Concrete Cover Distance for Reinforcement Bar
⚡️The reinforcement must be fixed with appropriate accuracy in the position specified by the designer to ensure proper structural performance, durability and fire resistance.
⚡️Insufficient cover can result in corrosion of the reinforcement, leading to cracking and spalling of the concrete and eventually, if left unchecked, to a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the reinforcement and in the strength of the structure. The cover must also be sufficient to provide the required degree of fire resistance. Too little cover reduces the fire resistance; too much, unless precautionary measures are taken, can make the structure vulnerable to spalling, which again reduces the fi re resistance. Incorrect positioning of the reinforcement can seriously reduce the load-carrying capacity of the structural member
🔹Unless otherwise specified, the concrete cover to the reinforcement should be within the following permissible deviations from the dimensions specified in BS 8110:
:
✍️Bars up to 12 mm diameter: +5mm –5mm
✍️Bars over 12 mm up to 25 mm: +10 mm –5mm
✍️Bars over 25 mm: +15 mm –5mm
:
🟢At each end of reinforcing bar, net less that 25 mm or less than twice the diameter of the bar.
✳️For a longitudinal reinforcing bar in a column, not less than 40 mm not less than the diameter of such bar.
✳️In case of columns of minimum dimension of 20 cm or under, whose reinforcing bards do no not exceed 12 mm a cover of 25 mm to be used.
✳️For longitudinal reinforcing bars in a beam, not less than 30 mm or less than the diameter of the bar.
✳️For tensile, compressive shear or other reinforcements in a slab or wall not less than 15 mm, not less that the diameter of such bar.
✳️For any other reinforcement not less than 15 mm, not less than the diameter of such bar.
✳️For footings and other principal structural members in which the concrete is deposited directly against the ground, cover to the bottom reinforcement shall be 75 mm. If concrete is poured on a layer of lean concrete, the bottom cover maybe reduced to 50 mm.
✳️For concrete surfaces exposed to the weather or the ground after removal of forms, such as retaining walls, grade beams, footing sides and top etc. not less than 50 mm.
✳️Increased cover thickness shall be provided as indicated on the drawings, for surfaces exposed to the action of harmful chemicals (or exposed to earth contaminated by such chemicals), acid, alkali, saline atmosphere, sulphorone, smoke etc.
✳️For liquid retaining structures, the minimum cover to all steel shall be 40 mm or the diameter of the main bar, whichever is greater. In the presence of sea water and oils and waters of a corrosive character the covers, shall be increased by 10 mm.
Protection to reinforcement in case of concrete exposed to harmful surroundings may also be given by providing a dense impermeable concrete with approved protective coatings. In such a case the extra cover mentioned in (b) & (i) above may be reduced.
:
▶️The correct cover shall be maintained by cement mortar cubes (blocks) or other approved means. Reinforcements for footings, grade beams and slabs on a sub-grade shall be supported on re-cast concrete blocks as approved by EIC.
⚡️The use of pebbles or stones shall not be permitted.
https://t.me/engineer03
⚡️The reinforcement must be fixed with appropriate accuracy in the position specified by the designer to ensure proper structural performance, durability and fire resistance.
⚡️Insufficient cover can result in corrosion of the reinforcement, leading to cracking and spalling of the concrete and eventually, if left unchecked, to a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the reinforcement and in the strength of the structure. The cover must also be sufficient to provide the required degree of fire resistance. Too little cover reduces the fire resistance; too much, unless precautionary measures are taken, can make the structure vulnerable to spalling, which again reduces the fi re resistance. Incorrect positioning of the reinforcement can seriously reduce the load-carrying capacity of the structural member
🔹Unless otherwise specified, the concrete cover to the reinforcement should be within the following permissible deviations from the dimensions specified in BS 8110:
:
✍️Bars up to 12 mm diameter: +5mm –5mm
✍️Bars over 12 mm up to 25 mm: +10 mm –5mm
✍️Bars over 25 mm: +15 mm –5mm
:
🟢At each end of reinforcing bar, net less that 25 mm or less than twice the diameter of the bar.
✳️For a longitudinal reinforcing bar in a column, not less than 40 mm not less than the diameter of such bar.
✳️In case of columns of minimum dimension of 20 cm or under, whose reinforcing bards do no not exceed 12 mm a cover of 25 mm to be used.
✳️For longitudinal reinforcing bars in a beam, not less than 30 mm or less than the diameter of the bar.
✳️For tensile, compressive shear or other reinforcements in a slab or wall not less than 15 mm, not less that the diameter of such bar.
✳️For any other reinforcement not less than 15 mm, not less than the diameter of such bar.
✳️For footings and other principal structural members in which the concrete is deposited directly against the ground, cover to the bottom reinforcement shall be 75 mm. If concrete is poured on a layer of lean concrete, the bottom cover maybe reduced to 50 mm.
✳️For concrete surfaces exposed to the weather or the ground after removal of forms, such as retaining walls, grade beams, footing sides and top etc. not less than 50 mm.
✳️Increased cover thickness shall be provided as indicated on the drawings, for surfaces exposed to the action of harmful chemicals (or exposed to earth contaminated by such chemicals), acid, alkali, saline atmosphere, sulphorone, smoke etc.
✳️For liquid retaining structures, the minimum cover to all steel shall be 40 mm or the diameter of the main bar, whichever is greater. In the presence of sea water and oils and waters of a corrosive character the covers, shall be increased by 10 mm.
Protection to reinforcement in case of concrete exposed to harmful surroundings may also be given by providing a dense impermeable concrete with approved protective coatings. In such a case the extra cover mentioned in (b) & (i) above may be reduced.
:
▶️The correct cover shall be maintained by cement mortar cubes (blocks) or other approved means. Reinforcements for footings, grade beams and slabs on a sub-grade shall be supported on re-cast concrete blocks as approved by EIC.
⚡️The use of pebbles or stones shall not be permitted.
https://t.me/engineer03
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
. #Aeration:
🟢The process of adding air to water. Air can be added to water by either passing air through water or passing water through air. In wastewater treatment, air is added to freshen wastewater and to keep solids in suspension. With mixtures of wastewater and activated sludge, adding air provides mixing and oxygen for the microorganisms treating the wastewater.
#importantTerms
@engineer03
🟢The process of adding air to water. Air can be added to water by either passing air through water or passing water through air. In wastewater treatment, air is added to freshen wastewater and to keep solids in suspension. With mixtures of wastewater and activated sludge, adding air provides mixing and oxygen for the microorganisms treating the wastewater.
#importantTerms
@engineer03
How tall buildings resist the wind
Wind is one of the most important factors that architects and engineers have to consider when designing tall buildings. As buildings become taller, they become exposed to the high impact of wind loads that can cause structures to move back and forth. Even though flexible structures are designed to absorb the impact that these wind loads have, the degree to which the structure is able to move can have a significant impact on the comfort of those inside the building. Thus, innovative approaches have been developed to manage wind loads and reduce their impact on tall buildings and enabling them to rise even higher. Here are few of them:
👉 Corner softening
Corner softening is the smoothing of sharp edges of a structure to make it more aerodynamic, or small cutouts created on the edges of an structure to “scramble” prevailing winds and reduce the strength of the vortices they create. A prominent example is the ornamental design of Taiwan’s Taipei 101(shown above ), where relatively minor cutouts on the building’s corners reduced movement by as much as 25%.
https://t.me/engineer03
Wind is one of the most important factors that architects and engineers have to consider when designing tall buildings. As buildings become taller, they become exposed to the high impact of wind loads that can cause structures to move back and forth. Even though flexible structures are designed to absorb the impact that these wind loads have, the degree to which the structure is able to move can have a significant impact on the comfort of those inside the building. Thus, innovative approaches have been developed to manage wind loads and reduce their impact on tall buildings and enabling them to rise even higher. Here are few of them:
👉 Corner softening
Corner softening is the smoothing of sharp edges of a structure to make it more aerodynamic, or small cutouts created on the edges of an structure to “scramble” prevailing winds and reduce the strength of the vortices they create. A prominent example is the ornamental design of Taiwan’s Taipei 101(shown above ), where relatively minor cutouts on the building’s corners reduced movement by as much as 25%.
https://t.me/engineer03
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
▶️Definitions of terms Of Masonry👇
.1. Course : A course is a horizontal layer of bricks stones
2. Bed : the surface of a stone perpendicular to the line of pressure of (lower surface of bricks or stones in each course)
3. Back : The inner surface of wall not exposed is called back.
The material forming back is known as backing
4. Face : The exterior of the wall exposed to weather is known
as face. The material used in the facing of wall is known as
facing
5. Hearting : It is the interior portion of a wall between facing
and backing
6. Head : It is a brick or stone, which lies with its greatest length at right angles to the face of the work.
7. Stretcher : It is a brick or a stone which lies with its congest
side parallel to the face of the work
8. Bond : The method of arranging bricks so that the individual units are tied together
9. Spalls : The chips of stones used for filling the interstices in
stone masonry
10. Quoins : The stones used for the corners of walls of structure
11. Bat : It is a portion of a brick cut across the width.
12. Closer: It is the portion of a brickcut in such a manner that its one long face remains uncut
13. Queen closer: it is the portion of a brick obtained by cutting a brick length-wise into two portions
14. King closer: It is the portion of brick obtained by cutting off
the triangular piece between the centre of one end and the
centre of one side.
15. Bevelled closer: It is the portion of a brick in which the
whole length of the brick is bevelled for maintaining half
width at one end and full width at the other
16. Frog : It is an indentation or depression on the top face of a
brick made with the object of forming a key for the mortar.
17. Sill : It is a horizontal stone, concrete or wood, employed for
the purpose of shedding off rain water from the face of wall
immediately below the window opening
18. Corbel : It is the extension of one or more course of stone or
brick from the face of a wall to serve as a support for wall
plates
19. Templates : Pieces of stones placed under the end of a beam
to distribute load over a greater area.
20. Coping : It is the course placed upon the exposed top of an external wall to prevent the seepage of water
21. Buttress : It is a sloping or stepped masonry projection from a tall wall intended to strengthen the wall against the thrust of a roof
.
#BuildingConstruction
#Masonary
https://t.me/engineer03
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
Stone masonry ( con’td from the above)👉 The construction of stones bonded together with mortar is termed as stone masonry
🔸 Different types of stones
used for different purposes
1. Heavy engineering works : Granite, gneiss
2. Buildings situated in industrial towns :- Granite and compact sandstone
3. Pavements, railway ballast, doorsits and steps :- Granite slabs and slate
4. Electrical switch board :- Marble slabs and slate
5. Fire resistance works :- Compact sandstone
6. Carving and ornamental works :- Marble and laterite
7. Face work and architectural purposes :- Marble, granite closer gained sand stone
https://t.me/engineer03
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
Civil Engineering
How tall buildings resist the wind Wind is one of the most important factors that architects and engineers have to consider when designing tall buildings. As buildings become taller, they become exposed to the high impact of wind loads that can cause structures…
How tall buildings resist the wind
👉 tapering
tapering (gradual diminution of a width or thickness) a building as it rises is one method used to break up the uniformity that causes vortex shedding- which is an oscillating flow that takes place as wind moved around the top of tall structures creating low pressure areas in the downwind and pulling the structure with suction forces and causing them to sway back and forth. Tapered forms help tall buildings prevent vortex shedding because of the continuously changing plan dimensions over the building height making them less susceptible to severe across-wind direction vibrations. Kuala Lumpur’s Petronas Towers and The Shard in London(shown above), both use this technique to reduce the effect that high winds have on their structures.
https://t.me/engineer03
👉 tapering
tapering (gradual diminution of a width or thickness) a building as it rises is one method used to break up the uniformity that causes vortex shedding- which is an oscillating flow that takes place as wind moved around the top of tall structures creating low pressure areas in the downwind and pulling the structure with suction forces and causing them to sway back and forth. Tapered forms help tall buildings prevent vortex shedding because of the continuously changing plan dimensions over the building height making them less susceptible to severe across-wind direction vibrations. Kuala Lumpur’s Petronas Towers and The Shard in London(shown above), both use this technique to reduce the effect that high winds have on their structures.
https://t.me/engineer03
Causes of foundation failure and removal measures
1,Poor Ground Preparation
Cut and fill situations should be properly prepared before the structure is started or it may result in improperly compacted soil beneath the foundation.
2,Transpiration
Vegitation, such as trees, shrubs, or other plants, near a foundation can affect moisture levels. Tree roots can dehydrate the soil beneath a home causing soil shrinkage and settlement of the home. Site clearance ላይ 20cm top layer ላይ ያሉ organic materials በደንም ማስወገድ ምክንያቱም organic property of soil affects engineering of soil
3,Drainage
Improper drainage will lead to excess moisture build-up, which could erode or consolidate soils. Excessive moisture may cause heaving of expansive clay soils. Remedial measure is proper drainage and compaction 4. Poor Building Site Preparation
Cut and fill situations, where the soil is removed from part of the building site and stacked on another, needs proper soil stabilization before a structure is built; otherwise unexpected movements of the soil beneath the foundation may occur.
5,Poor Ground Preparation
Cut and fill situations should be properly prepared before the structure is started or it may result in improperly compacted soil beneath the foundation.
6,Poor Soil Conditions
Poor soil, organics.....etc., may cause expansion or consolidation, which contribute to foundation failures. Using the correct foundation repair system can counteract the above conditions. Steel piers and helical piers are often the solutions for your basement or foundation.
https://t.me/engineer03
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
Honeycombs
Honeycombs which are on sides are visible to naked eyes and can be detected easily as soon shuttering is removed. Honeycombs which are inside mass of concrete can only be detected by advanced techniques like ultrasonic testing etc.
main reasons are
Improper vibration during concrete.
Less cover to reinforcement bars
Use of very stiff concrete (this can be avoided by controlling water as per slump test).
Places like junction of beam to beam to column and to one or more beams are the typical spots where honeycombs are observed. This is due to jumbling of reinforcement of beams and column rods at one place; special attention is required at such place during concreting and vibrating.
Presence of more percentage of bigger size of aggregate in concrete also prevents concrete to fill narrow spaces between the reinforcement rods.
https://t.me/engineer03
are hollow spaces and cavities left in concrete mass on the surface or inside the mass where concrete could not reach. These look like honey bees nest. Improper vibration and workability of concrete are main causes of honeycombs in concrete.Honeycombs which are on sides are visible to naked eyes and can be detected easily as soon shuttering is removed. Honeycombs which are inside mass of concrete can only be detected by advanced techniques like ultrasonic testing etc.
main reasons are
Improper vibration during concrete.
Less cover to reinforcement bars
Use of very stiff concrete (this can be avoided by controlling water as per slump test).
Places like junction of beam to beam to column and to one or more beams are the typical spots where honeycombs are observed. This is due to jumbling of reinforcement of beams and column rods at one place; special attention is required at such place during concreting and vibrating.
Presence of more percentage of bigger size of aggregate in concrete also prevents concrete to fill narrow spaces between the reinforcement rods.
https://t.me/engineer03
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING TIPS
.📄ASTM Abbrevation : American Society for Testing Materials
📄Grade of Concrete is denoted as Cement: Sand: Aggregate (Ex C-20 Grade : 1:2:3)
📄C/C means Center to Center Distance
📄DL means Development Length
📄Lapping of bars not allowed if the dia of bar is more than 36mm.
📄For circular column minimum of 6 longitudinal bars are used and 4 for Rectangular.
📄The minimum thickness of slab is 0.125m
📄Water pH value less than 6 should not be used for construction purpose.
📄The concrete Should not be thrown from a height more than 1.5m.
📄The Compressive strength of Bricks is 3.5 N /mm
📄The initial setting time shall not be less than 30 minutes and the final setting time of cement is 10hours.
📄Dead Load means Self weight of Structure
📄Sand having moisture content more than 5% should not be used for Concrete mix.
📄DPC means Damp Proof Course. The thickness of DPC should not be less than 2.5cm.
📄Cube test is carried out for each 30m usage of concrete.
📄RMC : Ready Mix concrete, The concrete is made at factory and transported to the site, This type of concrete is used where there is a lack of space for mixing the concrete and used where a huge amount of concrete is required for construction.
📄The height of floor is usually 3m or 10ft (If a person asks you whats the height of 12 storied building?
Ans: 3m x 12floors = 36m)
📄A head mason can work 25-30m in a day.
📄In construction, the rate analysis for the work of workers is calculated in Man Hours. (Ex: 10 Birr for 1 Man hour)
📄Cantilever Beam has One fixed support and the other end is free.
📄Simple supported beam has a minimum of two supports.
📄PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) this type of concrete is used on members only when the tensile forces are not acting on it.
📄The weight of first class clay brick should be 3.85 Kg. and it has a crushing
strength of 10.5MN/m
📄Adding more water in the concrete mix to increase setting time leads to form
the Cracks or honeycomb in hardened concrete.
📄Vibration in freshly made concrete is done to remove the air bubbles in concrete mix.
📄Impermeability of concrete: The concrete which resists the the entry of water or moisture into it.
📄The concrete can be lifted to a maximum height of 50m using Concrete
Pumps.
📄The curing Period of RCC is 28days .
📄The minimum sill level height should be
44 inches.
📄The transverse reinforcement provided in columns are called Ties .
📄The transverse reinforcement provided in
Beams is called as Stirrups .
📄Stirrups in Beams and Ties in Column are provided to handle the shear force and to keep longitudinal bars in position.
📄The Prime reason for using steel as reinforcement is due to thermal expansion.
The thermal expansion
coefficient of concrete and steel is (approximately) same having value
📄C-25 grade of concrete is generally used in the construction of slab.
📄Weight of Bar is calculated using formula D /162 (D = Dia of bar in mm)
📄The No. of HCB required for 1 metr square of masonary wall are 13 HCB blocks.
📄Specific gravity of Cement is 3.16g/ cm ; Bricks is 2g/cm ; Sand is 2.65g/cm ,
📄Standard Size of Brick is 19cm x 9cm x 4 cm or 19cm or 9cm x 9 cm
📄Floor area occupied by 50kg of Cement bag is 0.3m and height of 0.18m.
📄As per EBCS Maximum dia of bar used in the slab should not exceed 1/8th of the total thickness of the slab.
📄The slope or Pitch of the stair should be in between 25 degrees to 40 degrees.
📄The rise in stairs is in between 150mm to 200mm.
📄Tread in staircase is in between 250mm to 300mm.
📄Hook length should not be less than 9D (Dia of Bar)
📄Unit weight of PCC is 24KN/m , RCC is 25 KN/m , Steel is 7850Kg/m
📄The volume of 50kg cement bag is
1.3CFT.
📄Theodolite least count is 20Secs whereas Compass Least count is 30mins .
📄TMT bars : TMT means Thermo Mechanically treated bars
📄Cement more than 3 months old cannot be used for construction
📒The length of each bar from factory is 12m.
#Join_us_and_share_it
https://t.me/engineer03
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
ኤሌክትሪክ ስራ ለመስራት የሚያስፈልጉ የእጅ መሳሪያዎች/Hand Tools for Starting Electrical Work
🔹የኤሌክትሪክ ስራ ለመጀመር ብዙ አይነት የእጅ መሳሪያዎች አሉ። ነገር ግን ሁሉም ላያስፈልጉን ይችላሉ። ለጊዜ በዋናነት ብዙ ጊዜ የምንጠቀምባቸውን ለመግለፅ እሞክራለሁ።
🔹ነገር ግን በአግባቡ ልንጠቀምባቸው ይገባል። ይህ ካልሆነ አደጋ ሊያስከትሉብን ይገባል።
🔹አንድ ሰው የኤሌክትሪክ ለመስራት የሚከተሉት የእጅ መሳሪያዎች ሊኖሩት ይገባል።
🔸ጠመንጃ መፍቻ(sckrew driver)
🔸ኤሌክትሪሻን ቢለዋ(Electrician/pocket Knife)
🔸ፒንሳዎች(Pliers)
🔸የእጅ መጋዝ(hack saw)
🔸መዶሻ(Hammer)
🔸መሮ(Chisel)
🔸ውሃ ልክ(Level Gauge)
🔸ሜትር(Tape measure)
🔸መልቲ ሜትር(multi-meter)
🔸ኪያቬ መፍቻ (Wrench)
🔸የእጅ መብራት(Torch)
🔸ኤሌክትሪክ ገመድ መላጫ(Wire stripper)
🔸ሰርኪውት መፈለጊያ (circuit Finder)
🔸ቮልቴጅ ማረጋገጫ(Voltage Tester)
🔸ኤሌክትሪክ ገመድ መሳቢያ(Wire puller/Fish tape)
🔹መበየጃ(Soldering iron)
🔹የገመድ መጠን መለኪያ(Wire gauge)
🔹ኮንዲዩት ማጠፊያ(conduit bender)
🔹ሞረድ(Files)
🔹መምጠጫ(Sucker) ወ.ዘ.ተ. ሲሆኑ የእያንዳንዱን እገልግሎት ከዚህ ቀጥሎ እናያለን።
source:- Amen electronic
https://t.me/engineer03
🔹የኤሌክትሪክ ስራ ለመጀመር ብዙ አይነት የእጅ መሳሪያዎች አሉ። ነገር ግን ሁሉም ላያስፈልጉን ይችላሉ። ለጊዜ በዋናነት ብዙ ጊዜ የምንጠቀምባቸውን ለመግለፅ እሞክራለሁ።
🔹ነገር ግን በአግባቡ ልንጠቀምባቸው ይገባል። ይህ ካልሆነ አደጋ ሊያስከትሉብን ይገባል።
🔹አንድ ሰው የኤሌክትሪክ ለመስራት የሚከተሉት የእጅ መሳሪያዎች ሊኖሩት ይገባል።
🔸ጠመንጃ መፍቻ(sckrew driver)
🔸ኤሌክትሪሻን ቢለዋ(Electrician/pocket Knife)
🔸ፒንሳዎች(Pliers)
🔸የእጅ መጋዝ(hack saw)
🔸መዶሻ(Hammer)
🔸መሮ(Chisel)
🔸ውሃ ልክ(Level Gauge)
🔸ሜትር(Tape measure)
🔸መልቲ ሜትር(multi-meter)
🔸ኪያቬ መፍቻ (Wrench)
🔸የእጅ መብራት(Torch)
🔸ኤሌክትሪክ ገመድ መላጫ(Wire stripper)
🔸ሰርኪውት መፈለጊያ (circuit Finder)
🔸ቮልቴጅ ማረጋገጫ(Voltage Tester)
🔸ኤሌክትሪክ ገመድ መሳቢያ(Wire puller/Fish tape)
🔹መበየጃ(Soldering iron)
🔹የገመድ መጠን መለኪያ(Wire gauge)
🔹ኮንዲዩት ማጠፊያ(conduit bender)
🔹ሞረድ(Files)
🔹መምጠጫ(Sucker) ወ.ዘ.ተ. ሲሆኑ የእያንዳንዱን እገልግሎት ከዚህ ቀጥሎ እናያለን።
source:- Amen electronic
https://t.me/engineer03
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
የህንፃ ኤሌክትሪክ መስመር ዝርጋታ
1 .መግቢያ/Introduction
2. ጥንቃቄ/Safety
3.መሰረታዊ የኤሌክትሪክ ፅንሰ ሀሳቦች/Basic Electrical Cnecepts
4.የኤሌክትሪካል ምልክቶች/Electrical Symbols
5.የእጅ መሳሪያዎች/Hand tools
6.የኢትዮጵያ የህንፃ ኮድ መመሪያ/EBCS
🔜የኤሌክትሪክ ገመድ ቀለም ደንብ/Electrical Wire color code
🔜የኤሌክትሪክ ገመድ መጠን/Electrical Wire Size
🔜የኤሌክትሪክ አክሰሰሪዎች ከመሬት ያላቸው ከፍታ/Electrical Accessories Height from floor
7.ኮንዲዩትና የኮንዲዩት አክሰሰሪዎች/Conduit & Conduit Accessories
🔜ኮንዲዩት/Conduit
🔜የኮንዲዩት አክሰሰሪዎች/Conduit Accessories
▪️ማጋጠሚያ/Coupler
▪️ስካቶላ/Junction(conduit)box
▪️ቤንድ፣ኤልቦው፣ቲ/Bend,Elbow,Tee
8.የኤሌክትሪክ ገመድ ዝርጋታና አሰራር /Electrical Installation & Wiring syetems
🔜የኤሌክትሪክ ገመድ አይነቶች/ Electrical Conductor types
🔜የኤሌክትሪክ ሽቦ ጫፍ አዘገጃጀት/Electrical wiring termination
🔜የኤሌክትሪክ ሽቦ አስተሳሰር ዘዴዎች/ Methods of Electrical wire splicing
🔜ሌይአዉትእና ወየሪንግ ስዕል/Layout and Wiring Diagram
9. ድሮዊንግ ማንበብና መረዳት (መተርጎም)/Read & Interprate working Drawings
10.መዳብ መቅበርና መከላከያ መሳሪያዎች አጠቃቀም/Earthing & Protective Devices
11. ሌሎች/Others
12. ከሰዎች ጋር አብሮ የመሰራት እና የደንበኛ አያያዝ ጥበብ/ Arts of Working with others & Customer handling
ይቀጥላል .......
https://t.me/engineer03
1 .መግቢያ/Introduction
2. ጥንቃቄ/Safety
3.መሰረታዊ የኤሌክትሪክ ፅንሰ ሀሳቦች/Basic Electrical Cnecepts
4.የኤሌክትሪካል ምልክቶች/Electrical Symbols
5.የእጅ መሳሪያዎች/Hand tools
6.የኢትዮጵያ የህንፃ ኮድ መመሪያ/EBCS
🔜የኤሌክትሪክ ገመድ ቀለም ደንብ/Electrical Wire color code
🔜የኤሌክትሪክ ገመድ መጠን/Electrical Wire Size
🔜የኤሌክትሪክ አክሰሰሪዎች ከመሬት ያላቸው ከፍታ/Electrical Accessories Height from floor
7.ኮንዲዩትና የኮንዲዩት አክሰሰሪዎች/Conduit & Conduit Accessories
🔜ኮንዲዩት/Conduit
🔜የኮንዲዩት አክሰሰሪዎች/Conduit Accessories
▪️ማጋጠሚያ/Coupler
▪️ስካቶላ/Junction(conduit)box
▪️ቤንድ፣ኤልቦው፣ቲ/Bend,Elbow,Tee
8.የኤሌክትሪክ ገመድ ዝርጋታና አሰራር /Electrical Installation & Wiring syetems
🔜የኤሌክትሪክ ገመድ አይነቶች/ Electrical Conductor types
🔜የኤሌክትሪክ ሽቦ ጫፍ አዘገጃጀት/Electrical wiring termination
🔜የኤሌክትሪክ ሽቦ አስተሳሰር ዘዴዎች/ Methods of Electrical wire splicing
🔜ሌይአዉትእና ወየሪንግ ስዕል/Layout and Wiring Diagram
9. ድሮዊንግ ማንበብና መረዳት (መተርጎም)/Read & Interprate working Drawings
10.መዳብ መቅበርና መከላከያ መሳሪያዎች አጠቃቀም/Earthing & Protective Devices
11. ሌሎች/Others
12. ከሰዎች ጋር አብሮ የመሰራት እና የደንበኛ አያያዝ ጥበብ/ Arts of Working with others & Customer handling
ይቀጥላል .......
https://t.me/engineer03
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
1.ኮንዲዩት/ፓይፕ ማጠፊያ (Conduit/Pipe Bender)
☑️በእሳትና በአሸዋ ወይም በእሳት ብቻ በመጠቀም (አብዛኞቻችን የምንጠቀምበት) ማጠፍ እንችላለን። ነግር ግን ጊዜ የሚያባክንና እጃችንም የሚጎዳ ስለሆን መሳሪያ መጠቀሙ አስፈላጊ ነው።
☑️ኮንዲዩት/ፓይፕ ማጠፊያ (Conduit/Pipe Bender) የተለያዩ አይነት ማጠፊያዎች/Benders ሲኖሩ ከነዚህም ዋና ዋና የሚባሉት የሚከተሉት ናቸው።
1.በእጅ የሚሰራ ማጠፊያ (Hand/manual bender)
2. ሀይድሮሊክ(Hadraulic)
3.ኤሌክትሪክ(Electric)
4.ሜካኒካል(Mechanical) ሲሆኑ በቀላሉ ከቦታ ቦታ ለማንቀሳቀስ አመች የሆነው እና ለሳይት ስራ የሚሆነው በእጅ የሚሰራ ማጠፊያ (Hand/manual bender) ነው። ስለዚህ በዚህ ክፍል የምናየው ይሄን ይሆናል።
🔹በእጅ የሚሰራ ማጠፊያ (Hand/manual bender)
☑️መጠናቸው(sizes) አነስተኛ ለሆኑ ኮንዲዩቶች እና የኤሌክትሪክ ሀይል የሌለበት ቦታ ላይ በጣም ጠቃሚ ነው።
☑️መጠናቸው ከፍተኛ ለሆኑ ፓይፕ/ኮንዲዩት በተለይ ለቧንቧ ስራ ከላይ ከተዘረዘሩት ውስጥ እንደ አስፈላጊነቱ መርጦ መጠቀም ተገቢ ነው። ምክንያቱም ማጠፍ በፈለግን ጊዜ መሳሪያውን የምናቀሳቅሰው በእግራችን ወይም በእጃችን ስለሆን ከፍተኛ ሀይል/ጉልበት ስለሚጠይቅና አቅማቸውም ውስን ስለሆነ ነው ለትላልቆችና ብዛት የምናመርት ከሆነ ከላይ ከተዘረዘሩት ውስጥ መርጠን መግዛት አለብን።
https://t.me/engineer03
☑️በእሳትና በአሸዋ ወይም በእሳት ብቻ በመጠቀም (አብዛኞቻችን የምንጠቀምበት) ማጠፍ እንችላለን። ነግር ግን ጊዜ የሚያባክንና እጃችንም የሚጎዳ ስለሆን መሳሪያ መጠቀሙ አስፈላጊ ነው።
☑️ኮንዲዩት/ፓይፕ ማጠፊያ (Conduit/Pipe Bender) የተለያዩ አይነት ማጠፊያዎች/Benders ሲኖሩ ከነዚህም ዋና ዋና የሚባሉት የሚከተሉት ናቸው።
1.በእጅ የሚሰራ ማጠፊያ (Hand/manual bender)
2. ሀይድሮሊክ(Hadraulic)
3.ኤሌክትሪክ(Electric)
4.ሜካኒካል(Mechanical) ሲሆኑ በቀላሉ ከቦታ ቦታ ለማንቀሳቀስ አመች የሆነው እና ለሳይት ስራ የሚሆነው በእጅ የሚሰራ ማጠፊያ (Hand/manual bender) ነው። ስለዚህ በዚህ ክፍል የምናየው ይሄን ይሆናል።
🔹በእጅ የሚሰራ ማጠፊያ (Hand/manual bender)
☑️መጠናቸው(sizes) አነስተኛ ለሆኑ ኮንዲዩቶች እና የኤሌክትሪክ ሀይል የሌለበት ቦታ ላይ በጣም ጠቃሚ ነው።
☑️መጠናቸው ከፍተኛ ለሆኑ ፓይፕ/ኮንዲዩት በተለይ ለቧንቧ ስራ ከላይ ከተዘረዘሩት ውስጥ እንደ አስፈላጊነቱ መርጦ መጠቀም ተገቢ ነው። ምክንያቱም ማጠፍ በፈለግን ጊዜ መሳሪያውን የምናቀሳቅሰው በእግራችን ወይም በእጃችን ስለሆን ከፍተኛ ሀይል/ጉልበት ስለሚጠይቅና አቅማቸውም ውስን ስለሆነ ነው ለትላልቆችና ብዛት የምናመርት ከሆነ ከላይ ከተዘረዘሩት ውስጥ መርጠን መግዛት አለብን።
https://t.me/engineer03
የቀጠለ...
☑️ መሳሪያውን ተጠቅመን ኮንዲዩት ለማጠፍ ልምምድ ማድረግ አስፈላጊ ነው በአንዴ በፈለግነው መልኩ ካላጠፍን ብለን መጨነቅ አይኖርብንም።
☑️አሪፍ ቤንድ ለመስራት ደረቻውን የጠበቀና ሪጅድ ኮንዲዩት መጠቀምም አስፈላጊ ነው።
☑️የእጅ ማጠፊያዎች በብራንዳቸውና በሞዴላቸው መሰረት ይልያያሉ። ነገር ግን በብዛት የሚታወቁት ሁለት ናቸው። እነርሱም:-
🔹ቤንፊልድ ማጠፊያ(Benfield Bender):-
☑️ከብረት የተሰራ ሲሆን ላዩ ላይ በፈለግነው የአንግል መጠን ኮንዲየቱን ለማጠፍ የሚረዱን ጠቋሚ ቁጥሮች አሉ።
🔸ጋርድነር ስልት መጠፊያ(Gardner Style Bender):-
☑️ከአሉሚንየም የተሰራ ሲሆን 45 ዲግሪና 90 ዲግሪ ላይ የምናስተካክልበት ደረጃ አለው።
https://t.me/engineer03
☑️ መሳሪያውን ተጠቅመን ኮንዲዩት ለማጠፍ ልምምድ ማድረግ አስፈላጊ ነው በአንዴ በፈለግነው መልኩ ካላጠፍን ብለን መጨነቅ አይኖርብንም።
☑️አሪፍ ቤንድ ለመስራት ደረቻውን የጠበቀና ሪጅድ ኮንዲዩት መጠቀምም አስፈላጊ ነው።
☑️የእጅ ማጠፊያዎች በብራንዳቸውና በሞዴላቸው መሰረት ይልያያሉ። ነገር ግን በብዛት የሚታወቁት ሁለት ናቸው። እነርሱም:-
🔹ቤንፊልድ ማጠፊያ(Benfield Bender):-
☑️ከብረት የተሰራ ሲሆን ላዩ ላይ በፈለግነው የአንግል መጠን ኮንዲየቱን ለማጠፍ የሚረዱን ጠቋሚ ቁጥሮች አሉ።
🔸ጋርድነር ስልት መጠፊያ(Gardner Style Bender):-
☑️ከአሉሚንየም የተሰራ ሲሆን 45 ዲግሪና 90 ዲግሪ ላይ የምናስተካክልበት ደረጃ አለው።
https://t.me/engineer03
የቀጠለ...
🔹በበዛት የተለመደውና አብዛኛቻችን የምንስማማበት የኤሌክትሪክ አክሰሰሪዎች ከወለል ያላቸው ከፍታ:-
የክሰሰሪ ከወለል ያላቸው
አይነቶች ከፍታ በ cm
1. ማብሪያ/ማጥፊያ_____130-140
2.ሶኬት_________________40-50
3.ዲስትሪቢዩሽን ቦርድ___170-175
4.ኪችን ሶኬት___________90-100
5.አኑንሴተር_____________170-175
6.ቤል ስዊች_____________130-140
7. ቆጣሪ_________________175-180
8.ሻወር/መፀዳጃ ቤት
ሶኬት____________________180-200
9. ሻወር/መፀዳጃ ቤት ማብሪያ ማጥፊያ__________________150
ማሳሰቢያ:- ከዚህ በፊትም እንዳልነው ዋናው ነገር ለአጠቃቀም ቀላልና ምቹ ማድረግ ነው። ስለዚህ ቦታው ላይ ያሉትን ነገሮች ታሳቢ በማድረግ እንደሁኔታው ከፍም ዝቅም ማለት ይችላል።
ይቀጥላል ......
🔹በበዛት የተለመደውና አብዛኛቻችን የምንስማማበት የኤሌክትሪክ አክሰሰሪዎች ከወለል ያላቸው ከፍታ:-
የክሰሰሪ ከወለል ያላቸው
አይነቶች ከፍታ በ cm
1. ማብሪያ/ማጥፊያ_____130-140
2.ሶኬት_________________40-50
3.ዲስትሪቢዩሽን ቦርድ___170-175
4.ኪችን ሶኬት___________90-100
5.አኑንሴተር_____________170-175
6.ቤል ስዊች_____________130-140
7. ቆጣሪ_________________175-180
8.ሻወር/መፀዳጃ ቤት
ሶኬት____________________180-200
9. ሻወር/መፀዳጃ ቤት ማብሪያ ማጥፊያ__________________150
ማሳሰቢያ:- ከዚህ በፊትም እንዳልነው ዋናው ነገር ለአጠቃቀም ቀላልና ምቹ ማድረግ ነው። ስለዚህ ቦታው ላይ ያሉትን ነገሮች ታሳቢ በማድረግ እንደሁኔታው ከፍም ዝቅም ማለት ይችላል።
ይቀጥላል ......
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
ዒድ ሙባረክ!
عيد مبارك
እንኳን ለ1,441ኛው የኢድ አል-ፈጥር በዓል በሰላም አደረሰን ፤ አደረሳችሁ። በዓሉ የሰላም ፣ የፍቅር ፣ የመተሳሰብ ይሆን ዘንድ እንመኛለን!
ውድ ቤተሰቦቻችን በዓሉን ስናከብር የኮቪድ-19 ወረርሽኝን ለመከላከል የምንወስዳቸውን አስፈላጊ #የጥንቃቄ እርምጃዎችን እየወሰድን እንዲሆን አደራ ለማለት እንወዳለን!
عيد مبارك
መልካም በዓል ይሁንልን!
Civil Engineer’s Work
https://t.me/engineer03
عيد مبارك
እንኳን ለ1,441ኛው የኢድ አል-ፈጥር በዓል በሰላም አደረሰን ፤ አደረሳችሁ። በዓሉ የሰላም ፣ የፍቅር ፣ የመተሳሰብ ይሆን ዘንድ እንመኛለን!
ውድ ቤተሰቦቻችን በዓሉን ስናከብር የኮቪድ-19 ወረርሽኝን ለመከላከል የምንወስዳቸውን አስፈላጊ #የጥንቃቄ እርምጃዎችን እየወሰድን እንዲሆን አደራ ለማለት እንወዳለን!
عيد مبارك
መልካም በዓል ይሁንልን!
Civil Engineer’s Work
https://t.me/engineer03
1,ኮንዲዩት/Conduit:-
🔸ኮንዲዩት ወይም በአማረኛ ቱቦ ብለን የምንጠራው ሲሆን ለኤሌክትሪክ ወይም ለውሃ አገልግሎት የምንጠቀምባቸው የተለያዩ አይነቶች አሉ። እኛ የምናየው ለኤሌክትሪክ አገልግሎት የምንጠቀምባቸውን አይነቶች ነው።
🔸ኮንዲዩቶች ኤሌክትሪክ ለማስተላለፍ የምንጠቀምባቸውን ገመዶች ወይም ኬብሎች በወስጣቸው አሳልፈን በመዘርጋት ከሜካኒካል ወይም ከኤሌክትሪካል ጉዳት ለመከላከል ይረዱናል።
🔹 በውፍረትና በአይነት የተለያዩ ኮንዲዩቶች ስላሉ እንደ አስፈላጊነታቸው እንጠቀምባቸዋለን።
🔸ኮንዲዩቶች ባዋናነት በሁለት የከፈላሉ። እነርሱም:-
1.የብረት ኮንዲዩት/ steel/Metal coduit
2. የፕላስቲክ/plastic conduit
ናቸው።
🗝እያንዳንዱን እናያለን!
👇👇👇👇👇 https://t.me/engineer03
🔸ኮንዲዩት ወይም በአማረኛ ቱቦ ብለን የምንጠራው ሲሆን ለኤሌክትሪክ ወይም ለውሃ አገልግሎት የምንጠቀምባቸው የተለያዩ አይነቶች አሉ። እኛ የምናየው ለኤሌክትሪክ አገልግሎት የምንጠቀምባቸውን አይነቶች ነው።
🔸ኮንዲዩቶች ኤሌክትሪክ ለማስተላለፍ የምንጠቀምባቸውን ገመዶች ወይም ኬብሎች በወስጣቸው አሳልፈን በመዘርጋት ከሜካኒካል ወይም ከኤሌክትሪካል ጉዳት ለመከላከል ይረዱናል።
🔹 በውፍረትና በአይነት የተለያዩ ኮንዲዩቶች ስላሉ እንደ አስፈላጊነታቸው እንጠቀምባቸዋለን።
🔸ኮንዲዩቶች ባዋናነት በሁለት የከፈላሉ። እነርሱም:-
1.የብረት ኮንዲዩት/ steel/Metal coduit
2. የፕላስቲክ/plastic conduit
ናቸው።
🗝እያንዳንዱን እናያለን!
👇👇👇👇👇 https://t.me/engineer03
🔹🔸🔹1. የብረት ኮንዲዩት/ steel coduit:-
🔹የኤሌክትሪካል ገመዱን/ኬብሉን ከሜካኒካል ጉዳት መከላከል አስፈላጊ ሆኖ ስናገኘው እንጠቀመዋለን።
🔹በሶስት ዋና ዋና ክፍሎች ይከፈላል።
ሀ. ደረቅ የብረት ኮንዲዩት(Rigid Steel Conduit)
ለ. ታጣፊ የብረት ኮንዲዩት(Flexible Steel Conduit)
መ. የብረት ሆዝ(Metallic Hose) ናቸው።👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇 https://t.me/engineer03
🔹የኤሌክትሪካል ገመዱን/ኬብሉን ከሜካኒካል ጉዳት መከላከል አስፈላጊ ሆኖ ስናገኘው እንጠቀመዋለን።
🔹በሶስት ዋና ዋና ክፍሎች ይከፈላል።
ሀ. ደረቅ የብረት ኮንዲዩት(Rigid Steel Conduit)
ለ. ታጣፊ የብረት ኮንዲዩት(Flexible Steel Conduit)
መ. የብረት ሆዝ(Metallic Hose) ናቸው።👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇 https://t.me/engineer03
Telegram
Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
╱▂▂▂▂▂▂╱╱┏▕╋▏╲╲
▔▏▂┗┓▂▕▔┛▂┏▔▂▕▔
▕▕╋▏▕╋▏▏▕┏▏▕