How tall buildings resist the wind
👉Setbacks
Besides the forementioned corner softening and tapering buildings to resist the wind, alternating a building’s profile as it rises and including setbacks can also reduce the strength of vortices as they move around buildings. Some of New York City's early skyscrapers achieved this in response to the setback ordinances of 1916 - which was a measure adopted primarily to stop massive buildings from preventing light and air from reaching the streets below, and established limits in building massing at certain heights, usually interpreted as a series of setbacks. The most notable example of setbacks today is the 828 metre Burj Khalifa in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This remarkable structure uses a range of techniques to resist the wind and achieve its height - including an extreme taper, multiple setbacks and high degree of corner softening, in which their effect can be demonstrated in a simulation developed using software such as SimScale.
👉Setbacks
Besides the forementioned corner softening and tapering buildings to resist the wind, alternating a building’s profile as it rises and including setbacks can also reduce the strength of vortices as they move around buildings. Some of New York City's early skyscrapers achieved this in response to the setback ordinances of 1916 - which was a measure adopted primarily to stop massive buildings from preventing light and air from reaching the streets below, and established limits in building massing at certain heights, usually interpreted as a series of setbacks. The most notable example of setbacks today is the 828 metre Burj Khalifa in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This remarkable structure uses a range of techniques to resist the wind and achieve its height - including an extreme taper, multiple setbacks and high degree of corner softening, in which their effect can be demonstrated in a simulation developed using software such as SimScale.
#Longest_Highways_In_The_World
Highway 1 in Australia is a network of highways that run around the country joining all the state capitals in the mainland Australia. The Highway 1 covers a distance of 9,000 miles and is one of the longest highways in the world. Each day more than one million people travel on the part of the road. Highway 1 was constructed in 1955 after a compilation of the already existing local tracks and roads. It is the only route to connect all the Australian territories and states except of the Australian Capital Territory. Most of the country’s highways are tributaries of Highway 1.
https://t.me/engineer03
Highway 1 in Australia is a network of highways that run around the country joining all the state capitals in the mainland Australia. The Highway 1 covers a distance of 9,000 miles and is one of the longest highways in the world. Each day more than one million people travel on the part of the road. Highway 1 was constructed in 1955 after a compilation of the already existing local tracks and roads. It is the only route to connect all the Australian territories and states except of the Australian Capital Territory. Most of the country’s highways are tributaries of Highway 1.
https://t.me/engineer03
👍1
#Longest_Highways_In_The_World
Trans-Canada Highway - Canada
Trans-Canada highway is transcontinental systems of roads maintained by both the federal and provincial governments and stretches from the west coast of Pacific Ocean and passes through all the ten provinces of Canada to the east coast at the Atlantic Ocean. The highway covers a distance of 4,999 miles long. The highway was approved by the Trans-Canada highway act of 1949 and the construction begun in 1950. It was officially inaugurated in 1962 and its completion was in 1971. At its completion it was the world’s longest uninterrupted highway and it was distinct with the white on green maple leaf markings along its stretch. In 2012, a number of public vehicle charging stations were installed along the highway by the Sun Country Highway company to allow owners of electric vehicles to travel across the entire highway.
Trans-Canada Highway - Canada
Trans-Canada highway is transcontinental systems of roads maintained by both the federal and provincial governments and stretches from the west coast of Pacific Ocean and passes through all the ten provinces of Canada to the east coast at the Atlantic Ocean. The highway covers a distance of 4,999 miles long. The highway was approved by the Trans-Canada highway act of 1949 and the construction begun in 1950. It was officially inaugurated in 1962 and its completion was in 1971. At its completion it was the world’s longest uninterrupted highway and it was distinct with the white on green maple leaf markings along its stretch. In 2012, a number of public vehicle charging stations were installed along the highway by the Sun Country Highway company to allow owners of electric vehicles to travel across the entire highway.
Forwarded from አሥራት ሚዲያ Asrat Media ®🇪🇹
#በድጋሚየቀረበ
#ጥቂት_ቀናት_ታሪክህን_ሊቀይሩ_ይችላሉ!
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#በኮሮና ቫይረስ ከተያዝክ በሕይወትህ አይተህ የማታውቀውን አይነት
ትኩሳት /ንዳድ/ ይሰማሀል፡፡ ሁሌ የሚሰማህ አይነት ጉንፋን ወይም ራስ ምታት
አይምሰልህ፡፡
#ስፖንጅ አፍንጫህ ላይ የተቀረቀረ ይመስል ለመተንፈስ ትቃትታለህ፡፡ ሳንባህን
በአየር ለመሙላት በሀይለኛው ትንፋሽህን ስትስብ አየር ያጥርሀል! ያኔ
ትፈራለህ! በሀይል ከማሳልህ የተነሳ በድካም አእምሮህን #ልትስት ትደርሳለህ!
ባሳልክ ቁጥር ደረትህ፣ እጆችህ፣ ጀርባህ፣ የእጅና እግር ጣቶችህ .... #ነፍስህ
እዚያ ጋር ያለ ይመስል በጣም ያሙሃል፡፡
በአፍንጫህ አየር ለማስገባት ስለማትችል ኦክስጂን ይሰጡሀል፡፡ ያ ደግሞ
የአፍንጫህ ቱቦዎች እሳት የተለቀቀባቸው ያክል ስቃይ ይለቅብሀል! አሁንም
መተንፈስ ካልቻልክ ሌላ ሀኪም ይመጣና ግማሽ ኢንች የሚሆኑ ሁለት #ቱቦዎች
በጉሮሮህ በኩል ወደሳንባዎችህ ይሰዳል! ይህን artificial respirator ብለው
የሚጠሩት ህክምና ለመተንፈስ የሚረዳህ ነው፡፡
ይህ ሁኔታ በጣም ከማስጠላቱና ከመክበዱ በላይ #መብላትና መጠጣት
አትችልም፡፡
በዚህ ሁኔታ ውስጥ ብቻህን መሆን ስላለብህ #እናትህን፣ #አባትህን
፣ #ልጆችህን ፣ #ሚስትህን ፣ #ወንድምና #እህትህን ወይም ጓደኛችህን ማየት
አይፈቀድልህም፡፡
ምክንያቱም ሊገልህ ባለው በሽታ እንዳትበክላቸው ነው! በዚህ ስቃይ ውስጥ
ብቻህን ከመሆንህ የተነሳ #ትፈራለህ ፣ ታለቅሳለህ ፣ ሊገልህም እንደሚችል
ይገባሀል ! ! ! በነገርህ ላይ ልትሞትም ትችላለህ! የምትወዳቸውን እያሰብክ
ካለጠያቂ ነፍስ ለማዳን በሚዋከቡ ሀኪሞች ተከበህ ታለቅሳለህ፤ ከትንፋሽህ
ጋር ግብ ግብ እየገጠምክ፡፡
ያኔ ነው ከቻልክ እቤትህ ተቀመጥ፣ ያለምክንያት ከቤት አትውጣ፣ እጅህን
በተደጋጋሚ ታጠብ፣ ሳኒታይዘርና አልኮሆል ተጠቀም፣ ርቀትህን ጠብቅ እና
ማስክ አድርግ የተባልከው ትዝ የሚልህ! እኔ የወንድሜ ጠባቂ ነኝ፣ እኔ የእህቴ
ጠባቂ ነኝ፡፡
እኔ ለወላጆቼ እጠነቀቃለሁ ብለህ ካሁኑ ንቃ! ጥቂት ቀናት ታሪክህን ሊቀይሩ
ይችላል!
ከቻልክ በጣም ለምትወዳቸው 3ሰወች ይሄንን ሸር በማድረግ ራሳቸውን እንዲጠብቁ እንዳይዘናጉ አስታውሳቸው
ዶክተር ሊያ ታደሰ
ግንቦት 26 ቀን 2012 ዓ.ም
@Asrat_News
@Asrat_News
#ጥቂት_ቀናት_ታሪክህን_ሊቀይሩ_ይችላሉ!
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#በኮሮና ቫይረስ ከተያዝክ በሕይወትህ አይተህ የማታውቀውን አይነት
ትኩሳት /ንዳድ/ ይሰማሀል፡፡ ሁሌ የሚሰማህ አይነት ጉንፋን ወይም ራስ ምታት
አይምሰልህ፡፡
#ስፖንጅ አፍንጫህ ላይ የተቀረቀረ ይመስል ለመተንፈስ ትቃትታለህ፡፡ ሳንባህን
በአየር ለመሙላት በሀይለኛው ትንፋሽህን ስትስብ አየር ያጥርሀል! ያኔ
ትፈራለህ! በሀይል ከማሳልህ የተነሳ በድካም አእምሮህን #ልትስት ትደርሳለህ!
ባሳልክ ቁጥር ደረትህ፣ እጆችህ፣ ጀርባህ፣ የእጅና እግር ጣቶችህ .... #ነፍስህ
እዚያ ጋር ያለ ይመስል በጣም ያሙሃል፡፡
በአፍንጫህ አየር ለማስገባት ስለማትችል ኦክስጂን ይሰጡሀል፡፡ ያ ደግሞ
የአፍንጫህ ቱቦዎች እሳት የተለቀቀባቸው ያክል ስቃይ ይለቅብሀል! አሁንም
መተንፈስ ካልቻልክ ሌላ ሀኪም ይመጣና ግማሽ ኢንች የሚሆኑ ሁለት #ቱቦዎች
በጉሮሮህ በኩል ወደሳንባዎችህ ይሰዳል! ይህን artificial respirator ብለው
የሚጠሩት ህክምና ለመተንፈስ የሚረዳህ ነው፡፡
ይህ ሁኔታ በጣም ከማስጠላቱና ከመክበዱ በላይ #መብላትና መጠጣት
አትችልም፡፡
በዚህ ሁኔታ ውስጥ ብቻህን መሆን ስላለብህ #እናትህን፣ #አባትህን
፣ #ልጆችህን ፣ #ሚስትህን ፣ #ወንድምና #እህትህን ወይም ጓደኛችህን ማየት
አይፈቀድልህም፡፡
ምክንያቱም ሊገልህ ባለው በሽታ እንዳትበክላቸው ነው! በዚህ ስቃይ ውስጥ
ብቻህን ከመሆንህ የተነሳ #ትፈራለህ ፣ ታለቅሳለህ ፣ ሊገልህም እንደሚችል
ይገባሀል ! ! ! በነገርህ ላይ ልትሞትም ትችላለህ! የምትወዳቸውን እያሰብክ
ካለጠያቂ ነፍስ ለማዳን በሚዋከቡ ሀኪሞች ተከበህ ታለቅሳለህ፤ ከትንፋሽህ
ጋር ግብ ግብ እየገጠምክ፡፡
ያኔ ነው ከቻልክ እቤትህ ተቀመጥ፣ ያለምክንያት ከቤት አትውጣ፣ እጅህን
በተደጋጋሚ ታጠብ፣ ሳኒታይዘርና አልኮሆል ተጠቀም፣ ርቀትህን ጠብቅ እና
ማስክ አድርግ የተባልከው ትዝ የሚልህ! እኔ የወንድሜ ጠባቂ ነኝ፣ እኔ የእህቴ
ጠባቂ ነኝ፡፡
እኔ ለወላጆቼ እጠነቀቃለሁ ብለህ ካሁኑ ንቃ! ጥቂት ቀናት ታሪክህን ሊቀይሩ
ይችላል!
ከቻልክ በጣም ለምትወዳቸው 3ሰወች ይሄንን ሸር በማድረግ ራሳቸውን እንዲጠብቁ እንዳይዘናጉ አስታውሳቸው
ዶክተር ሊያ ታደሰ
ግንቦት 26 ቀን 2012 ዓ.ም
@Asrat_News
@Asrat_News
Forwarded from ቪላ ፤ አፓርትመንት እና ሱቆች
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ቤትዎን በባለሙያዎች በትንሽ ገንዘብ ያሰሩ!!!!ያሳምሩ!!!! GAMACON GC
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✔Electric ባለሙያ እናገናኛለን
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✔የቀለም ስራዎች ባለሙያ
✔የበር እና መስታወት ስራ ባለሙያ
❖ረጅም አመት የሰሩ እና በሙያቸው የተመሰገኑ ምርጥ ባለሙያዎችን እናቀርባለን አናግሩን
+251900100765 /+251 91 284 6650
+251900100765 /+251 91 284 6650
ጠቅላላ-የሲቪል-ኢንጂነሪንግ-ኮንስትራክሽን-ስራ-እና-የማማከር-አገልግሎት-
ቤትዎን በባለሙያዎች በትንሽ ገንዘብ ያሰሩ!!!!ያሳምሩ!!!! GAMACON GC
consultant We provide the following services
✔Architectural Design
✔Building Construction consultancy
✔Structural design
✔structural details and drawings
✔cost estimation
✔Interior design and decoration
✔Home painting and finishing
✔Civil Engineering software training
✔Setting out (ቅየሳ) የsurvey ባለሙያ
✔form work ባለሙያ ( አናፂ )
✔rebar (የብረት ስራ ባለሙያ )
✔mixer,vibrator ,generator በራሳቸው አቅርበው concrete የሚሞሉ ባለሙያ እናገናኛለን
✔Electric ባለሙያ እናገናኛለን
✔የሳኒተሪ ባለሙያ እናገናኛለን
✔Block work , masnory work
✔Waterproof ባለሙያ
✔plastering(የልስን) ባለሙያ
✔የቻክ ባለሙያ
✔የአልሙኒየም ባለሙያ
✔የሴራሚክ ባለሙያ
✔የ screed ባለሙያ
✔የብረታ ብረት በያጅ ባለሙያ
✔የቀለም ስራዎች ባለሙያ
✔የበር እና መስታወት ስራ ባለሙያ
❖ረጅም አመት የሰሩ እና በሙያቸው የተመሰገኑ ምርጥ ባለሙያዎችን እናቀርባለን አናግሩን
+251900100765 /+251 91 284 6650
#Longest_Highways_In_The_World
BR-153 - Brazil
The BR-153 is Brazil’s major federal highway and is formally called the Transbrasiliana Highway. The highway crosses Brazil north to south where it starts in São Domingos do Araguaia, Pará, and ends at Rio Grande do Sul.
BR-153 - Brazil
The BR-153 is Brazil’s major federal highway and is formally called the Transbrasiliana Highway. The highway crosses Brazil north to south where it starts in São Domingos do Araguaia, Pará, and ends at Rio Grande do Sul.
Stairs♦️ Requirement of Good stair
🔸 Width of stair
👉 In domestic building a 90cm wide stair is sufficient.
👉 In public building 1.5m to 1.8m width may be required.
🔸 Length of flight
👉 The number of steps are not more than 12 and not less than 3
🔸 Pitch of stair
👉 Pitch should be limited to 30° to 45°
🔸 Head room
👉 It should not be less than 2.1 to 2.3m
🔸 Step dimensions
👉 Going :- The going should not be less than 25cm. 30cm going is quite comfortable
👉 Rise :- Rise should be between 10cm to 15cm
👉 Width of landing should not be less than the width of stair.
Building construction
♦️
Dimensions of stairsThe following thumb rules are followed ( all dimensions are in cm )
1. (2 × Rise) + Going = 60
2. Rise + Going = 40 to 60
3. Rise × Going = 400 to 450
4. Adopt Rise = 14cm and Going = 30cm as standard
🗣 🏗 ᏚᎻᎪᎡᎬ & JᏫᏆN ᏌᏚ 🚧
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@engineer03
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@engineer03
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#CES #steel
🧰 Few general points for the civil engineer to remember to make the construction work easy and hence maintaining the quality of the work, done on the site:
⚙️36mm is the maximum diameter of the bars used for lapping. Bars having more than this diameter are not allowed.
⚒Maximum chair spacing is 1m and the minimum diameter used for these bars is 12mm.
🔨Minimum diameter used for dowels bars is 12mm.
🔨Longitudinal reinforcement should not be less than 0.8% of gross area of cross section and not be more than 6% of the same.
🔨Minimum number of bars used for square columns is 4 and that of a circle is 6.
🔨The main bars used in the slabs should not be less than 8mm when HYSD bars are used and 10mm when plain bars are used.
🔨The distribution bars in slabs should not less than 8mm and not more than 1/8 of slab thickness.
⛏Minimum thickness of slab is 125mm.
⛏Maximum free fall of concrete is allowed to 1.50m.
🔩Lap slices not be employed for bars greater than 36 mm.
💎PH value of the water should not be less than 6.
🔨Compressive strength of Bricks is 3.5 N/mm2
🔨Water absorption of bricks should not be more than 15 %.
🔨Binding wire required in steel reinforcement is 8 kg per MT.
🔨As per IS code, 3 samples should be taken for core cutting test for every 100m2in soil filling.
https://t.me/engineer03
🧰 Few general points for the civil engineer to remember to make the construction work easy and hence maintaining the quality of the work, done on the site:
⚙️36mm is the maximum diameter of the bars used for lapping. Bars having more than this diameter are not allowed.
⚒Maximum chair spacing is 1m and the minimum diameter used for these bars is 12mm.
🔨Minimum diameter used for dowels bars is 12mm.
🔨Longitudinal reinforcement should not be less than 0.8% of gross area of cross section and not be more than 6% of the same.
🔨Minimum number of bars used for square columns is 4 and that of a circle is 6.
🔨The main bars used in the slabs should not be less than 8mm when HYSD bars are used and 10mm when plain bars are used.
🔨The distribution bars in slabs should not less than 8mm and not more than 1/8 of slab thickness.
⛏Minimum thickness of slab is 125mm.
⛏Maximum free fall of concrete is allowed to 1.50m.
🔩Lap slices not be employed for bars greater than 36 mm.
💎PH value of the water should not be less than 6.
🔨Compressive strength of Bricks is 3.5 N/mm2
🔨Water absorption of bricks should not be more than 15 %.
🔨Binding wire required in steel reinforcement is 8 kg per MT.
🔨As per IS code, 3 samples should be taken for core cutting test for every 100m2in soil filling.
https://t.me/engineer03
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
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Fig.1. Curling of Concrete Slab due to Differential Drying Shrinkage
Curling in Concrete Slabs
What is Concrete Slab Curling?
Curling is the process of bending of slab edges either upwards or downwards. When a higher load, more than the permissible weight is applied over this distorted slab, the surface cracks. As an aftereffect of cracks, the edges of the slab can either chip off or spall. This is mainly observed in high traffic areas. From different cases studied, most of the curling of slab occurs at the early stages. But curling can also occur at later stages of the slab.
Curling in Concrete Slabs
Temperature or moisture content variation on the concrete slab’s top and bottom surfaces results in the lifting of the slab edges or the middle portion of the slab, as shown in figure-1 below. In both the cases, the curling effect leaves an unsupported portion. When a higher load, more than the permissible weight is applied over this distorted slab, the surface cracks, and as an aftereffect of cracks, the edges of the slab may either chip off or spall. This is mainly observed in high traffic areas. As per the case studies, most of the curling of slab occurs at the early stages. But it doesn’t mean that curling cannot occur in the later stages of the slab.
Fig.1. Curling of Concrete Slab due to Differential Drying Shrinkage
The significant causes of curling in concrete are drying shrinkage and temperature differences. Both the factors bring a change in the slab dimension relative to the other- This change in dimension results in the warping of edges in the direction of relative shortening.
Curling in Concrete Slabs due to Drying Shrinkage
Drying shrinkage is caused due to moisture content variation. When the top surface of the concrete slab dries and undergoes shrinkage with respect to the bottom surface, it results in curling. As shown in figure-1, the drying shrinkage occurs in the upward curling of the concrete slab. Drying shrinkage is caused due to:
1. Improper Curing
2. Rapid surface drying
3. High bleeding
See⏬
Fig.2. Upward and Downward Curling of the Concrete Slab
Curling in Concrete Slabs due to Temperature Differences
The temperature differences on the top and bottom surfaces of the concrete slab also result in the curling of the slab. The top cover, which is more exposed to the sunlight, undergoes more expansion when compared to the cooler bottom of the slab. It results in downward curling of the edges, as shown in figure-2(a). During cold temperature, the opposite happens, which results in upward curling in concrete slabs.
Other than the shrinkage issues and temperature variation, the condition of subgrade (wet or dry), the temperature cycles, and the construction practice influence the concrete slab curling.
How to Prevent Curling in Concrete Slabs?
The primary factors that result in concrete curling are shrinkage, temperature variations, moisture content of the soil, and the quality of construction. Some of the critical practice that must be followed to prevent the causes in curling in concrete slabs are enlisted below:
1. Prevent Drying Shrinkage
Drying shrinkage, to some extent, can be prevented by using the lowest effective water content for the concrete mix and by using the largest possible sized coarse aggregate.
2. Prevent Bleeding
All preventive measures to avoid excessive bleeding must be practiced in the construction. Bleeding, to some extent, can be avoided by placing the concrete on a surface that is damp or absorptive. This helps to prevent the bleed water from coming on the top. This method is recommended for the construction of interior slabs.
3. Reduce cement content
Always employ the necessary cement content. When high cement content is essential, using pozzolana like fly ash, silica fume, etc. is an alternative.
4. Quality Curing of Concrete Slab
Cure the concrete properly, including the joints and edges of the slab. When the membrane curing method is used, the application of the membrane is performed twice. The second application is done at right angles to the first application.
5. Thickness of the concrete slab
What is Concrete Slab Curling?
Curling is the process of bending of slab edges either upwards or downwards. When a higher load, more than the permissible weight is applied over this distorted slab, the surface cracks. As an aftereffect of cracks, the edges of the slab can either chip off or spall. This is mainly observed in high traffic areas. From different cases studied, most of the curling of slab occurs at the early stages. But curling can also occur at later stages of the slab.
Curling in Concrete Slabs
Temperature or moisture content variation on the concrete slab’s top and bottom surfaces results in the lifting of the slab edges or the middle portion of the slab, as shown in figure-1 below. In both the cases, the curling effect leaves an unsupported portion. When a higher load, more than the permissible weight is applied over this distorted slab, the surface cracks, and as an aftereffect of cracks, the edges of the slab may either chip off or spall. This is mainly observed in high traffic areas. As per the case studies, most of the curling of slab occurs at the early stages. But it doesn’t mean that curling cannot occur in the later stages of the slab.
Fig.1. Curling of Concrete Slab due to Differential Drying Shrinkage
The significant causes of curling in concrete are drying shrinkage and temperature differences. Both the factors bring a change in the slab dimension relative to the other- This change in dimension results in the warping of edges in the direction of relative shortening.
Curling in Concrete Slabs due to Drying Shrinkage
Drying shrinkage is caused due to moisture content variation. When the top surface of the concrete slab dries and undergoes shrinkage with respect to the bottom surface, it results in curling. As shown in figure-1, the drying shrinkage occurs in the upward curling of the concrete slab. Drying shrinkage is caused due to:
1. Improper Curing
2. Rapid surface drying
3. High bleeding
See⏬
Fig.2. Upward and Downward Curling of the Concrete Slab
Curling in Concrete Slabs due to Temperature Differences
The temperature differences on the top and bottom surfaces of the concrete slab also result in the curling of the slab. The top cover, which is more exposed to the sunlight, undergoes more expansion when compared to the cooler bottom of the slab. It results in downward curling of the edges, as shown in figure-2(a). During cold temperature, the opposite happens, which results in upward curling in concrete slabs.
Other than the shrinkage issues and temperature variation, the condition of subgrade (wet or dry), the temperature cycles, and the construction practice influence the concrete slab curling.
How to Prevent Curling in Concrete Slabs?
The primary factors that result in concrete curling are shrinkage, temperature variations, moisture content of the soil, and the quality of construction. Some of the critical practice that must be followed to prevent the causes in curling in concrete slabs are enlisted below:
1. Prevent Drying Shrinkage
Drying shrinkage, to some extent, can be prevented by using the lowest effective water content for the concrete mix and by using the largest possible sized coarse aggregate.
2. Prevent Bleeding
All preventive measures to avoid excessive bleeding must be practiced in the construction. Bleeding, to some extent, can be avoided by placing the concrete on a surface that is damp or absorptive. This helps to prevent the bleed water from coming on the top. This method is recommended for the construction of interior slabs.
3. Reduce cement content
Always employ the necessary cement content. When high cement content is essential, using pozzolana like fly ash, silica fume, etc. is an alternative.
4. Quality Curing of Concrete Slab
Cure the concrete properly, including the joints and edges of the slab. When the membrane curing method is used, the application of the membrane is performed twice. The second application is done at right angles to the first application.
5. Thickness of the concrete slab