተግባራት ከተከናወኑ በኋላ ግድቡ የመጀመሪያውን ዙር ውኃ መያዝ እንደሚችል መናገራቸውን አሥራት ሚዲያ ዘግቧል።
ይህም በሚቀጥለው ዓመት የቅድመ-ኃይል ማመንጫ ተግባሩን ለማከናወን ወሳኝ ምዕራፍ መሆኑን ነው ዶ/ር ኢንጂነር ስለሺ በቀለ የተናገሩት።
ሚኒስትሩ ይህን የተናገሩት ከምክትል ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር አቶ ደመቀ መኮንን እና ከሌሎች ከፍተኛ የመንግሥት ሥራ ኃላፊዎች ጋር ታላቁ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዳሴ ግድብን በጎበኙበት ወቅት ነው።
ምክትል ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር አቶ ደመቀ መኮንን እና ሌሎች ከፍተኛ የመንግሥት የሥራ ኃላፊዎች ከጉብኝታቸው በኋላ ግድቡ በሚከናወንበት ስፍራ ላይ ችግኞች ተክለዋል።
ሰኔ 1 ቀን 2012 ዓ.ም
https://t.me/Asrat_News
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Building construction
1. Span : It is the clear distance between the supports of an arch, beam or roof truss.
2. Rise : It is the vertical distance between the top of the ridge and the wall plate
3. Pitch : It is the inclination of the sides of a roof to the horizontal plane.
4. Ridge : It is defined as the apex line of the sloping roof.
5. Eaves : The lower edge of the inclined surfaces is called eaves. From eaves, the rain water from the roof surface drops down
6. Hip : It is the ridge formed by the intersection of two sloping surfaces, where exterior angle is greater than 180°
7. Valley : It is a reverse of a hip. It is formed by the intersection of two roof Surfaces, making an external angle less than 180°.
8. Hipped end : It is the sloped triangular surface formed at the end of a roof.
9. Verge : The edge of a gable, running between the eaves and ridge, is known as a verge.
10. Ridge piece or ridge beam or ridge board : It is the horizontal wooden member, in the form of a beam or board, which is provided at the apex of a roof truss. It supports the common rafters fixed to it.
11. Common rafters or Spars : These are inclined wooden members running from the ridge to the eaves. Depending upon the roof covering material, the rafters are Spaced 30 to 45 cm centre to centre.
12. Purlins : These are horizontal wooden or steel members, used to support common rafters of a roof when span is large. Purlins are supported on trusses or walls.
13. Hip rafters : These are the sloping rafters which form the hip of a sloped roof
14. Battens : These are thin strips of wood, called scantling, which are nailed to the rafters for lying roof materials above.
15. Boardings : They act Similar to battens and are nailed to common rafter to support roofing material.
16. Template : This Is a square or rectangular block of stone or concrete placed under a beam or truss, to spread the load over a larger area of the wall.
17. Cleats : These are short sections of wood or steel (angle iron), which are fixed on the principal rafters of trusses to support the purlins.
18. Truss : A roof truss is a frame work, usually of triangles, designed to support the roof covering or ceiling over rooms.
Basic elements of pitched roof
1. Span : It is the clear distance between the supports of an arch, beam or roof truss.
2. Rise : It is the vertical distance between the top of the ridge and the wall plate
3. Pitch : It is the inclination of the sides of a roof to the horizontal plane.
4. Ridge : It is defined as the apex line of the sloping roof.
5. Eaves : The lower edge of the inclined surfaces is called eaves. From eaves, the rain water from the roof surface drops down
6. Hip : It is the ridge formed by the intersection of two sloping surfaces, where exterior angle is greater than 180°
7. Valley : It is a reverse of a hip. It is formed by the intersection of two roof Surfaces, making an external angle less than 180°.
8. Hipped end : It is the sloped triangular surface formed at the end of a roof.
9. Verge : The edge of a gable, running between the eaves and ridge, is known as a verge.
10. Ridge piece or ridge beam or ridge board : It is the horizontal wooden member, in the form of a beam or board, which is provided at the apex of a roof truss. It supports the common rafters fixed to it.
11. Common rafters or Spars : These are inclined wooden members running from the ridge to the eaves. Depending upon the roof covering material, the rafters are Spaced 30 to 45 cm centre to centre.
12. Purlins : These are horizontal wooden or steel members, used to support common rafters of a roof when span is large. Purlins are supported on trusses or walls.
13. Hip rafters : These are the sloping rafters which form the hip of a sloped roof
14. Battens : These are thin strips of wood, called scantling, which are nailed to the rafters for lying roof materials above.
15. Boardings : They act Similar to battens and are nailed to common rafter to support roofing material.
16. Template : This Is a square or rectangular block of stone or concrete placed under a beam or truss, to spread the load over a larger area of the wall.
17. Cleats : These are short sections of wood or steel (angle iron), which are fixed on the principal rafters of trusses to support the purlins.
18. Truss : A roof truss is a frame work, usually of triangles, designed to support the roof covering or ceiling over rooms.
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በአዲስ አበባ ከተማ የሲሚንቶ ዝርዝር ዋጋ
መንግስት ካስቀመጠው የሲሚንቶ ዋጋ በላይ በሚሸጡ የሲሚንቶ አከፋፋዮች ላይ እርምጃ እንደሚወሰድ የአዲስ አበባ ከተማ ንግድ ቢሮ አስታወቀ ፡፡
የንግድና ኢንዱስትሪ ሚኒስቴር በሲሚንቶ ግብይት ውስጥ ያሉ ህገ-ወጥ ደላሎችን ከገበያ ሰንሰለቱ በማስወጣት እየናረ የመጣውን የሲሚንቶ ዋጋ ለማስተካከል የመሸጫ ዋጋ በመተመን ከፋብሪካ አውጥተው የሚያከፋፍሉ የመንግስት የልማት ድርጅቶችና መመሪያውን አክብረው ለመስራት የተስማሙ የግል ነጋዴዎች ተመርጠው በቅርቡ ወደ ስራ መግባታቸው ይታወሳል፡፡
የአዲስ አበባ ከተማ ንግድ ቢሮው አላስፈላጊ የሲሚንቶ ዋጋ ንረትን በመቆጣጠርና ዋጋ በመተመን የኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፉ እንዳይዳከም በመስራት ላይ ይገኛል፡፡
ከፋብሪካዎች ተረክበው የሚሸጡ አከፋፋዮች የሚሸጡበት የአንድ ኩንታል ዋጋ እንደየርቀቱ ከ240.20 ብር እስከ 388.10 ብር እንዲሆን የተወሰነ ቢሆንም አንዳንድ አከፋፋዮች ግን ከተቀመጠው ዋጋ በላይ በመሸጥ ላይ እንደሚገኙ በተደረገ የመስክ ምልከታ ማረጋገጥ ተችሏል፡፡
መንግስት ባስቀመጠው የሲሚንቶ ዋጋ መሰረት ግብይት በማይፈጽሙ የሲሚንቶ አከፋፋዮች ላይ አስፈላጊውን እርምጃ እንደሚወሰድ ቢሮው ገልጿል፡፡
VIA-Addis Ababa press secretary office
የአ/አ/ከ/አ/ኮንስትራክሽን ቢሮ ሰኔ 16/2012 ዓ/ም
https://t.me/engineer03
https://t.me/engineer03
መንግስት ካስቀመጠው የሲሚንቶ ዋጋ በላይ በሚሸጡ የሲሚንቶ አከፋፋዮች ላይ እርምጃ እንደሚወሰድ የአዲስ አበባ ከተማ ንግድ ቢሮ አስታወቀ ፡፡
የንግድና ኢንዱስትሪ ሚኒስቴር በሲሚንቶ ግብይት ውስጥ ያሉ ህገ-ወጥ ደላሎችን ከገበያ ሰንሰለቱ በማስወጣት እየናረ የመጣውን የሲሚንቶ ዋጋ ለማስተካከል የመሸጫ ዋጋ በመተመን ከፋብሪካ አውጥተው የሚያከፋፍሉ የመንግስት የልማት ድርጅቶችና መመሪያውን አክብረው ለመስራት የተስማሙ የግል ነጋዴዎች ተመርጠው በቅርቡ ወደ ስራ መግባታቸው ይታወሳል፡፡
የአዲስ አበባ ከተማ ንግድ ቢሮው አላስፈላጊ የሲሚንቶ ዋጋ ንረትን በመቆጣጠርና ዋጋ በመተመን የኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፉ እንዳይዳከም በመስራት ላይ ይገኛል፡፡
ከፋብሪካዎች ተረክበው የሚሸጡ አከፋፋዮች የሚሸጡበት የአንድ ኩንታል ዋጋ እንደየርቀቱ ከ240.20 ብር እስከ 388.10 ብር እንዲሆን የተወሰነ ቢሆንም አንዳንድ አከፋፋዮች ግን ከተቀመጠው ዋጋ በላይ በመሸጥ ላይ እንደሚገኙ በተደረገ የመስክ ምልከታ ማረጋገጥ ተችሏል፡፡
መንግስት ባስቀመጠው የሲሚንቶ ዋጋ መሰረት ግብይት በማይፈጽሙ የሲሚንቶ አከፋፋዮች ላይ አስፈላጊውን እርምጃ እንደሚወሰድ ቢሮው ገልጿል፡፡
VIA-Addis Ababa press secretary office
የአ/አ/ከ/አ/ኮንስትራክሽን ቢሮ ሰኔ 16/2012 ዓ/ም
https://t.me/engineer03
https://t.me/engineer03
የሀንፃ ኤሌክትሪክ መስመር ዝርጋታ የመብራትና ማብሪያ/ማጥፊያ ፣የሶኬት፣ የደወል ወዘተ ዝርጋታዎችን ያጠቃልላል። ስለዚህ አንድ በአንድ እናያለን።
🔸የቻናላችን ቤተሰብ ለመሆን
👇
https://t.me/engineer03
"ለሌሎች ለውጥ ምክንያት እንሁን!"
🔸ለወዳጅዎም ያጋሩ!
🔹እናመሰግናለን!
🔸የቻናላችን ቤተሰብ ለመሆን
👇
https://t.me/engineer03
"ለሌሎች ለውጥ ምክንያት እንሁን!"
🔸ለወዳጅዎም ያጋሩ!
🔹እናመሰግናለን!
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
🔹1.የኤሌክትሪክ መብራት መስመር ዝርጋታ:-
🔸የምንጠቀማቸው የመብራት ብዛትና መብራቱን የምናበራበትና የምናጠፋበት መንገድ እንደ ክፍሎች ስፋት እና እንደሚሰጡት አገልግሎት ይለያያል። 🔸በዚህም መሰረት በብዛት የምንጠቀምባቸውና በጣም አስፈላጊ የሆኑትን እንዲሁም የትኛው ሰርኪዩት ለየትኛው ክፍል እንደምንጠቀም እናያለን
🔹1.1. አንድን አምፖል ከአንድ ቦታ በነጠላ ማብሪያ ማጥፊያ መቆጣጠር (Controlling a single Lamp from one position):-
🔸ከላይ ምስሉ ላይ እንደምናየው የምልክቶች ትርጉም በመፍቻው ተገልጿል።
🔸የመጀመሪያው ስዕል ላይአውት ሲሆን ሁለተኛው ዋየሪንግ ስዕል ነው።
🔸ዋየሪንግ ስዕሉ ላይ እንደምናየው ነጠላ ማብሪያ/ማጥፊያ 2 ተርሚናል ውይም ፒን ሲኖረው አንደኛው እሳት/phase ሲሆን ምልክቱም L ነው። ሁለተኛው ደግሞ ወጪ/ተመላሺ (Return)የምንለው ሲሆን ምልክቱም 1 ይሆናል።
🔸 ስለዚህ እሳቱ(P) በቀጥታ የማብሪያ/ማጥፊያው P ላይ ይታሰራል።
🔸የማብሪያ/ማጥፊያው ወጪ/ተመላሺ ደግሞ በየኤሌክትሪክ ሽቦ በቀጥታ የአምፖል ማቀፊያችን እንደኛው ጫፍ ላይ ይታሰራል።
🔸ውሃ(Neutral) በፍፁም ማብሪያ/ማጥፊያ ውስጥ አይገባም(❗️)።
🔸ውሃ(Neutral) በቀጥታ ከቆጣሪ ወይም ከከፊል ሀይል ማከፋፈያችን ወሰደን የአምፖላችን ማቀፊያ ሁለተኛው ጫፍ ላይ እናስረዋለን።
🔸አሁን አምፖላችን ገጥመን እጨርሳለን ማለት ነው።
🔹ነገር ግን የሰራነው ስራ ልክ መሆኑንና አለመሆኑን ሃይል ከመስጠታችን በፊት ማራጋገጥ አለብን(❗️)።
🔸የምንጠቀምበት ቦታም:-
🔘ለመታጠቢያ ክፍል/bath room
🔘ለመፀዳጃ ክፍል/Toilet room
🔘ለምግብ ማብሰያ ክፍል/kitchen
🔘ለማከማቻ ክፍል/Store room
ወዘተ ናቸው።
ይቀጥላል ......
🔸የምንጠቀማቸው የመብራት ብዛትና መብራቱን የምናበራበትና የምናጠፋበት መንገድ እንደ ክፍሎች ስፋት እና እንደሚሰጡት አገልግሎት ይለያያል። 🔸በዚህም መሰረት በብዛት የምንጠቀምባቸውና በጣም አስፈላጊ የሆኑትን እንዲሁም የትኛው ሰርኪዩት ለየትኛው ክፍል እንደምንጠቀም እናያለን
🔹1.1. አንድን አምፖል ከአንድ ቦታ በነጠላ ማብሪያ ማጥፊያ መቆጣጠር (Controlling a single Lamp from one position):-
🔸ከላይ ምስሉ ላይ እንደምናየው የምልክቶች ትርጉም በመፍቻው ተገልጿል።
🔸የመጀመሪያው ስዕል ላይአውት ሲሆን ሁለተኛው ዋየሪንግ ስዕል ነው።
🔸ዋየሪንግ ስዕሉ ላይ እንደምናየው ነጠላ ማብሪያ/ማጥፊያ 2 ተርሚናል ውይም ፒን ሲኖረው አንደኛው እሳት/phase ሲሆን ምልክቱም L ነው። ሁለተኛው ደግሞ ወጪ/ተመላሺ (Return)የምንለው ሲሆን ምልክቱም 1 ይሆናል።
🔸 ስለዚህ እሳቱ(P) በቀጥታ የማብሪያ/ማጥፊያው P ላይ ይታሰራል።
🔸የማብሪያ/ማጥፊያው ወጪ/ተመላሺ ደግሞ በየኤሌክትሪክ ሽቦ በቀጥታ የአምፖል ማቀፊያችን እንደኛው ጫፍ ላይ ይታሰራል።
🔸ውሃ(Neutral) በፍፁም ማብሪያ/ማጥፊያ ውስጥ አይገባም(❗️)።
🔸ውሃ(Neutral) በቀጥታ ከቆጣሪ ወይም ከከፊል ሀይል ማከፋፈያችን ወሰደን የአምፖላችን ማቀፊያ ሁለተኛው ጫፍ ላይ እናስረዋለን።
🔸አሁን አምፖላችን ገጥመን እጨርሳለን ማለት ነው።
🔹ነገር ግን የሰራነው ስራ ልክ መሆኑንና አለመሆኑን ሃይል ከመስጠታችን በፊት ማራጋገጥ አለብን(❗️)።
🔸የምንጠቀምበት ቦታም:-
🔘ለመታጠቢያ ክፍል/bath room
🔘ለመፀዳጃ ክፍል/Toilet room
🔘ለምግብ ማብሰያ ክፍል/kitchen
🔘ለማከማቻ ክፍል/Store room
ወዘተ ናቸው።
ይቀጥላል ......
🔹1.2. ሁለት አምፖሎችን ከአንድ ቦታ በነጠላ ማብሪያ/ማጥፊያ መቆጣጠር(Controlling two lamps from one position):-
🔸ከላይ በ1.1 ከተገለፀው ተመሳሳይ ሲሆን ልዩነቱ ሁለት አምፖል መሆኑ ብቻ ነው።
🔸 ስለዚህ መጀመሪያ እንዳየነው ሌላው ነግር ተመሳሳይ ሆኖ ለመጀመሪያው ከሰጠነው ሁለት ኤሌክትሪክ ሽቦዎች ላይ ሌላ ሁለት ገመዶች በመቀጠል ለሁለተኛው አምፖል መስጠት ነው።
🔸ለበለጠ መረጃ ከላይ ያሉትን ስዕሎች ይመልከቱ።
🔸አገልግሎቱም ከላይ የጠቀስናቸው በተለይ ማከማቻና የምግብ ማብሰያ ክፍሎች ሰፊ ከሆኑና አንድ መብራት በቂ ካልሆነ ሁለት ወይም ከሁለት በላይ አምፖሎችን በነጠላ ማብሪያ/ማጥፊያ በመቆጣጠር መጠቀም እችላለን።
https://t.me/engineer03
https://t.me/engineer03
🔸ከላይ በ1.1 ከተገለፀው ተመሳሳይ ሲሆን ልዩነቱ ሁለት አምፖል መሆኑ ብቻ ነው።
🔸 ስለዚህ መጀመሪያ እንዳየነው ሌላው ነግር ተመሳሳይ ሆኖ ለመጀመሪያው ከሰጠነው ሁለት ኤሌክትሪክ ሽቦዎች ላይ ሌላ ሁለት ገመዶች በመቀጠል ለሁለተኛው አምፖል መስጠት ነው።
🔸ለበለጠ መረጃ ከላይ ያሉትን ስዕሎች ይመልከቱ።
🔸አገልግሎቱም ከላይ የጠቀስናቸው በተለይ ማከማቻና የምግብ ማብሰያ ክፍሎች ሰፊ ከሆኑና አንድ መብራት በቂ ካልሆነ ሁለት ወይም ከሁለት በላይ አምፖሎችን በነጠላ ማብሪያ/ማጥፊያ በመቆጣጠር መጠቀም እችላለን።
https://t.me/engineer03
https://t.me/engineer03