👉Today Tip

.@constraction1

▶ኣዲሱ የ EBCS ኮድ
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⚡አሁኑኑ Join በማረግ እና ለጓደኛዎ እና ለሚያቁት ሁሉ ሼር ያድርጉ።👆👆👆

Quantity survey hand book,
Example

በጣም አሪፍ ምሳሌ የሚሰራ ስራ አውርዱት!!!
👉Tip💡 @quation 📖

http://t.me/engineer03

👉ስለ Road structure components
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*Super Elevation = የመንገድ Curve ላይ መኪናን ከመንገዱ
ውጪ የሚጎትትን Centrifugal Force ለመቋቋም የአስፓልቱ
ከርቭ ዙሪያውን ከፍ ተደርጎ ይሰራል - ለሹፌሩም ምቾትን ይሰጣል እንዲሁም በሚታጠፍበት ግዜ ኣደጋን ይቀንሳል፡፡
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*Pavement Crown = ለፍሳሽ ተብሎ የአስፓልቱ መሃል ከዳርኞቹ ይልቅ ከፍ ተደርጎ ይሰራል የሚሰራ ኮምፐነንት ነው። ሌሎችም components ከላይ በ ፒክቸሩ እንደምታዩት ዲፋይን ተደርገዋል
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ለሁሉም እንዲዳረስ ፖስቶቹን SHARE አድርጉልን። @engineer03

በፌስቡክ አድራሻችንም ያገኙናል
👇👇👇👇👇👇👇
https://www.facebook.com/1004225169613666/posts/2449075465128622/?app=fbl

✅Recent Building Technologies
✔️Drones✔️
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or commonly known as Drones have been a major innovation in the last few years offering great benefits to many industries. While they originated mostly in military applications, their use is rapidly expanding to commercial, scientific, recreational, agricultural, and including the construction industry. In just a few years, these drones have almost transformed the construction industry and now play a significant role in the planning, surveying, and data capturing process. they can capture video, take high-resolution images by an operator on the ground. While the uses of drones do not include the actual labour phase of construction (yet), they play a huge role in mapping a construction site, making site inspections and building surveillance in a simplified, budget-friendly and faster way. As more advances are made in drone technology, we believe it will offer more benefits.
👉via @engineer03

🏡StayHome
#SaveLives 👦‍

@engineer03

👉ስለ ውሃ ስራዎች በ ኢትየጵያ እንወያይ ... @engineer03
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▶️በተለያዩ የአገራችን ክፍል የመጠጥ ውሃ አቅርቦት ችግር መንስኤዎች
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፩. የውሃ መገኛ አካላት( source)የጥናት ችግር ይህ ማለት የምንጭ፣የጥልቅ ጉድጓድ፣የግድብ ሊሆን ይችላል፤ የመስጠት አቅም (yield) በትክክል ማወቅ አለመቻል። ይህም ሊከስት የሚችለው ጥናቱን ለማከናወን የምንጠቀምበት መንገድ ከቴክኖሎጂ ይልቅ ባህላዊ መሆን
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፪. ዲዛይኑን የሚሰራው ባለሞያ የህዝብ ቁጥር ግመታ(population forecasting )ካለው ነባራዊ ሁኔታ ጋር አለመጣጣም። የከተሞችን እድገት አርቆ ያላየ መሆን
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፫. ፕሮጀክቶችን ለህዝብ ከሚሰጡት አገልግሎት አንፃር ሳይሆን ለፖለቲካ ግብዓትነት ለማዋል ጊዜ ሰጥቶ ዲዛይን ከማጥናትና ግንባታ ከመገንባት ይልቅ የፖለቲከኞች ጣልቃ ገብነት መኖር ለዚህም ብዙ ምሳሌ የሆኑ ፕሮጀክቶችን ማንሳት ይቻላል። ኦሮሚያ ውስጥ ምስራቅ ሀረርጌ ብዙ ፕሮጀክቶች የውሃ ምንጫቸው(source) ሳይጠና ግንባታቸው የተጠናቀቁ ነገር ግን source ባለመገኘቱ ለህብረተሰቡ ታንከሮች በውሃ ቦቲ ተሽከርካሪዎች እየተሞላለት የሚጠቀምበት ሁኔታዎች
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፬. በዲዛይን ወቅት ነባራዊውን ሁኔታ ያላገናዘበ ዲዛይን ማውጣትና በግንባታ ወቅት ተደጋጋሚ ክለሳዎች መኖር(design revision)ይህም ከግፊት መጠን (head) ጋር አለመጣጣም መኖር፤የጀነሬተርና የፓምፕ ዲዛይን እንዲሁም ኦፕሬሽን ችግሮች
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፭. በተቋራጭ በኩል ጥራቱን የጠበቀ ግንባታ አለመኖር
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፮. የኤሌክትሮ መካኒካል እቃዎች አቅርቦት ችግር
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፯. ለውሃ ምንጮች (sources) እና ግንባታዎች ለሚከናወኑባቸው ባለይዞታዎች የሚያስፈልገውን ካሳ በወቅቱ አለመክፈልና ለፕሮጀክቱ መጓተት ዋነኛ ምክንያት መሆን ለ ምሳሌ አብዛኛው የአገራችን ከተሞች የውሃ አቅርቦት ፕሮጀክት በይዞታና በካሳ ምክንያት የቆሙ አሉ። ህብረተሰቡ ላይ የአመለካከት ለውጥ እንዲፈጠር ስራ ባለመሰራቱ የመጣ ችግር ነው። ግለሰቦች የውሃ መስመር የሚያልፍበትን መስመር በመከተል ለካሳ ማንጎ በመትከል ካሳ ይከፈለኝ ጥያቄ ማንሳት ... ወዘተ
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👉ሀሳባቹ አካፍሉን👇
https://t.me/engineer03

✅ COLUMN ( አምድ - ረድፍ )


➠ column is a vertical compression member that used to transfer the loads from intermediate floors and roofs towards the foundation. ⚡ load ወይንም ጭነት በcolums በኩል ያልፋል። column ለአንድ building እጅግ መሠረታዊ structural part ነው።

✅ TYPES OF COLUMN - የአምድ አይነቶች

💠 Columns - ረድፎች በሚሰጡት ጥቅም፣ ቅርጽና አገልግሎት ላይ ተመስርተን ከፋፍፉን ማየች እንችላለን።

➠ A. Based on shape of cross section ( በቅርጻቸው ላይ በመመስረት)
1.L shaped.
2.square.
3.circular.

➠ B.based on lateral load resisting system ( bracing)

1.braced column :- able to carry horizontal or lateral loading like earth quick and wind load. Zer r different bracing like K bracing, X bracing, diagonal bracing....

2.unbraced column

➠ C.based on sensitivity of P delta effect (second order effect)
1.sway column:. Is a column which shows a significant horizontal displacement. Mostly zis type of column has no bracing system
2. Non sway column:. Is a column having a lateral load resisting system and shows no lateral displacement

➠ D. Based on load on z column
1.axially loaded column:. Carry pure axial load. Zey r columns with out eccentricity.
2.uniaxially loaded column:. Carry an axial load having eccentricity only in one axis (either along x or y)

3.biaxially loaded column:
Carry axial load having eccentricity in both direction.

➠ E. Based on lateral support of bar
1.tied column:are column with longitudinal or main reinforcement supported by a ties having a particular spacing.
2. Spiral column (የተጠመለለ ረድፍ) :.a column with longitudinal or main reinforcement bar supported in a manner of helical spring.

F. Based on length (slenderness) / በርዝመት ላይ ተመስርተን/

1.short column (አጭር ረድፍ):. a column with small or less slenderness ration. E.g pedestal column
2.long or slender column (ረጅም ረድፍ):. a column with hign slenderness ration.
G. based on material composition ( በሚይዘው ማቴሪያል ላይ በመመስረት)

1. Composit column: a column cross sections in which composed of concrete and steel. In this case steel is incased by concrete.
2. Infilled column (የተሞላ ረድፍ) :.a column type when concrete is poured in steel. Infilled column (የተሞላ ረድፍ) ኮንክሪቱ ከብረት ጋራ ሆኖ መቆሙ ጥንካሬን ይሰጠው ዘንድ ነው።

👇👇👇👇👇
https://t.me/engineer03

▶️Benefits of Cladding

cladding - ማልበስ
↪️While cladding will make your buildings look amazing, there are many other benefits to having this installed.

⚡ cladding የአንድን ህንጻ ገጽታ ውበትን በመስጠት ያሳምራል።

➠ A few of the benefits are:

➕ Increased life expectancy of the building
➕ Increased value of the building - የህንጻውን ተመራጭነት ይጨምራል።
➕ Eliminates internal issues
➕ Protects from water - የሚፈሱ ነገሮችን ወደውስጡ እንዳይገባ ይከላከላል።
➕ Improves air tightness
➕ Improved exterior appearance
➕ Lower maintenance costs
➕ Lower energy costs

⚡አሁኑኑ Join በማረግ እና ለጓደኛዎ እና ለሚያቁት ሁሉ ሼር ያድርጉ።
👇👇👇
https://t.me/engineer03

የቻይናዋ ሼንዤን ከተማ ውሻና ድመት ለምግብነት እንዳይውል ከልክላለች። በዚህም ይህንን ውሳኔ በማስተላለፍ የመጀመሪዋ የቻይና ከተማ ሆናለች።‼️

https://t.me/Asrat_News

በኮሮናቫይረስ የተያዙ 6 ተጨማሪ ሰዎች ተገኙ!

https://t.me/Asrat_News

ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ባለፉት 24 ሰዓት የላቦራቶሪ ምርመራ ከተደረገላቸው 74 ሰዎች ውስጥ 6 ሰዎች በኮሮናቫይረስ መያዛቸው ተረጋገጠ።

ይህም በኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ በኮሮናቫይረስ የተያዙ ሰዎችን ቁጥር 35 እንዳደረሰው የጤና ሚኒስቴር ገልጿል።

ሚኒስትሯ ዶክተር ሊያ ታደሰ እንደገለጹት፤ በቫይረሱ መያዛቸው ከተረጋገጡት ውስጥ አምስቱ ከአዲስ አበባ ሲሆን አንድ ከድሬዳዋ ነው።

በቫይረሱ የተያዙት ሁሉም ኢትዮጵያውያን ናቸው።

በአዲስ አበባ ከተያዙት ውስጥ ሁለቱ የጉዞ ታሪክ ያላቸው ሲሆን የመጀመሪያው የ35 ዓመት ወንድ መጋቢት 10 ቀን 2012 ዓ.ም ከዱባይ የመጣ፣ ሁለተኛው የ30 ዓመት ወንድ በተመሳሳይ ከዱባይ መጋቢት 8 ቀን 2012 ዓ.ም የመጣ መሆኑን ገልጸዋል።

ሁለቱም አስገዳጅ የለይቶ ማቆያ ተግባራዊ ከመሆኑ በፊት የገቡ ናቸው።

ሶስተኛው የ28 ዓመት ወንድ፤ አራተኛውም የ56 ዓመት ወንድ፣ አምስተኛው የ30 ዓመት ወንድ የጉዞ ታሪክ የሌላቸው ናቸው።

እነዚህ ሰዎች ያላቸው ግንኙነት እየተጣራ መሆኑን ሚኒስትሯ ገልጸዋል።

ስድስተኛዋ ሰው የ33 ዓመት ሴት ስትሆን በድሬዳዋ ከዚህ በፊት በኮሮናቫይረስ መያዙ ከተገለጸው ሰው ጋር ግንኙነት የነበራት መሆኑ ታውቋል።

ምንጭ፦ etv

https://t.me/Asrat_News
https://t.me/Asrat_News

COVID-19 Has Shut Down Your Construction Project. Is There Insurance for That?


We should expect construction to shut down. The only question is when, not if, this will occur. Owners will be given a few days to secure their sites, but what comes next?


As COVID-19 spreads, its impact on the construction industry could be severe. Faced with deadlines to complete pending projects, city and state orders for residents and non-essential workers to “shelter in place,” and substantial supply chain disruptions, will your insurance policies provide any coverage for the extra expenses and losses you are about to incur? This alert considers some of the key insurance issues that developers, owners and contractors may face.


But here is the bottom line: Notify the insurance company of a claim without delay under any potentially applicable insurance policy and have coverage counsel review the contractor's specific policy. It is the language in the policy, including endorsements, that will control the issue.

✅ The difference between main bar and distribution bar

➕ በMain bar እና በDistribution Bar መካከል ያለው ልዮነት ➕

1. Main reinforcement normally used at the bottom of the slab. Distribution bars placed on top of the main bar.

➠ ዋናው reinforcement ከslab ታች በመሆን ጥቅምን ይሰጣል። Distribution bar ከmain bar አናት / top/ ላይ ይቀመጣል።

➕ reniforcement ለአንድ ህንጻ structure (beam, colons) ጥንካሬ ሰጪ ነው።

2. Main Reinforcement bars are placed in shorter direction and Distribution bars placed in longer span direction.

3. Main Reinforcement Bars are used to transfer the bending moment developed at the bottom of the slab. Distribution Bars are used to hold the slabs on either way and to resist the cracks and shear stress developed at the top

➠ Main reinfocement bars.. bending moment ለማስተላለፍ ይረዳሉ።

➠ Distribution Bars አንድን slab ሳይሰነጣጠቅ፥ ሳይፈረካከስና ችግር ሳይደርስበት እንዲቆይ ይረዳል። ይህም በtop ላይ shear force አለ ማለት ነው።

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What do we mean by workability of concrete?
What factors do affect it?
How do we know if a concrete is too workable?
Is there any scientific way of knowing degree of workability of a concrete?


Workability of concrete is defined as the ease and homogeneity with which a freshly mixed concrete or mortar can be mixed, placed, compacted and finished. Strictly, it is the
amount of useful internal work necessary to produce 100% compaction.

Another similar term used to describe a freshly prepared concrete is ‘consistency’ which is the ease with which it will flow. It is the wetness of the concrete and the measure of fluidity or mobility. Wet concretes are more workable than dry concrete, but concretes of the same consistency may vary in workability. A concrete which has high consistency and which is more mobile, need not be of right workability for a
particular job. Type of work, thickness of section, reinforcements and mode of compaction are the aspects to be considered while specifying the workability for any particular job.


Workable concrete shows very less internal friction between particles and overcomes the frictional resistance with just the amount of compacting efforts provided. Workability of the concrete depends on a number of interrelating factors. Water content, aggregate properties, use of admixtures, fineness of cement are the factors affecting workability.

1. Water content: The increase in watercontent increases the fluidity of the
concrete thus providing greater lubrication.

2. Size of aggregates: The surface area of bigger aggregates is less and hence less amount of water is required for lubricating the surface to reduce the friction. Thus the concrete having large sized aggregate is more workable (of course, within certain limits). And other properties of aggregate will affect the workability of concrete.

3. Mix proportions: Aggregate/cement ratio
is the measure of how lean or rich the concrete is. If aggregate/ cement ratio is
higher, the concrete becomes leaner. In lean concrete less paste is available for the lubrication of the aggregate, while in rich
concrete with low a/c ratio, more paste is available which makes the mix more
cohesive and hence provides better workability.

4. Use of admixtures: Use of admixtures in concrete is the major factor that affects the workability. The use of plasticizers and super-plasticizers amply increase the workability of the concrete. Air entraining
agents produce air bubbles which act as rollers between particles and provide better mobility thus improving the workability.

5. Time and temperature: Fresh concrete gets stiffened as the time flows. This is because some of the water used to mix the concrete gets evaporated and some gets absorbed
by the aggregates. Thus the workability of concrete reduces with time. This loss of workability with time is known as slump
loss. The effect of temperature on workability of concrete is noteworthy. As the temperature increases, the workability of the mix reduces.
Measurements of Workability/ workability Tests:
-Slump Test
-Compacting Factor Test
-Vee-Bee Test
-Flow Test
-Kelly Ball Test

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በኮሮና ምክንያት በሀገራችን የ2 ሰዎች ህልፈተ ህይወት ተመዝግቧል..... በዚህም ሀዘናችን የበረታ ነው!‼️

ነፍስ ይማር !🕯

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Bent up bars
Bent up bars are the main reinforcements bent at a suitable angle to act as shear reinforcements.
Reinforcements are bent up to the supports/ends where greater compressive force occurs.
Bars Are Bend Near At Support To:
1- To resist shear force .
2-To resist (NBM) adjacent at supports.
3- To increment the strenth of RCC in  slab.
4- Bent Up bar can abate the amount of steel.
5- Bent up bars in slab is more strong form normal slab.
6- Bent up bars sufficiently increase the deformation capacityof slabs as compared to those not having bars bent.
7- By extending bars up to supports, we can also lower the risk of brittle failure due to higher compressive stresses causing the structure to collapse.
#Tips
👇🏼👇🏼👇🏼
@engineer03

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#Fcd_Fyd_Fcu_Fck_C-25_S-400???
.
Fcu ( characteristic cubic compressive strength ) = ኪዩብ ቴስት አድርገን ካገኘናቸው ውጤቶች ውስጥ ካራክተርስቲክ እስትሬንግዝ ነው Fcu ማለት፡፡ የኮንክሪት ግሬድ የሚገለፀው በዚህ ነው፡፡ ለምሳሌ C-30 ማለት ካራክተርስቲክ compressive እስትሬንግዙ 30 Mpa ነው ማለት ነው እንጂ መሸከም የሚችለው ትልቅ ሎድ አይደለም ብዙ ሰዎች በዚህ ይሸወዳሉ፡፡ ካራክተርስቲክ እስትሬንግዝ ነው እንጂ አልቲሜት ሎድ ወይም አልቲሜት እስትሬንግዝ አይደለም፡፡
.
Fck ( characteristic cylindrical compressive strength) = ከ fcu የሚለያየው ነገር ይሆንን ውጤት የምናገኘው ሲሊንደሪካል ቴስት አድርገን ነው፡፡ እኛ ሃገር የተለመደው ኪዩብ ቴስት ነው - ኪዩብን ወደ ሲሊንደሪካል ኮምፕረሲቭ እስትሬንግዝ ለመቀየር fck = 0.8xfcu
.
Fcd (design strength of concrete) = fck እና fcu ላብራቶሪ ውስጥ የተገኙ ውጤቶች ናቸው ነው ነገር ግን በጥራት ችግር የተነሳ ሳይት ላይ ያንን እስትሬንግዝ ሙሉ ለሙሉ ማምጣት አስቸጋሪ ነው፡፡ ስለዚህም fck እና fcu በ Partial Safety Factor እናዳክማቸዋለን፡፡ [ fcd = 0.85fck/F.s ]……………. Design strength of concrete in compression 0.85 ያስገባንበት ምክንያት ቴስት ሳምፕሉ ከእውነተኛው የኮንክሪት እስትሬንግዝ ጋር ያለውን ልዩነት ግምት ውስጥ ለማስገባት ነው
.
Fyk (characteristic yield strength of reinforcement) = የብረቱ ካራክተርስቲክ እስትሬንግዝ ነው፡፡ የፌሮ ግሬድ የሚገለፀው ማለትም S-300, S-400, Fe -415 የምንለው ይሄንን ነው
.
Fyd ( design yield strength of reinforcement) = እንደ Fcd ሁሉ ጥርጣሬዎችን ለመቅረፍ fyd ላይ partial safety factor እንጠቀማለን፡፡ ለ class I እና Class II safety factor ይለያያል
.
Fctk (characteristic tensile strength of concrete) = ከ Split Cylinder test ወይም Flexure Test ላይ ካገኘናቸው ውጤቶች ውስጥ ካራክተርስቲክ ቴንሳይል እስትሬንግዝ ነው Fctk የምንለው፡፡ ይህንን ቴስት ማድረግ የማይቻልበት ሁኔታ ካለ ከ Fck ጋር የሚያገናኛቸው ፎርሙላ EBCS 2 ላይ ስላለ ያንን መጠቀም ይቻላል፡፡ Fctk የኮንክሪቱን ኮምፕረሲቭ እስትሬንግዝ ከ8 እስከ 15 ፐርሰንት ያክላል
.
Fctd (design tensile strength of concrete) = ለዲዛይን ሲባል fctk ላይ safety factor ሲደረግበት የምናገኘው ውጤት ነው፡፡ Fctd = fctk / f.s
.
.
#Fcd_Fyd_Fcu_Fck_C-25_S-400???
.
Fcu ( characteristic cubic compressive strength ) = ኪዩብ ቴስት አድርገን ካገኘናቸው ውጤቶች ውስጥ ካራክተርስቲክ እስትሬንግዝ ነው Fcu ማለት፡፡ የኮንክሪት ግሬድ የሚገለፀው በዚህ ነው፡፡ ለምሳሌ C-30 ማለት ካራክተርስቲክ compressive እስትሬንግዙ 30 Mpa ነው ማለት ነው እንጂ መሸከም የሚችለው ትልቅ ሎድ አይደለም ብዙ ሰዎች በዚህ ይሸወዳሉ፡፡ ካራክተርስቲክ እስትሬንግዝ ነው እንጂ አልቲሜት ሎድ ወይም አልቲሜት እስትሬንግዝ አይደለም፡፡
.
Fck ( characteristic cylindrical compressive strength) = ከ fcu የሚለያየው ነገር ይሆንን ውጤት የምናገኘው ሲሊንደሪካል ቴስት አድርገን ነው፡፡ እኛ ሃገር የተለመደው ኪዩብ ቴስት ነው - ኪዩብን ወደ ሲሊንደሪካል ኮምፕረሲቭ እስትሬንግዝ ለመቀየር fck = 0.8xfcu
.
Fcd (design strength of concrete) = fck እና fcu ላብራቶሪ ውስጥ የተገኙ ውጤቶች ናቸው ነው ነገር ግን በጥራት ችግር የተነሳ ሳይት ላይ ያንን እስትሬንግዝ ሙሉ ለሙሉ ማምጣት አስቸጋሪ ነው፡፡ ስለዚህም fck እና fcu በ Partial Safety Factor እናዳክማቸዋለን፡፡ [ fcd = 0.85fck/F.s ]……………. Design strength of concrete in compression 0.85 ያስገባንበት ምክንያት ቴስት ሳምፕሉ ከእውነተኛው የኮንክሪት እስትሬንግዝ ጋር ያለውን ልዩነት ግምት ውስጥ ለማስገባት ነው
.
Fyk (characteristic yield strength of reinforcement) = የብረቱ ካራክተርስቲክ እስትሬንግዝ ነው፡፡ የፌሮ ግሬድ የሚገለፀው ማለትም S-300, S-400, Fe -415 የምንለው ይሄንን ነው
.
Fyd ( design yield strength of reinforcement) = እንደ Fcd ሁሉ ጥርጣሬዎችን ለመቅረፍ fyd ላይ partial safety factor እንጠቀማለን፡፡ ለ class I እና Class II safety factor ይለያያል
.
Fctk (characteristic tensile strength of concrete) = ከ Split Cylinder test ወይም Flexure Test ላይ ካገኘናቸው ውጤቶች ውስጥ ካራክተርስቲክ ቴንሳይል እስትሬንግዝ ነው Fctk የምንለው፡፡ ይህንን ቴስት ማድረግ የማይቻልበት ሁኔታ ካለ ከ Fck ጋር የሚያገናኛቸው ፎርሙላ EBCS 2 ላይ ስላለ ያንን መጠቀም ይቻላል፡፡ Fctk የኮንክሪቱን ኮምፕረሲቭ እስትሬንግዝ ከ8 እስከ 15 ፐርሰንት ያክላል
.
Fctd (design tensile strength of concrete) = ለዲዛይን ሲባል fctk ላይ safety factor ሲደረግበት የምናገኘው ውጤት ነው፡፡ Fctd = fctk / f.s