Topic: #Surveying
#SPECIAL_METHODS_OF_SPIRIT_LEVELLING
🎓 #Differential_levelling: it is the method of direct levelling the object of which is solely to determine the difference in elevation of two point regardless of the horizontal positions of the point with respect of each other. When the points are apart, it may be necessary to set up the instruments serveral times. This type of levelling is also known as fly levelling.
🎓 #Profile_levelling: It is the method of direct-levelling the object of which is to determine the elevations of point at measured intervals along a given line in order to obtain a profile of the surface along that line.
🎓 #Cross-sectioning: cross-sectioning or cross-levelling is the process of taking levels one each side of a main line at right angles to that line, in order to determine a vertical cross-section of the surface of the ground, or of underlying strata, or of both.
🎓 #Reciprocal_levelling: It is the method of levelling in which the difference in elevation between two points is accurately determined by two sets of reciprocal observations when it is not possible to set up the level between the two points.
🎓 #Precise_levelling: It is the levelling in which the degree of precision required is too great to be attained by ordinary methods, and in which, therefore, special equipment or special precautions or both are necessary to eliminate, as far as possible, all sources of error
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#SPECIAL_METHODS_OF_SPIRIT_LEVELLING
🎓 #Differential_levelling: it is the method of direct levelling the object of which is solely to determine the difference in elevation of two point regardless of the horizontal positions of the point with respect of each other. When the points are apart, it may be necessary to set up the instruments serveral times. This type of levelling is also known as fly levelling.
🎓 #Profile_levelling: It is the method of direct-levelling the object of which is to determine the elevations of point at measured intervals along a given line in order to obtain a profile of the surface along that line.
🎓 #Cross-sectioning: cross-sectioning or cross-levelling is the process of taking levels one each side of a main line at right angles to that line, in order to determine a vertical cross-section of the surface of the ground, or of underlying strata, or of both.
🎓 #Reciprocal_levelling: It is the method of levelling in which the difference in elevation between two points is accurately determined by two sets of reciprocal observations when it is not possible to set up the level between the two points.
🎓 #Precise_levelling: It is the levelling in which the degree of precision required is too great to be attained by ordinary methods, and in which, therefore, special equipment or special precautions or both are necessary to eliminate, as far as possible, all sources of error
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Topic: #
🎓 #Colour_Light_Signals: These are high intensity beam colour light signals, particulary used on electrified rail ways, both during day and night time.
🎓 #Coning_of_Wheels: The wheels are coned at a slope of 1 in 20 to prevent from rubbing the inside face of the the rail head and to prevent lateral movement of the axle with its wheels. This is known as coning of wheels.
🎓 #Creep_of_Rails: Creep is the longitudinal movement of rails in a track. It occurs due to several reasons. The effect of creep tends to drag the track if ballast is insufficient to hold the rails.
🎓 #Crossing_Clearance: The clear distance between the wing rail and the crossing rail is known as crossing clearance. This clearance is theoretically same as clearance at the throat but in practice it is slightly greater than at the throat.
🎓 #Crossing_Number: The number of crossing is defined as the ratio of spread (¡.e, distance between the point and splice rails at the leg of crossing, generally 30 cm.) to the length of crossing are designated by this number
https://t.me/engineer03
Railway_Engineering 🎓 #Colour_Light_Signals: These are high intensity beam colour light signals, particulary used on electrified rail ways, both during day and night time.
🎓 #Coning_of_Wheels: The wheels are coned at a slope of 1 in 20 to prevent from rubbing the inside face of the the rail head and to prevent lateral movement of the axle with its wheels. This is known as coning of wheels.
🎓 #Creep_of_Rails: Creep is the longitudinal movement of rails in a track. It occurs due to several reasons. The effect of creep tends to drag the track if ballast is insufficient to hold the rails.
🎓 #Crossing_Clearance: The clear distance between the wing rail and the crossing rail is known as crossing clearance. This clearance is theoretically same as clearance at the throat but in practice it is slightly greater than at the throat.
🎓 #Crossing_Number: The number of crossing is defined as the ratio of spread (¡.e, distance between the point and splice rails at the leg of crossing, generally 30 cm.) to the length of crossing are designated by this number
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Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
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Building construction
Doors
🔸 A door may be defined as an openable barrier secured in a wall opening.
🔸 Technical Terms
1. Frame : It is an assembly of horizontal and vertical members, forming an enclosure, to which the shutters are fixed.
2. Shutters : These are the openable parts of a door or window. It is an assembly of styles, panels and rails.
3. Head : This is the top or uppermost horizontal part of a frame.
4. Sill : This is the lowermost or bottom horizontal part of a window frame. Sills are normally not provided in door frames.
5. Horn : These are the horizontal projections of the head and sill of a frame to facilitate the fixing of the frame on the wall opening. The length of horns is kept about 10 to 15 cm
6. Style : Style is the vertical outside member of the shutter of a door or window.
7. Top rail : This is the top most horizontal member of a shutter.
8. Lock rail : This is the middle horizontal member of a door shutter, to which locking arrangement is fixed.
9. Bottom rail : This is the lowermost horizontal member of a shutter.
10. Intermediate or cross-rails : These are additional horizontal rails, fixed between be top and bottom rails of a shutter. A rail fixed between the top rail and lock rail is called frieze rail.
11. Panel : This is the area of shutter enclosed between the adjacent rails.
12. Mullion : This is a vertical member of a frame, which is employed to sub-divide a Window or a door vertically.
13. Transom : This is a horizontal member of a frame, which is employed to sub divide a window opening horizontally.
14. Hold fasts : These are mild steel flats (section 30 mm x 6 mm), generally bent into Z-shape, to fix or hold the frame to the opening. The horizontal length of hold fast is kept about 20 cm, and is embedded in the masonry.
15. Jamb : This is the vertical wall face of an opening which supports the frame.
16. Reveal : It is the external jamb of a door or window opening at right angles to the wall face.
17. Rebate : It is depression or recess made inside the door frame, to receive the door shutter.
♦️ Size of doors
🔹 Common width height relation used in India
👉 Width :- 0.4 to 0.6 heights
👉 Height :- (width + 1.2 ) meter
🔸 Designation of door
👉 8DS20 means width (800mm), Height (2000mm), D (Door) & S (Single shutter)
👉 10DT21 means width (1000mm), Height (2100mm), D (Door) & T (Double shutter)
.
Doors
🔸 A door may be defined as an openable barrier secured in a wall opening.
🔸 Technical Terms
1. Frame : It is an assembly of horizontal and vertical members, forming an enclosure, to which the shutters are fixed.
2. Shutters : These are the openable parts of a door or window. It is an assembly of styles, panels and rails.
3. Head : This is the top or uppermost horizontal part of a frame.
4. Sill : This is the lowermost or bottom horizontal part of a window frame. Sills are normally not provided in door frames.
5. Horn : These are the horizontal projections of the head and sill of a frame to facilitate the fixing of the frame on the wall opening. The length of horns is kept about 10 to 15 cm
6. Style : Style is the vertical outside member of the shutter of a door or window.
7. Top rail : This is the top most horizontal member of a shutter.
8. Lock rail : This is the middle horizontal member of a door shutter, to which locking arrangement is fixed.
9. Bottom rail : This is the lowermost horizontal member of a shutter.
10. Intermediate or cross-rails : These are additional horizontal rails, fixed between be top and bottom rails of a shutter. A rail fixed between the top rail and lock rail is called frieze rail.
11. Panel : This is the area of shutter enclosed between the adjacent rails.
12. Mullion : This is a vertical member of a frame, which is employed to sub-divide a Window or a door vertically.
13. Transom : This is a horizontal member of a frame, which is employed to sub divide a window opening horizontally.
14. Hold fasts : These are mild steel flats (section 30 mm x 6 mm), generally bent into Z-shape, to fix or hold the frame to the opening. The horizontal length of hold fast is kept about 20 cm, and is embedded in the masonry.
15. Jamb : This is the vertical wall face of an opening which supports the frame.
16. Reveal : It is the external jamb of a door or window opening at right angles to the wall face.
17. Rebate : It is depression or recess made inside the door frame, to receive the door shutter.
♦️ Size of doors
🔹 Common width height relation used in India
👉 Width :- 0.4 to 0.6 heights
👉 Height :- (width + 1.2 ) meter
🔸 Designation of door
👉 8DS20 means width (800mm), Height (2000mm), D (Door) & S (Single shutter)
👉 10DT21 means width (1000mm), Height (2100mm), D (Door) & T (Double shutter)
.
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Civil Engineering
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Building construction
Formwork
🔸 Formwork is a temporary ancillary construction used as a mould for the structure, in which concrete is placed and in which it hardens and matures.
🔸 The cost of formwork may be up to 20℅ to 25℅ of the cost of structure
🔸 The operation removing the formwork is commonly known as stripping
♦️ Stripping time for different components
👉 Walls, columns and vertical sides of beam : 24 to 48hr
👉 Slab soffits (Props left under) : 3 days
👉 Beam soffits (props left under) : 7 days
👉 Removal of props to slab :
1. Spanning upto 4.5m : 7days
2. Spanning over 4.5m : 14days
👉 Removal of props to beam and arches :
1. Spanning upto 6m : 14days
2. Spanning over 6m : 21days
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*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
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Civil Engineering
Types of Admixtures Used In Concrete ...cont... 5- Pozzolanic Admixtures Pozzolanic admixtures are used to prepare dense concrete mix which is best suitable for water retaining structures like dams, reservoirs etc. They also reduce the heat of hydration…
Types of Admixtures Used in Concrete ... conti...
7- Gas forming Admixtures
Aluminium powder, activated carbon, hydrogen peroxide are generally used gas-forming chemical admixtures. When gas-forming admixtures are added, it reacts with hydroxide obtained by the hydration of cement and forms minute bubbles of hydrogen gas in the concrete. The range of formation of bubbles in concrete depends upon many factors such as the amount of admixture, the chemical composition of cement, temperature, fineness etc. The formed bubbles help the concrete to counteract the settlement and bleeding problems. Gas forming admixtures are also used to prepare lightweight concrete. For settlement and bleeding resistance purpose, a small quantity of gas-forming admixtures which are generally 0.5 to 2% by weight of cement is used. But for making lightweight concrete larger quantity generally, 100 grams per bag of cement is recommended.
8- Air detraining Admixtures
Air-detraining Admixtures are used to remove the excess air from the concrete voids. Sometimes, the aggregates may release the gas into concrete and air-entrained is more than required then this type of admixtures are useful. Some of the most used air-detraining admixtures are tributyl phosphate, silicones, water-insoluble alcohols etc.
9- Alkali Aggregate Expansion Preventing Admixtures
Alkali aggregate expansion in concrete is happened by the reaction of alkali of cement with the silica present in the aggregates. It forms a gel-like substance and causes volumetric expansion of concrete which may lead to cracking and disintegration. Use of pozzolanic admixtures will prevent the alkali-aggregate reaction and in some cases, air-entraining admixtures are also useful. Generally used admixtures to reduce the risk of alkali-aggregate reaction are aluminium powder and lithium salts.
10- Anti-washout Admixtures
Anti-washout admixtures are used in concrete especially for an underwater concrete structure. It protects the concrete mix from being washed out underwater pressure. It improves the cohesiveness of concrete. This type of admixtures is prepared from natural or synthetic rubbers, cellulose-based thickeners etc.
11- Grouting Admixtures
Grouting admixtures are added to grout materials to improve the grout properties according to the requirement of the grout. Sometimes, there is a need for quick set grout and sometimes there is a need for slow set grout to spread into deep cracks or fissures. Hence, different admixtures are used as grout admixtures based on the situation. Accelerators like calcium chloride, triethanolamine etc. are used as grout admixtures when the grout is to be set rapidly. Similarly retarders like mucic acid, gypsum etc. are used to slow down the setting time of grout. Gas forming admixtures like aluminium powder is added to grout material to counteract the settle of foundations.
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7- Gas forming Admixtures
Aluminium powder, activated carbon, hydrogen peroxide are generally used gas-forming chemical admixtures. When gas-forming admixtures are added, it reacts with hydroxide obtained by the hydration of cement and forms minute bubbles of hydrogen gas in the concrete. The range of formation of bubbles in concrete depends upon many factors such as the amount of admixture, the chemical composition of cement, temperature, fineness etc. The formed bubbles help the concrete to counteract the settlement and bleeding problems. Gas forming admixtures are also used to prepare lightweight concrete. For settlement and bleeding resistance purpose, a small quantity of gas-forming admixtures which are generally 0.5 to 2% by weight of cement is used. But for making lightweight concrete larger quantity generally, 100 grams per bag of cement is recommended.
8- Air detraining Admixtures
Air-detraining Admixtures are used to remove the excess air from the concrete voids. Sometimes, the aggregates may release the gas into concrete and air-entrained is more than required then this type of admixtures are useful. Some of the most used air-detraining admixtures are tributyl phosphate, silicones, water-insoluble alcohols etc.
9- Alkali Aggregate Expansion Preventing Admixtures
Alkali aggregate expansion in concrete is happened by the reaction of alkali of cement with the silica present in the aggregates. It forms a gel-like substance and causes volumetric expansion of concrete which may lead to cracking and disintegration. Use of pozzolanic admixtures will prevent the alkali-aggregate reaction and in some cases, air-entraining admixtures are also useful. Generally used admixtures to reduce the risk of alkali-aggregate reaction are aluminium powder and lithium salts.
10- Anti-washout Admixtures
Anti-washout admixtures are used in concrete especially for an underwater concrete structure. It protects the concrete mix from being washed out underwater pressure. It improves the cohesiveness of concrete. This type of admixtures is prepared from natural or synthetic rubbers, cellulose-based thickeners etc.
11- Grouting Admixtures
Grouting admixtures are added to grout materials to improve the grout properties according to the requirement of the grout. Sometimes, there is a need for quick set grout and sometimes there is a need for slow set grout to spread into deep cracks or fissures. Hence, different admixtures are used as grout admixtures based on the situation. Accelerators like calcium chloride, triethanolamine etc. are used as grout admixtures when the grout is to be set rapidly. Similarly retarders like mucic acid, gypsum etc. are used to slow down the setting time of grout. Gas forming admixtures like aluminium powder is added to grout material to counteract the settle of foundations.
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Civil Engineering
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Civil Engineering
Photo
ኮስተባ
የህዝብ ግንኙነትና ኮሙዩኒኬሽን
ግንቦት 2012
የኮንስትራክሽን ስራዎች ተቆጣጣሪ ባለስልጣን የኮቪድ 19 ወረርሽኝን ተከትሎ በተቋሙ የሚመጡ ተገልጋዮች ቁጥር በጣም ከፍተኛ በመሆኑና ለወረርሽኙ ተጋላጭ የሚያደርገው አንዱ ንክኪ በመሆኑ ይህንን ለመቀነስ ብሎም ለማስቀረት እንዲሁም አገልግሎቱን ዘመናዊና ባሉበት ተደራሽ ለማድረግ በርካታ ስራዎችን በማከናወን ጫፍ ደርሷል፡፡ ስለሆነም ከተቋሙ ተገልጋዮች በቁጥር አንድ የባለሙያ ምዝገባ አንዱ በመሆኑ ሙሉ በሙሉ አገልግሎቱን በኤሌክትሮኒክስ በመቀየር ከግንቦት 25 ቀን 2012 ጀምሮ አገልግሎት በአካል ለሚቀርቡ ተገልጋዮች አገልግሎት የማይሰጥ መሆኑና ተገልጋዮች ባሉበት በመሆን እራሳቸውን ከወረርሽኙ በመጠበቅ በእጅ ስልካቸው እንዲሁም በኮምፒውተር ተጠቃሚ እንዲሆኑ ያሳስባል፡፡ ይህ ማስታወቂያ የሚመለከተው ለኮንስትራክሽን ባለሙያ ፈቃድ ብቻ መሆኑን እየገለጽን አጠቃቀሙን ከስር በአማርኛ እና በእንግሊዘኛ የለጠፍን በመሆኑ በመከተል አገልግሎቱን እንድታገኙ እናሳስባለን፡፡
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የኤሌክትሮኒክ አገልግሎት
የኤሌክትሮኒክ አገልግሎት የተሰራው ዜጎች ኮምፒውተርና ኢንተርኔት ተጠቅመው የተለያዩ አገልግሎት ሰጪዎችን አገልግሎት በቀላሉ ለማግኘት እንዲረዳ ታስቦ ነው፡፡
የአገልግሎት ጥያቄ ለማቅረብ አንድ ዜጋ መጀመሪያ ባለው የተጠቃሚ ስም እና የይለፍ ቃል በማስገባት ወይም እንደ አዲስ ተጠቃሚ ተመዝግቦ የአገልግሎት ጥያቄ ማቅረብ ይቻላል፡፡ ተጠቃሚው ገብቶ የሚፈልገው የአገልግሎት ቅጽ ከመረጠ በኋላ አስፈላጊና መቅረት የሌለባቸው መረጃ በቀረበበት መጻፍያ ቦታ በመሙላት፣ አስፈላጊ ሰነዶችን በመጫን ጥያቄ ማቅረብ ይቻላል፡፡
ተጠቃሚው ጥያቄውን ካቀረበ በኋላ፤ የኤሌክትሮኒክ አገልግሎት መሳሪያው ለጥያቄው ልዩ የሆነ መለያ ቁጥር በመፍጠር ጥያቄው ለመከታተል እንዲያገለግል ለተጠቃሚው መልሶ ይልክለታል፡፡ ይህ መለያ ቁጥር የሚጠቅመው የአገልግሎት ጥያቄው ሁኔታ ለመከታተል፣ በአካል ለመገናኘት ቀጠሮ ለማስያዝ እና ተጨማሪ መረጃ ሰጪ ሰነዶችንና አገልግሎት ሰጪው የጥያቄው መፍትሄ በመጨረስ ሂደት ላይ እያለ ተጠይቀው የነበረ መረጃ ለመስጠት ያገለግላል፡፡
የኮንስትራክሽን ስራዎች ተቆጣጣሪ ባለስልጣንም በዋናነት ለምዝገባና ሰርተፊኬሽን ተገልጋዮች ይህን የኤሌክትሮኒክስ አገልግሎት ባሉበት ሆነው በመጠቀም አገልግሎቱን እንዲያገኙ ለማድረግ እየሰራ ይገኛል፡፡
እንዴት መመዝገብ እችላለሁ?
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• ከላይ በስተቀኝ ካሉት አማራጮች ይመዝገቡ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• ቅጹን ይሙሉ እና መዝግብ የሚለውን ይጫኑ
• በመቀጠል ከላይ በስተቀኝ ካሉት አማራጮች ግባ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• ኢሜልዎን እና የይለፍ ቃልዎን ያስገቡ
• ግባ የሚለውን ይጫኑ
ማህደሬን እንዴት መቀየር እችላለሁ?
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• የማህደር ስምዎን ወይም የኔ ማመልከቻ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• በግራ በኩል ከሚገኙት አማራጮች ማህደርዎን ያሻሽሉ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• ቅጹን ይሙሉ እና መዝግብ የሚለውን ይጫኑ
የይለፍ ቃሌን እንዴት መቀየር እችላለሁ ?
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• የማህደር ስምዎን ወይም የኔ ማመልከቻ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• በግራ በኩል ከሚገኙት አማራጮች የይለፍ ቃሎን ይቀይሩ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• ቅጹን ይሙሉ እና አስገባ የሚለውን ይጫኑ
ማመልከቻ እንዴት ማስገባት እችላለሁ ?
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• ከላይ በስተቀኝ ካሉት አማራጮች ግባ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• መነሻ ገጹ ላይ ከሚገኙት የአገልግሎት ዝርዝር የሚፈልጉበትን ይምረጡ
• የተመረጡትን አገልግሎት ከሚሰጡት አገልግሎት ሰጪዎች አንዱን ይምረጡ
• የማመልከቻ ቅጽ ትዕዛዙን አንብበው አስማማለሁ የሚለውን ይምረጡና ቀጥል የሚለውን ይጫኑ
• ቅጹን ይሙሉ እና አስገባ የሚለውን ይጫኑ
• ያስታውሱ! የመከታተያ ቁጥርዎን መያዝዎን እንዳይረሱ
ማመልከቻዬ የደረሰበትን ሁኔታ እንዴት መከታተል እችላለሁ ?
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• ከላይ በስተቀኝ ካሉት አማራጮች ግባ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• የማህደር ስምዎን ወይም የኔ ማመልከቻ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• በግራ በኩል ከሚገኙት አማራጮች ማመልከቻዬ መከታተል የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• ማመልከቻዎን ሲያስገቡ የተሰጥዎትን የመከታተያ ቁጥርዎትን በማስገባት ወይም ያመለከቱበትን አገልግሎት ከመረጡ በኋላ ፈልግ የሚለውን ይጫኑ፡፡
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e-serevice
www.eservices.gov.et
What is e-service?
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• Click on register button from top right menu
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የህዝብ ግንኙነትና ኮሙዩኒኬሽን
ግንቦት 2012
የኮንስትራክሽን ስራዎች ተቆጣጣሪ ባለስልጣን የኮቪድ 19 ወረርሽኝን ተከትሎ በተቋሙ የሚመጡ ተገልጋዮች ቁጥር በጣም ከፍተኛ በመሆኑና ለወረርሽኙ ተጋላጭ የሚያደርገው አንዱ ንክኪ በመሆኑ ይህንን ለመቀነስ ብሎም ለማስቀረት እንዲሁም አገልግሎቱን ዘመናዊና ባሉበት ተደራሽ ለማድረግ በርካታ ስራዎችን በማከናወን ጫፍ ደርሷል፡፡ ስለሆነም ከተቋሙ ተገልጋዮች በቁጥር አንድ የባለሙያ ምዝገባ አንዱ በመሆኑ ሙሉ በሙሉ አገልግሎቱን በኤሌክትሮኒክስ በመቀየር ከግንቦት 25 ቀን 2012 ጀምሮ አገልግሎት በአካል ለሚቀርቡ ተገልጋዮች አገልግሎት የማይሰጥ መሆኑና ተገልጋዮች ባሉበት በመሆን እራሳቸውን ከወረርሽኙ በመጠበቅ በእጅ ስልካቸው እንዲሁም በኮምፒውተር ተጠቃሚ እንዲሆኑ ያሳስባል፡፡ ይህ ማስታወቂያ የሚመለከተው ለኮንስትራክሽን ባለሙያ ፈቃድ ብቻ መሆኑን እየገለጽን አጠቃቀሙን ከስር በአማርኛ እና በእንግሊዘኛ የለጠፍን በመሆኑ በመከተል አገልግሎቱን እንድታገኙ እናሳስባለን፡፡
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የኤሌክትሮኒክ አገልግሎት
የኤሌክትሮኒክ አገልግሎት የተሰራው ዜጎች ኮምፒውተርና ኢንተርኔት ተጠቅመው የተለያዩ አገልግሎት ሰጪዎችን አገልግሎት በቀላሉ ለማግኘት እንዲረዳ ታስቦ ነው፡፡
የአገልግሎት ጥያቄ ለማቅረብ አንድ ዜጋ መጀመሪያ ባለው የተጠቃሚ ስም እና የይለፍ ቃል በማስገባት ወይም እንደ አዲስ ተጠቃሚ ተመዝግቦ የአገልግሎት ጥያቄ ማቅረብ ይቻላል፡፡ ተጠቃሚው ገብቶ የሚፈልገው የአገልግሎት ቅጽ ከመረጠ በኋላ አስፈላጊና መቅረት የሌለባቸው መረጃ በቀረበበት መጻፍያ ቦታ በመሙላት፣ አስፈላጊ ሰነዶችን በመጫን ጥያቄ ማቅረብ ይቻላል፡፡
ተጠቃሚው ጥያቄውን ካቀረበ በኋላ፤ የኤሌክትሮኒክ አገልግሎት መሳሪያው ለጥያቄው ልዩ የሆነ መለያ ቁጥር በመፍጠር ጥያቄው ለመከታተል እንዲያገለግል ለተጠቃሚው መልሶ ይልክለታል፡፡ ይህ መለያ ቁጥር የሚጠቅመው የአገልግሎት ጥያቄው ሁኔታ ለመከታተል፣ በአካል ለመገናኘት ቀጠሮ ለማስያዝ እና ተጨማሪ መረጃ ሰጪ ሰነዶችንና አገልግሎት ሰጪው የጥያቄው መፍትሄ በመጨረስ ሂደት ላይ እያለ ተጠይቀው የነበረ መረጃ ለመስጠት ያገለግላል፡፡
የኮንስትራክሽን ስራዎች ተቆጣጣሪ ባለስልጣንም በዋናነት ለምዝገባና ሰርተፊኬሽን ተገልጋዮች ይህን የኤሌክትሮኒክስ አገልግሎት ባሉበት ሆነው በመጠቀም አገልግሎቱን እንዲያገኙ ለማድረግ እየሰራ ይገኛል፡፡
እንዴት መመዝገብ እችላለሁ?
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• ከላይ በስተቀኝ ካሉት አማራጮች ይመዝገቡ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• ቅጹን ይሙሉ እና መዝግብ የሚለውን ይጫኑ
• በመቀጠል ከላይ በስተቀኝ ካሉት አማራጮች ግባ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• ኢሜልዎን እና የይለፍ ቃልዎን ያስገቡ
• ግባ የሚለውን ይጫኑ
ማህደሬን እንዴት መቀየር እችላለሁ?
-----------------------------------------------
• የማህደር ስምዎን ወይም የኔ ማመልከቻ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• በግራ በኩል ከሚገኙት አማራጮች ማህደርዎን ያሻሽሉ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• ቅጹን ይሙሉ እና መዝግብ የሚለውን ይጫኑ
የይለፍ ቃሌን እንዴት መቀየር እችላለሁ ?
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• የማህደር ስምዎን ወይም የኔ ማመልከቻ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• በግራ በኩል ከሚገኙት አማራጮች የይለፍ ቃሎን ይቀይሩ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• ቅጹን ይሙሉ እና አስገባ የሚለውን ይጫኑ
ማመልከቻ እንዴት ማስገባት እችላለሁ ?
-------------------------------------------------
• ከላይ በስተቀኝ ካሉት አማራጮች ግባ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• መነሻ ገጹ ላይ ከሚገኙት የአገልግሎት ዝርዝር የሚፈልጉበትን ይምረጡ
• የተመረጡትን አገልግሎት ከሚሰጡት አገልግሎት ሰጪዎች አንዱን ይምረጡ
• የማመልከቻ ቅጽ ትዕዛዙን አንብበው አስማማለሁ የሚለውን ይምረጡና ቀጥል የሚለውን ይጫኑ
• ቅጹን ይሙሉ እና አስገባ የሚለውን ይጫኑ
• ያስታውሱ! የመከታተያ ቁጥርዎን መያዝዎን እንዳይረሱ
ማመልከቻዬ የደረሰበትን ሁኔታ እንዴት መከታተል እችላለሁ ?
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• ከላይ በስተቀኝ ካሉት አማራጮች ግባ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• የማህደር ስምዎን ወይም የኔ ማመልከቻ የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• በግራ በኩል ከሚገኙት አማራጮች ማመልከቻዬ መከታተል የሚለውን አማራጭ ይጫኑ
• ማመልከቻዎን ሲያስገቡ የተሰጥዎትን የመከታተያ ቁጥርዎትን በማስገባት ወይም ያመለከቱበትን አገልግሎት ከመረጡ በኋላ ፈልግ የሚለውን ይጫኑ፡፡
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How tall buildings resist the wind
👉Setbacks
Besides the forementioned corner softening and tapering buildings to resist the wind, alternating a building’s profile as it rises and including setbacks can also reduce the strength of vortices as they move around buildings. Some of New York City's early skyscrapers achieved this in response to the setback ordinances of 1916 - which was a measure adopted primarily to stop massive buildings from preventing light and air from reaching the streets below, and established limits in building massing at certain heights, usually interpreted as a series of setbacks. The most notable example of setbacks today is the 828 metre Burj Khalifa in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This remarkable structure uses a range of techniques to resist the wind and achieve its height - including an extreme taper, multiple setbacks and high degree of corner softening, in which their effect can be demonstrated in a simulation developed using software such as SimScale.
👉Setbacks
Besides the forementioned corner softening and tapering buildings to resist the wind, alternating a building’s profile as it rises and including setbacks can also reduce the strength of vortices as they move around buildings. Some of New York City's early skyscrapers achieved this in response to the setback ordinances of 1916 - which was a measure adopted primarily to stop massive buildings from preventing light and air from reaching the streets below, and established limits in building massing at certain heights, usually interpreted as a series of setbacks. The most notable example of setbacks today is the 828 metre Burj Khalifa in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This remarkable structure uses a range of techniques to resist the wind and achieve its height - including an extreme taper, multiple setbacks and high degree of corner softening, in which their effect can be demonstrated in a simulation developed using software such as SimScale.
#Longest_Highways_In_The_World
Highway 1 in Australia is a network of highways that run around the country joining all the state capitals in the mainland Australia. The Highway 1 covers a distance of 9,000 miles and is one of the longest highways in the world. Each day more than one million people travel on the part of the road. Highway 1 was constructed in 1955 after a compilation of the already existing local tracks and roads. It is the only route to connect all the Australian territories and states except of the Australian Capital Territory. Most of the country’s highways are tributaries of Highway 1.
https://t.me/engineer03
Highway 1 in Australia is a network of highways that run around the country joining all the state capitals in the mainland Australia. The Highway 1 covers a distance of 9,000 miles and is one of the longest highways in the world. Each day more than one million people travel on the part of the road. Highway 1 was constructed in 1955 after a compilation of the already existing local tracks and roads. It is the only route to connect all the Australian territories and states except of the Australian Capital Territory. Most of the country’s highways are tributaries of Highway 1.
https://t.me/engineer03
👍1
#Longest_Highways_In_The_World
Trans-Canada Highway - Canada
Trans-Canada highway is transcontinental systems of roads maintained by both the federal and provincial governments and stretches from the west coast of Pacific Ocean and passes through all the ten provinces of Canada to the east coast at the Atlantic Ocean. The highway covers a distance of 4,999 miles long. The highway was approved by the Trans-Canada highway act of 1949 and the construction begun in 1950. It was officially inaugurated in 1962 and its completion was in 1971. At its completion it was the world’s longest uninterrupted highway and it was distinct with the white on green maple leaf markings along its stretch. In 2012, a number of public vehicle charging stations were installed along the highway by the Sun Country Highway company to allow owners of electric vehicles to travel across the entire highway.
Trans-Canada Highway - Canada
Trans-Canada highway is transcontinental systems of roads maintained by both the federal and provincial governments and stretches from the west coast of Pacific Ocean and passes through all the ten provinces of Canada to the east coast at the Atlantic Ocean. The highway covers a distance of 4,999 miles long. The highway was approved by the Trans-Canada highway act of 1949 and the construction begun in 1950. It was officially inaugurated in 1962 and its completion was in 1971. At its completion it was the world’s longest uninterrupted highway and it was distinct with the white on green maple leaf markings along its stretch. In 2012, a number of public vehicle charging stations were installed along the highway by the Sun Country Highway company to allow owners of electric vehicles to travel across the entire highway.
Forwarded from አሥራት ሚዲያ Asrat Media ®🇪🇹
#በድጋሚየቀረበ
#ጥቂት_ቀናት_ታሪክህን_ሊቀይሩ_ይችላሉ!
=============================
#በኮሮና ቫይረስ ከተያዝክ በሕይወትህ አይተህ የማታውቀውን አይነት
ትኩሳት /ንዳድ/ ይሰማሀል፡፡ ሁሌ የሚሰማህ አይነት ጉንፋን ወይም ራስ ምታት
አይምሰልህ፡፡
#ስፖንጅ አፍንጫህ ላይ የተቀረቀረ ይመስል ለመተንፈስ ትቃትታለህ፡፡ ሳንባህን
በአየር ለመሙላት በሀይለኛው ትንፋሽህን ስትስብ አየር ያጥርሀል! ያኔ
ትፈራለህ! በሀይል ከማሳልህ የተነሳ በድካም አእምሮህን #ልትስት ትደርሳለህ!
ባሳልክ ቁጥር ደረትህ፣ እጆችህ፣ ጀርባህ፣ የእጅና እግር ጣቶችህ .... #ነፍስህ
እዚያ ጋር ያለ ይመስል በጣም ያሙሃል፡፡
በአፍንጫህ አየር ለማስገባት ስለማትችል ኦክስጂን ይሰጡሀል፡፡ ያ ደግሞ
የአፍንጫህ ቱቦዎች እሳት የተለቀቀባቸው ያክል ስቃይ ይለቅብሀል! አሁንም
መተንፈስ ካልቻልክ ሌላ ሀኪም ይመጣና ግማሽ ኢንች የሚሆኑ ሁለት #ቱቦዎች
በጉሮሮህ በኩል ወደሳንባዎችህ ይሰዳል! ይህን artificial respirator ብለው
የሚጠሩት ህክምና ለመተንፈስ የሚረዳህ ነው፡፡
ይህ ሁኔታ በጣም ከማስጠላቱና ከመክበዱ በላይ #መብላትና መጠጣት
አትችልም፡፡
በዚህ ሁኔታ ውስጥ ብቻህን መሆን ስላለብህ #እናትህን፣ #አባትህን
፣ #ልጆችህን ፣ #ሚስትህን ፣ #ወንድምና #እህትህን ወይም ጓደኛችህን ማየት
አይፈቀድልህም፡፡
ምክንያቱም ሊገልህ ባለው በሽታ እንዳትበክላቸው ነው! በዚህ ስቃይ ውስጥ
ብቻህን ከመሆንህ የተነሳ #ትፈራለህ ፣ ታለቅሳለህ ፣ ሊገልህም እንደሚችል
ይገባሀል ! ! ! በነገርህ ላይ ልትሞትም ትችላለህ! የምትወዳቸውን እያሰብክ
ካለጠያቂ ነፍስ ለማዳን በሚዋከቡ ሀኪሞች ተከበህ ታለቅሳለህ፤ ከትንፋሽህ
ጋር ግብ ግብ እየገጠምክ፡፡
ያኔ ነው ከቻልክ እቤትህ ተቀመጥ፣ ያለምክንያት ከቤት አትውጣ፣ እጅህን
በተደጋጋሚ ታጠብ፣ ሳኒታይዘርና አልኮሆል ተጠቀም፣ ርቀትህን ጠብቅ እና
ማስክ አድርግ የተባልከው ትዝ የሚልህ! እኔ የወንድሜ ጠባቂ ነኝ፣ እኔ የእህቴ
ጠባቂ ነኝ፡፡
እኔ ለወላጆቼ እጠነቀቃለሁ ብለህ ካሁኑ ንቃ! ጥቂት ቀናት ታሪክህን ሊቀይሩ
ይችላል!
ከቻልክ በጣም ለምትወዳቸው 3ሰወች ይሄንን ሸር በማድረግ ራሳቸውን እንዲጠብቁ እንዳይዘናጉ አስታውሳቸው
ዶክተር ሊያ ታደሰ
ግንቦት 26 ቀን 2012 ዓ.ም
@Asrat_News
@Asrat_News
#ጥቂት_ቀናት_ታሪክህን_ሊቀይሩ_ይችላሉ!
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#በኮሮና ቫይረስ ከተያዝክ በሕይወትህ አይተህ የማታውቀውን አይነት
ትኩሳት /ንዳድ/ ይሰማሀል፡፡ ሁሌ የሚሰማህ አይነት ጉንፋን ወይም ራስ ምታት
አይምሰልህ፡፡
#ስፖንጅ አፍንጫህ ላይ የተቀረቀረ ይመስል ለመተንፈስ ትቃትታለህ፡፡ ሳንባህን
በአየር ለመሙላት በሀይለኛው ትንፋሽህን ስትስብ አየር ያጥርሀል! ያኔ
ትፈራለህ! በሀይል ከማሳልህ የተነሳ በድካም አእምሮህን #ልትስት ትደርሳለህ!
ባሳልክ ቁጥር ደረትህ፣ እጆችህ፣ ጀርባህ፣ የእጅና እግር ጣቶችህ .... #ነፍስህ
እዚያ ጋር ያለ ይመስል በጣም ያሙሃል፡፡
በአፍንጫህ አየር ለማስገባት ስለማትችል ኦክስጂን ይሰጡሀል፡፡ ያ ደግሞ
የአፍንጫህ ቱቦዎች እሳት የተለቀቀባቸው ያክል ስቃይ ይለቅብሀል! አሁንም
መተንፈስ ካልቻልክ ሌላ ሀኪም ይመጣና ግማሽ ኢንች የሚሆኑ ሁለት #ቱቦዎች
በጉሮሮህ በኩል ወደሳንባዎችህ ይሰዳል! ይህን artificial respirator ብለው
የሚጠሩት ህክምና ለመተንፈስ የሚረዳህ ነው፡፡
ይህ ሁኔታ በጣም ከማስጠላቱና ከመክበዱ በላይ #መብላትና መጠጣት
አትችልም፡፡
በዚህ ሁኔታ ውስጥ ብቻህን መሆን ስላለብህ #እናትህን፣ #አባትህን
፣ #ልጆችህን ፣ #ሚስትህን ፣ #ወንድምና #እህትህን ወይም ጓደኛችህን ማየት
አይፈቀድልህም፡፡
ምክንያቱም ሊገልህ ባለው በሽታ እንዳትበክላቸው ነው! በዚህ ስቃይ ውስጥ
ብቻህን ከመሆንህ የተነሳ #ትፈራለህ ፣ ታለቅሳለህ ፣ ሊገልህም እንደሚችል
ይገባሀል ! ! ! በነገርህ ላይ ልትሞትም ትችላለህ! የምትወዳቸውን እያሰብክ
ካለጠያቂ ነፍስ ለማዳን በሚዋከቡ ሀኪሞች ተከበህ ታለቅሳለህ፤ ከትንፋሽህ
ጋር ግብ ግብ እየገጠምክ፡፡
ያኔ ነው ከቻልክ እቤትህ ተቀመጥ፣ ያለምክንያት ከቤት አትውጣ፣ እጅህን
በተደጋጋሚ ታጠብ፣ ሳኒታይዘርና አልኮሆል ተጠቀም፣ ርቀትህን ጠብቅ እና
ማስክ አድርግ የተባልከው ትዝ የሚልህ! እኔ የወንድሜ ጠባቂ ነኝ፣ እኔ የእህቴ
ጠባቂ ነኝ፡፡
እኔ ለወላጆቼ እጠነቀቃለሁ ብለህ ካሁኑ ንቃ! ጥቂት ቀናት ታሪክህን ሊቀይሩ
ይችላል!
ከቻልክ በጣም ለምትወዳቸው 3ሰወች ይሄንን ሸር በማድረግ ራሳቸውን እንዲጠብቁ እንዳይዘናጉ አስታውሳቸው
ዶክተር ሊያ ታደሰ
ግንቦት 26 ቀን 2012 ዓ.ም
@Asrat_News
@Asrat_News
Forwarded from ቪላ ፤ አፓርትመንት እና ሱቆች
GAMACON GENERAL CONTRUCTOR
+251900100765 /+251 91 284 6650
ጠቅላላ-የሲቪል-ኢንጂነሪንግ-ኮንስትራክሽን-ስራ-እና-የማማከር-አገልግሎት-
ቤትዎን በባለሙያዎች በትንሽ ገንዘብ ያሰሩ!!!!ያሳምሩ!!!! GAMACON GC
consultant We provide the following services
✔Architectural Design
✔Building Construction consultancy
✔Structural design
✔structural details and drawings
✔cost estimation
✔Interior design and decoration
✔Home painting and finishing
✔Civil Engineering software training
✔Setting out (ቅየሳ) የsurvey ባለሙያ
✔form work ባለሙያ ( አናፂ )
✔rebar (የብረት ስራ ባለሙያ )
✔mixer,vibrator ,generator በራሳቸው አቅርበው concrete የሚሞሉ ባለሙያ እናገናኛለን
✔Electric ባለሙያ እናገናኛለን
✔የሳኒተሪ ባለሙያ እናገናኛለን
✔Block work , masnory work
✔Waterproof ባለሙያ
✔plastering(የልስን) ባለሙያ
✔የቻክ ባለሙያ
✔የአልሙኒየም ባለሙያ
✔የሴራሚክ ባለሙያ
✔የ screed ባለሙያ
✔የብረታ ብረት በያጅ ባለሙያ
✔የቀለም ስራዎች ባለሙያ
✔የበር እና መስታወት ስራ ባለሙያ
❖ረጅም አመት የሰሩ እና በሙያቸው የተመሰገኑ ምርጥ ባለሙያዎችን እናቀርባለን አናግሩን
+251900100765 /+251 91 284 6650
+251900100765 /+251 91 284 6650
ጠቅላላ-የሲቪል-ኢንጂነሪንግ-ኮንስትራክሽን-ስራ-እና-የማማከር-አገልግሎት-
ቤትዎን በባለሙያዎች በትንሽ ገንዘብ ያሰሩ!!!!ያሳምሩ!!!! GAMACON GC
consultant We provide the following services
✔Architectural Design
✔Building Construction consultancy
✔Structural design
✔structural details and drawings
✔cost estimation
✔Interior design and decoration
✔Home painting and finishing
✔Civil Engineering software training
✔Setting out (ቅየሳ) የsurvey ባለሙያ
✔form work ባለሙያ ( አናፂ )
✔rebar (የብረት ስራ ባለሙያ )
✔mixer,vibrator ,generator በራሳቸው አቅርበው concrete የሚሞሉ ባለሙያ እናገናኛለን
✔Electric ባለሙያ እናገናኛለን
✔የሳኒተሪ ባለሙያ እናገናኛለን
✔Block work , masnory work
✔Waterproof ባለሙያ
✔plastering(የልስን) ባለሙያ
✔የቻክ ባለሙያ
✔የአልሙኒየም ባለሙያ
✔የሴራሚክ ባለሙያ
✔የ screed ባለሙያ
✔የብረታ ብረት በያጅ ባለሙያ
✔የቀለም ስራዎች ባለሙያ
✔የበር እና መስታወት ስራ ባለሙያ
❖ረጅም አመት የሰሩ እና በሙያቸው የተመሰገኑ ምርጥ ባለሙያዎችን እናቀርባለን አናግሩን
+251900100765 /+251 91 284 6650
#Longest_Highways_In_The_World
BR-153 - Brazil
The BR-153 is Brazil’s major federal highway and is formally called the Transbrasiliana Highway. The highway crosses Brazil north to south where it starts in São Domingos do Araguaia, Pará, and ends at Rio Grande do Sul.
BR-153 - Brazil
The BR-153 is Brazil’s major federal highway and is formally called the Transbrasiliana Highway. The highway crosses Brazil north to south where it starts in São Domingos do Araguaia, Pará, and ends at Rio Grande do Sul.
Stairs♦️ Requirement of Good stair
🔸 Width of stair
👉 In domestic building a 90cm wide stair is sufficient.
👉 In public building 1.5m to 1.8m width may be required.
🔸 Length of flight
👉 The number of steps are not more than 12 and not less than 3
🔸 Pitch of stair
👉 Pitch should be limited to 30° to 45°
🔸 Head room
👉 It should not be less than 2.1 to 2.3m
🔸 Step dimensions
👉 Going :- The going should not be less than 25cm. 30cm going is quite comfortable
👉 Rise :- Rise should be between 10cm to 15cm
👉 Width of landing should not be less than the width of stair.
Building construction
♦️
Dimensions of stairsThe following thumb rules are followed ( all dimensions are in cm )
1. (2 × Rise) + Going = 60
2. Rise + Going = 40 to 60
3. Rise × Going = 400 to 450
4. Adopt Rise = 14cm and Going = 30cm as standard
🗣 🏗 ᏚᎻᎪᎡᎬ & JᏫᏆN ᏌᏚ 🚧
https://t.me/engineer03
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
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@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
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