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10 of the Largest Construction Projects in the World: BY JUAN RODRIGUEZ
Updated November 20, 2019
source: - thebalancesmb.com
Including airports, canals, and subways and even Space Station and an entertainment park, Here is the list of the top 10 construction projects in the world.

#1. Al Maktoum International Airport, Dubai : No other airport would prepare you for the scale of Dubai's Al Maktoum International Airport, which extends over more than 21 square miles. The facility is designed to handle 200 wide-body aircraft at a time. The airport's second expansion phase alone has an estimated cost of more than $32 billion. Originally scheduled for completion in 2018, the latest expansion phase has been delayed, with no definite completion date.

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Under what situation shall engineers use jacking at one end only and from both
ends in prestressing work?
During prestressing operation at one end, frictional losses will occur and the prestressing
force decreases along the length of tendon until reaching the other end. These frictional
losses include the friction induced due to a change of curvature of tendon duct and also the
wobble effect due to deviation of duct alignment from the centerline. Therefore, the
prestress force in the mid-span or at the other end will be greatly reduced in case the
frictional loss is high. Consequently, prestressing, from both ends for a single span i.e.
prestressing one-half of total tendons at one end and the remaining half at the other end is
carried out to enable a even distribution and to provide symmetry of prestress force along
the structure.
In fact, stressing at one end only has the potential advantage of lower cost when compared
with stressing from both ends. For multiple spans (e.g. two spans) with unequal span length,
jacking is usually carried out at the end of the longer span so as to provide a higher
prestress force at the location of maximum positive moment. On the contrary, jacking from
the end of the shorter span would be conducted if the negative moment at the intermediate
support controls the prestress force. However, if the total span length is sufficiently long,
jacking from both ends should be considered.

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@Kukuha_haymanot

How to calculate the volume of sand , aggregate and cement in 1m^3 of concrete? Take c-20 concrete

Answer ....repost

Example c-20 mix design (1:2:3) if we are given 1 m^3 concrete

First we add up 1+2+3=6

Means 1 cement
2 sand
3 aggregate

To calculate the the volume of sand

1 * 2/6= 2/6 m^3 =0.33m^3

To calculate the volume of aggregate (gravel)

1 * 3/6 = 0.5m^3

To calculate the volume of cement

1 * 1/6 = 0.167m^3

To calculate cement in piece

1 bag of cement is 0.036m^3 so divide the quantity of cement with a bag of cement

Bag of cement = 0.167 / 0.036 = 4.6

So we use 5 bag of cement

Make sure you get both autocad & etabs for our today's session.
This is a preparation work & main content will follow

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#Etabs 2016.2.1
#Lesson 1
#Setup installation(pdf & video)
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👋 Hello Members.
Here is Etabs Project 1, 1st class lessons along with drawings & videos.
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