✅Cement's initial setting time should be 30 min(Minimum) and 90 min(maximum).
✅Final setting time of cement should be=10 hours
#share it for your beloved one✌️
👉 @engineer03
@engineer03
✅Final setting time of cement should be=10 hours
#share it for your beloved one✌️
👉 @engineer03
@engineer03
🦻🦻🦻🦻🦻Important Civil Engineer Notes👁👁
@engineer03
🤏Alignment — the route of the road, defined as a series of horizontal
tangents and curves.
🤏Adverse camber — where a road slopes towards the outside of a bend,
increasing the likelihood that vehicles travelling at speed will skid or
topple. Usually only a temporary situation during road maintenance.
🤏All-weather road — Unpaved road that is constructed of a material that
does not create mud during rainfall.
Banked turn
🤏Camber or Crown — the slope of the road surface downwards away
from the centre of the road, so that surface water can flow freely to
the edge of the carriageway, or on bends angling of the surface to lean
traffic ‘into the bend’ reducing the chance of a skid.
🤏Cant — super elevation
Cross slope the slope of the pavement, expressed as units of rise per
unit of run, or as a percentage.
🤏Grade — longitudinal slope
🤏Belisha beacon — an orange globe, lit at night, used to highlight a
pedestrian crossing.
🤏Bollard — Rigid posts that can be arranged in a line to close a road or
path to vehicles above a certain width
🤏Byway — Highway over which the public have a right to travel for
vehicular and other kinds of traffic, but is used mainly as a footpath or
bridleway
Bypass Road that avoids or “bypasses” a built-up area, town, or village
🤏Bottleneck — Section of a road with a carrying capacity substantially
below that of other sections of the same road
🤏Botts’ dots — Non-reflective raised pavement marker used on roads
🤏Cat’s eye — reflective raised pavement marker used on roads
🤏Central reservation — On dual carriageway roads, including controlled-
access highways, divided highways and many limited-access roads, the
central reservation (British English), median (North American English),
median strip (North American English and Australian English), neutral
ground [Louisiana English] or central nature strip (Australian English) —
Area that separates opposing lanes of traffic
🤏Chicane — Sequence of tight serpentine curves (usually an S-shape
curve or a bus stop)
🤏Chip seal — Road surface composed of a thin layer of crushed stone
‘chips’ and asphalt emulsion. It seals the surface and protects it from
weather, but provides no structural strength. It is cheaper than asphalt
concrete or concrete. In the United States it is usually only used on low
volume rural roads
🤏Corniche — Road on the side of a cliff or mountain, with the ground
rising on one side and falling away on the other
🤏Curb (kerb) — A raised edge at the side of the roadway.
🤏Curb extension — (also kerb extension, bulb-out, nib, elephant ear, curb
bulge and blister) Traffic calming measure, intended to slow the speed
of traffic and increase driver awareness, particularly in built-up and
residential neighborhoods.
Drainage gradient
🤏Farm-to-market road — a state road or county road that connects rural
or agricultural areas to market towns.
🤏Fork — (literally “fork in the road”) Type of intersection where a road
splits
🤏Green lane — (UK) Unsurfaced road, may be so infrequently used that
vegetation colonises freely, hence ‘green’. Many green lanes are ancient
routes that have existed for millennia.
🤏Guide rail — Prevents vehicles from veering off the road into oncoming
traffic, crashing against solid objects or falling from a road. Also called
a guard rail or traffic barrier.
🤏Gutter (UK) — a drainage channel usually at the edge of the road or
along a median.
🤏Interstate Highway System (United States) — System of Interstate and
Defense Highways
🤏Lay by (Pullout, pull-off) — A paved area beside a main road where cars
can stop temporarily to let another car pass.
🤏Loose chippings — the hazard of stone chippings that have come loose
🤏Median — On dual carriageway roads, including controlled-access
highways, divided highways and many limited-access roads, the central
reservation (British English), median (North American English), median
strip (North American English and Australian English), neutral ground
@engineer03
🤏Alignment — the route of the road, defined as a series of horizontal
tangents and curves.
🤏Adverse camber — where a road slopes towards the outside of a bend,
increasing the likelihood that vehicles travelling at speed will skid or
topple. Usually only a temporary situation during road maintenance.
🤏All-weather road — Unpaved road that is constructed of a material that
does not create mud during rainfall.
Banked turn
🤏Camber or Crown — the slope of the road surface downwards away
from the centre of the road, so that surface water can flow freely to
the edge of the carriageway, or on bends angling of the surface to lean
traffic ‘into the bend’ reducing the chance of a skid.
🤏Cant — super elevation
Cross slope the slope of the pavement, expressed as units of rise per
unit of run, or as a percentage.
🤏Grade — longitudinal slope
🤏Belisha beacon — an orange globe, lit at night, used to highlight a
pedestrian crossing.
🤏Bollard — Rigid posts that can be arranged in a line to close a road or
path to vehicles above a certain width
🤏Byway — Highway over which the public have a right to travel for
vehicular and other kinds of traffic, but is used mainly as a footpath or
bridleway
Bypass Road that avoids or “bypasses” a built-up area, town, or village
🤏Bottleneck — Section of a road with a carrying capacity substantially
below that of other sections of the same road
🤏Botts’ dots — Non-reflective raised pavement marker used on roads
🤏Cat’s eye — reflective raised pavement marker used on roads
🤏Central reservation — On dual carriageway roads, including controlled-
access highways, divided highways and many limited-access roads, the
central reservation (British English), median (North American English),
median strip (North American English and Australian English), neutral
ground [Louisiana English] or central nature strip (Australian English) —
Area that separates opposing lanes of traffic
🤏Chicane — Sequence of tight serpentine curves (usually an S-shape
curve or a bus stop)
🤏Chip seal — Road surface composed of a thin layer of crushed stone
‘chips’ and asphalt emulsion. It seals the surface and protects it from
weather, but provides no structural strength. It is cheaper than asphalt
concrete or concrete. In the United States it is usually only used on low
volume rural roads
🤏Corniche — Road on the side of a cliff or mountain, with the ground
rising on one side and falling away on the other
🤏Curb (kerb) — A raised edge at the side of the roadway.
🤏Curb extension — (also kerb extension, bulb-out, nib, elephant ear, curb
bulge and blister) Traffic calming measure, intended to slow the speed
of traffic and increase driver awareness, particularly in built-up and
residential neighborhoods.
Drainage gradient
🤏Farm-to-market road — a state road or county road that connects rural
or agricultural areas to market towns.
🤏Fork — (literally “fork in the road”) Type of intersection where a road
splits
🤏Green lane — (UK) Unsurfaced road, may be so infrequently used that
vegetation colonises freely, hence ‘green’. Many green lanes are ancient
routes that have existed for millennia.
🤏Guide rail — Prevents vehicles from veering off the road into oncoming
traffic, crashing against solid objects or falling from a road. Also called
a guard rail or traffic barrier.
🤏Gutter (UK) — a drainage channel usually at the edge of the road or
along a median.
🤏Interstate Highway System (United States) — System of Interstate and
Defense Highways
🤏Lay by (Pullout, pull-off) — A paved area beside a main road where cars
can stop temporarily to let another car pass.
🤏Loose chippings — the hazard of stone chippings that have come loose
🤏Median — On dual carriageway roads, including controlled-access
highways, divided highways and many limited-access roads, the central
reservation (British English), median (North American English), median
strip (North American English and Australian English), neutral ground
[Louisiana English] or central nature strip (Australian English) — Area
that separates opposing lanes of traffic.
🤏Mountain pass — a rel
atively low level route through a range of
mountains
🤏Milestone — one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road,
often at regular intervals, showing the distance to destinations.
🤏National Highway — Road built and maintained by a national authority.
🤏Pavemen t — The road regarded as a geoconstruction. In the UK the
term is road surface and the pavement is a pedestrian walkway
alongside the road.
🤏Pedestrian crossing — Designated point on a road where road marking
or other means helps pedestrians cross safely
🤏Pelican crossing — (officially Pelican crossing) (UK) a Pedestrian Light
Controlled crossing.
🤏Private highway — Highway owned and operated for profit by private
industry
🤏Private road — Road owned and maintained by a private individual,
organization, or company rather than by a government
🤏Profile — the vertical alignment of a road, expressed as a series of
grades, connected by parabolic curves.
🤏Public space — Place where anyone has a right to come without being
excluded because of economic or social conditions
🤏Ranch road — U.S. road that connects rural and agricultural areas to
market towns
🤏Road number — Often assigned to identify a stretch of public roads—
often dependent on the type of road, with numbers differentiating
between interstates, motorways, arterial thoroughfares, etc.
🤏Road -traffic safety — Process to reduce the harm (deaths, injuries, and
property damage) that result from vehicle crashes on public roads
🤏Roadworks — Part or the entire road is occupied for work or
maintenance
🤏Roughness — Deviations from a true planar pavement surface, which
affects vehicle suspension deflection, dynamic loading, ride quality,
surface drainage and winter operations. Roughnesses have wavelengths
ranging from 500 mm up to some 40 m. The upper limit may be as
high as 350 m when considering motion sickness aspects; motion
sickness is generated by motion with down to 0.1 Hz frequency; in an
ambulance car driving 35 m/s (126 km/h), waves with up to 350 m will
excite motion sickness.
Roundabout (UK) a road junction where typically three or more roads
are joined by a circular section of road. Traffic ‘on the roundabout’ has
priority over traffic on approach roads, unless indicated otherwise. In
countries where traffic drives on the left the roundabout is travelled in a
clockwise direction. Also known as an island in parts of the UK.
🤏Shoulder (also hard shoulder) — A clear, level area to the side of the
roadway available for stopping if needed.
🤏State highway — Road numbered by the state, falling below numbered
national highways (like U.S. Routes) in the hierarchy or a road
maintained by the state, including nationally-numbered highways
🤏Traffic — Pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, bicycles, and
other conveyances using any road for purposes of travel.
🤏Texture (roads ) — Deviations from a true planar pavement surface,
which affects the interaction between road and tire. Micro textures
have wavelengths below 0.5 mm, Macro texture below 50 mm and
Mega texture below 500 mm.
🤏Traffic calming — Set of strategies used by urban planners and traffic
engineers to slow down or reduce motor vehicle traffic, thereby
improving safety for pedestrians and bicyclists and improving the
environment for residents
🤏Traffic island — (UK) a small raised area used to help define the traffic
flow, which may also act as a refuge for pedestrians crossing the
carriageway or a location for signs, barriers or lights—a synonym for
roundabout in some parts of the UK
🤏Traffic light — Also known as a traffic signal, stop light, stop-and-go
🤏lights—a signaling device at a road intersection, pedestrian crossing, or
other location that assigns right of way to different approaches to an
intersection
🤏Zebra crossing (UK ) — a pedestrian crossing marked by black and white
stripes on the carriageway
that separates opposing lanes of traffic.
🤏Mountain pass — a rel
atively low level route through a range of
mountains
🤏Milestone — one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road,
often at regular intervals, showing the distance to destinations.
🤏National Highway — Road built and maintained by a national authority.
🤏Pavemen t — The road regarded as a geoconstruction. In the UK the
term is road surface and the pavement is a pedestrian walkway
alongside the road.
🤏Pedestrian crossing — Designated point on a road where road marking
or other means helps pedestrians cross safely
🤏Pelican crossing — (officially Pelican crossing) (UK) a Pedestrian Light
Controlled crossing.
🤏Private highway — Highway owned and operated for profit by private
industry
🤏Private road — Road owned and maintained by a private individual,
organization, or company rather than by a government
🤏Profile — the vertical alignment of a road, expressed as a series of
grades, connected by parabolic curves.
🤏Public space — Place where anyone has a right to come without being
excluded because of economic or social conditions
🤏Ranch road — U.S. road that connects rural and agricultural areas to
market towns
🤏Road number — Often assigned to identify a stretch of public roads—
often dependent on the type of road, with numbers differentiating
between interstates, motorways, arterial thoroughfares, etc.
🤏Road -traffic safety — Process to reduce the harm (deaths, injuries, and
property damage) that result from vehicle crashes on public roads
🤏Roadworks — Part or the entire road is occupied for work or
maintenance
🤏Roughness — Deviations from a true planar pavement surface, which
affects vehicle suspension deflection, dynamic loading, ride quality,
surface drainage and winter operations. Roughnesses have wavelengths
ranging from 500 mm up to some 40 m. The upper limit may be as
high as 350 m when considering motion sickness aspects; motion
sickness is generated by motion with down to 0.1 Hz frequency; in an
ambulance car driving 35 m/s (126 km/h), waves with up to 350 m will
excite motion sickness.
Roundabout (UK) a road junction where typically three or more roads
are joined by a circular section of road. Traffic ‘on the roundabout’ has
priority over traffic on approach roads, unless indicated otherwise. In
countries where traffic drives on the left the roundabout is travelled in a
clockwise direction. Also known as an island in parts of the UK.
🤏Shoulder (also hard shoulder) — A clear, level area to the side of the
roadway available for stopping if needed.
🤏State highway — Road numbered by the state, falling below numbered
national highways (like U.S. Routes) in the hierarchy or a road
maintained by the state, including nationally-numbered highways
🤏Traffic — Pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, bicycles, and
other conveyances using any road for purposes of travel.
🤏Texture (roads ) — Deviations from a true planar pavement surface,
which affects the interaction between road and tire. Micro textures
have wavelengths below 0.5 mm, Macro texture below 50 mm and
Mega texture below 500 mm.
🤏Traffic calming — Set of strategies used by urban planners and traffic
engineers to slow down or reduce motor vehicle traffic, thereby
improving safety for pedestrians and bicyclists and improving the
environment for residents
🤏Traffic island — (UK) a small raised area used to help define the traffic
flow, which may also act as a refuge for pedestrians crossing the
carriageway or a location for signs, barriers or lights—a synonym for
roundabout in some parts of the UK
🤏Traffic light — Also known as a traffic signal, stop light, stop-and-go
🤏lights—a signaling device at a road intersection, pedestrian crossing, or
other location that assigns right of way to different approaches to an
intersection
🤏Zebra crossing (UK ) — a pedestrian crossing marked by black and white
stripes on the carriageway
😳👌Hello Dear Members,
As per your request working on projects in detail,
we ll start Etabs 👇👇👇
👇join here👇
@engineer03
@engineer03
#share it
👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇
As per your request working on projects in detail,
we ll start Etabs 👇👇👇
👇join here👇
@engineer03
@engineer03
#share it
👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇
👉ስለ መሰንጠቅ (cracking )
.
⏩ብዙ የኮንስትራክሽን ባለሞያዎች መሰንጠቅ በMix design ትክክል አለመሆን ብቻ የሚመጣ ይመስላቸዋል ነገር ግን ለመሰንጠቅ (cracking ) ምክንያት የሚሆኑ መንስኤዎችን ከዚህ በታች እንዲህ ዳስሰናል👇 ⚡መልካም ንባብ!
.
[፩] - አነስተኛ ጥራት ያላቸውን ቁሶች የምንጠቀም ከሆነ
.
*አነስተኛ ጥራት ያላቸውን ቁሶች የምንጠቀም ከሆነ መሰንጠቅ (cracking ) ይፈጠራል ስለዚህ የምንጠቀማቸውን ለኮንክሪት ግብዓት የሚሆኑ ቁሶችን (ሲሚንቶ፣ አሸዋ፣ ኮረኮንች) ጥራት መፈተሽ አለብን ኮንክሪቱ የብረት መዋቅር (reinforcement ) ያለው ከሆነ የብረቱን ጥራት መገምገም አለብን።
.
[፪] - መኮማተር (Shrinkage )
.
*ኮንክሪቱን በምንደባልቅበት እና ውሃ በምናጠጣበት ግዜ (Curing ) ተገቢውን ጥንቃቄ ካልወሰድን መኮማተር (shrinkage) መሰንጠቅን(cracking) ያስከትላል ።
መኮማተር (shrinkage) ለትልቅ የኮንክሪት ጥንካሬ በጣም አስፈላጊ ነው አስፈላጊውን የውሃ-ሲሚንቶ መመዛዘን (water cement ratio) ካልተጠቀምን በመኮማተር አማካኝነት መሰንጠቅ ሊፈጠር ይችላል ።
.
[፫] - ጥራት ያለው Aggregate የማንጠቀም ከሆነ
.
*Aggregate የኮንክሪትን አጠቃላይ ጥንካሬ ይወስንልናል ጥራቱ ጥሩ ያልሆነ Aggregate የምንጠቀም ከሆነ ከሲሚንቶ ጋር ተፈላጊውን ጥምረት (bond) ስለማይፈጥር ግንባታችን ሊሰነጠቅ ይችላል።
.
[፬] - መዋቅራችን ከአቅም በላይ የሆነ ክብደት ሲያስተናግድ
.
*ግንባታው / መዋቅሩ ተገቢውን ጥንካሬ ሳያገኝ በፊት ለትልቅ ክብደት የሚጋለጥ ከሆነ መሰንጠቅ ይከሰታል። በተጨማሪም መቀሰቻዎችን እና ቅስቱን (formwork ) ያለጊዜው የሚነሳ ከሆነም ግንባታችንን ለስንጣቆ ያጋልጠዋል።
.
[፭] - በትክክል ውሃ እንዲጠጣ የማይደረግ ከሆነ (improper curing )
.
*ይህ በአገራችን ከሚስተዋሉ ለመሰንጠቅ ከሚዳርጉ ምክንያቶች ቀዳሚው ነው - ውሃ በትክክል አለማጠጣት።
ኮንክሪት እንደተገነባ በተገቢው ጊዜ እና መጠን ውሃ ሊጠጣት አለበት ።
«ወንድና ሲሚንቶ ካልጠጣ ይሰነጠቃል» አይደል ሚሉት ሰካራም ወንዶች😂
.
[፮] - የውጥረት ስርጭት (stress distribution ) አለመመጣጠን
.
*በጣም ትልቅ የሆነ የብረት መዋቅርን Mix ratio ትንሽ በሆነ ኮንክሪት የሙሌት ስራ ስንሰራ በብረቱ እና በኮንክሪቱ መካከል ያለ የውጥረት ስርጭት (stress distribution ) non linear ይሆናል ይህ ደግሞ መሰንጠቅን ያስከትላል።
.
[፯] - በሳይት ላይ የሙሌት (casting ) ስራ ሲሰራ ተገቢ ጥንቃቄ ካልተደረገ እና ለስራው ተገቢ የሆነ ባለሞያ (የቀን ሰራተኛን ጨምሮ) ካልተመደበ መሰንጠቅ (cracking) በሚሰራው ኮንክሪት ላይ መፈጠሩ አይቀርም።
.
ለሁሉም እንዲዳረስ ፖስቶቹን SHARE አድርጉልን።. @engineer03
.
⏩ብዙ የኮንስትራክሽን ባለሞያዎች መሰንጠቅ በMix design ትክክል አለመሆን ብቻ የሚመጣ ይመስላቸዋል ነገር ግን ለመሰንጠቅ (cracking ) ምክንያት የሚሆኑ መንስኤዎችን ከዚህ በታች እንዲህ ዳስሰናል👇 ⚡መልካም ንባብ!
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[፩] - አነስተኛ ጥራት ያላቸውን ቁሶች የምንጠቀም ከሆነ
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*አነስተኛ ጥራት ያላቸውን ቁሶች የምንጠቀም ከሆነ መሰንጠቅ (cracking ) ይፈጠራል ስለዚህ የምንጠቀማቸውን ለኮንክሪት ግብዓት የሚሆኑ ቁሶችን (ሲሚንቶ፣ አሸዋ፣ ኮረኮንች) ጥራት መፈተሽ አለብን ኮንክሪቱ የብረት መዋቅር (reinforcement ) ያለው ከሆነ የብረቱን ጥራት መገምገም አለብን።
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[፪] - መኮማተር (Shrinkage )
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*ኮንክሪቱን በምንደባልቅበት እና ውሃ በምናጠጣበት ግዜ (Curing ) ተገቢውን ጥንቃቄ ካልወሰድን መኮማተር (shrinkage) መሰንጠቅን(cracking) ያስከትላል ።
መኮማተር (shrinkage) ለትልቅ የኮንክሪት ጥንካሬ በጣም አስፈላጊ ነው አስፈላጊውን የውሃ-ሲሚንቶ መመዛዘን (water cement ratio) ካልተጠቀምን በመኮማተር አማካኝነት መሰንጠቅ ሊፈጠር ይችላል ።
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[፫] - ጥራት ያለው Aggregate የማንጠቀም ከሆነ
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*Aggregate የኮንክሪትን አጠቃላይ ጥንካሬ ይወስንልናል ጥራቱ ጥሩ ያልሆነ Aggregate የምንጠቀም ከሆነ ከሲሚንቶ ጋር ተፈላጊውን ጥምረት (bond) ስለማይፈጥር ግንባታችን ሊሰነጠቅ ይችላል።
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[፬] - መዋቅራችን ከአቅም በላይ የሆነ ክብደት ሲያስተናግድ
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*ግንባታው / መዋቅሩ ተገቢውን ጥንካሬ ሳያገኝ በፊት ለትልቅ ክብደት የሚጋለጥ ከሆነ መሰንጠቅ ይከሰታል። በተጨማሪም መቀሰቻዎችን እና ቅስቱን (formwork ) ያለጊዜው የሚነሳ ከሆነም ግንባታችንን ለስንጣቆ ያጋልጠዋል።
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[፭] - በትክክል ውሃ እንዲጠጣ የማይደረግ ከሆነ (improper curing )
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*ይህ በአገራችን ከሚስተዋሉ ለመሰንጠቅ ከሚዳርጉ ምክንያቶች ቀዳሚው ነው - ውሃ በትክክል አለማጠጣት።
ኮንክሪት እንደተገነባ በተገቢው ጊዜ እና መጠን ውሃ ሊጠጣት አለበት ።
«ወንድና ሲሚንቶ ካልጠጣ ይሰነጠቃል» አይደል ሚሉት ሰካራም ወንዶች😂
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[፮] - የውጥረት ስርጭት (stress distribution ) አለመመጣጠን
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*በጣም ትልቅ የሆነ የብረት መዋቅርን Mix ratio ትንሽ በሆነ ኮንክሪት የሙሌት ስራ ስንሰራ በብረቱ እና በኮንክሪቱ መካከል ያለ የውጥረት ስርጭት (stress distribution ) non linear ይሆናል ይህ ደግሞ መሰንጠቅን ያስከትላል።
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[፯] - በሳይት ላይ የሙሌት (casting ) ስራ ሲሰራ ተገቢ ጥንቃቄ ካልተደረገ እና ለስራው ተገቢ የሆነ ባለሞያ (የቀን ሰራተኛን ጨምሮ) ካልተመደበ መሰንጠቅ (cracking) በሚሰራው ኮንክሪት ላይ መፈጠሩ አይቀርም።
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ለሁሉም እንዲዳረስ ፖስቶቹን SHARE አድርጉልን።. @engineer03
👉ዛሬ ደሞ ስለ Weir ትንሽ እናካፍላቹ
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*በምስሉ ላይ እንደሚታየው የዊር ዋና አገልግሎት ውሀውን
በምንፈልገው ጥልቀት በመገደብ በላይኛው ተፋሰስ (Upstream side) ውሀው እንዲከማች ማድረግ ነው፡፡
ቀሪውም ውሀ በዊሩ አናት ላይ ወይም በር/ Gate በማዘጋጀት
እንዲፈስ እናደርገዋለን፡፡
➡የዊር ጥቅም
1. Flood Control - የምንፈልገውን ያህል ጥልቀት ውሃውን ስለምንገድበው በታችኛው ተፋሰስ/ Downstream ጎርፍ ይቀንሳል፡፡
2. Flow Measurement - የዊሩ ዳይሜንሽን ስለሚታወቅ
የወንዙን Discharge በቀላሉ ማወቅ እንችላለን፡፡ ((( Q=
CLH^n )))
3. የተጠራቀመውን ውሀ divert በማድረግ ለእርሻና ለተለያዩ
አገልግሎቶች መጠቀም እንችላለን፡፡
4. ወንዙ ለውሃ ላይ ትራንስፖርት አመቺ እንዲሆን ያደርጋል ፣
የተለያዩ የሚሰደዱ የአሳ ዝርያዎችን እንዳያልፉ ይገድባል
ወዘተ..
➡ የዊር ጉዳት
1. የወንዙን ሁኔታ ሙሉ ለሙሉ ይቀይረዋል
2. Siltation
3. አሳዎቹ የመንቀሳቀስ መብታቸውን ይገድባል ... Fish
Ladder ሊያስፈልግ ይችላል፡፡
4. ዊሩ አካባቢ ውሃው የተረጋጋ ቢመስልም ለዋና/
ለትራንስፖርት አስቸጋሪ ቦታ ነው ሀይድሮሊክ ጃምፕም ይኖራል
➡ የዊር አይነቶች
Polynomial, V - notch, Broad Crested, Compound,
Gated/ Ungated, etc.
Polynomial - የዊሩ ቅርፅ በፓሊኖሚያል equation
ስለሚሠራ ነው V- notch : ዊሩ መሀሉ በ V ቅርፅ ተቆርጦ ወጥቷል፡፡ ይህ በመሆኑም በኖርማል ፍሰት ጊዜ ውሃው በዛ ይፈሳል:: በቅርፁም ምክ/ት discharge ለማግኘት ይቀለናል፡፡ ፎቶው ኮመንት መስጫው ላይ አለ Broad Crested - ጠፍጣፋ የሆነ አናት ወይም flat crest አለው፡፡ በፎቶ የሚታየው እሡ ነው
Compound : የተለያዩ የዊር አይነቶችን አንድ ላይ የያዘ ነው።
ለሁሉም እንዲዳረስ ፖስቶቹን SHARE አድርጉልን።
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Join for more updates via the link below;
t.me/engineer03
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.
*በምስሉ ላይ እንደሚታየው የዊር ዋና አገልግሎት ውሀውን
በምንፈልገው ጥልቀት በመገደብ በላይኛው ተፋሰስ (Upstream side) ውሀው እንዲከማች ማድረግ ነው፡፡
ቀሪውም ውሀ በዊሩ አናት ላይ ወይም በር/ Gate በማዘጋጀት
እንዲፈስ እናደርገዋለን፡፡
➡የዊር ጥቅም
1. Flood Control - የምንፈልገውን ያህል ጥልቀት ውሃውን ስለምንገድበው በታችኛው ተፋሰስ/ Downstream ጎርፍ ይቀንሳል፡፡
2. Flow Measurement - የዊሩ ዳይሜንሽን ስለሚታወቅ
የወንዙን Discharge በቀላሉ ማወቅ እንችላለን፡፡ ((( Q=
CLH^n )))
3. የተጠራቀመውን ውሀ divert በማድረግ ለእርሻና ለተለያዩ
አገልግሎቶች መጠቀም እንችላለን፡፡
4. ወንዙ ለውሃ ላይ ትራንስፖርት አመቺ እንዲሆን ያደርጋል ፣
የተለያዩ የሚሰደዱ የአሳ ዝርያዎችን እንዳያልፉ ይገድባል
ወዘተ..
➡ የዊር ጉዳት
1. የወንዙን ሁኔታ ሙሉ ለሙሉ ይቀይረዋል
2. Siltation
3. አሳዎቹ የመንቀሳቀስ መብታቸውን ይገድባል ... Fish
Ladder ሊያስፈልግ ይችላል፡፡
4. ዊሩ አካባቢ ውሃው የተረጋጋ ቢመስልም ለዋና/
ለትራንስፖርት አስቸጋሪ ቦታ ነው ሀይድሮሊክ ጃምፕም ይኖራል
➡ የዊር አይነቶች
Polynomial, V - notch, Broad Crested, Compound,
Gated/ Ungated, etc.
Polynomial - የዊሩ ቅርፅ በፓሊኖሚያል equation
ስለሚሠራ ነው V- notch : ዊሩ መሀሉ በ V ቅርፅ ተቆርጦ ወጥቷል፡፡ ይህ በመሆኑም በኖርማል ፍሰት ጊዜ ውሃው በዛ ይፈሳል:: በቅርፁም ምክ/ት discharge ለማግኘት ይቀለናል፡፡ ፎቶው ኮመንት መስጫው ላይ አለ Broad Crested - ጠፍጣፋ የሆነ አናት ወይም flat crest አለው፡፡ በፎቶ የሚታየው እሡ ነው
Compound : የተለያዩ የዊር አይነቶችን አንድ ላይ የያዘ ነው።
ለሁሉም እንዲዳረስ ፖስቶቹን SHARE አድርጉልን።
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Civil Engineering
*ለሲቪል ; ለአርክቴክቶች÷ለኮንስትራክሽን ÷ ለሀይድሮሊክ መሀንዲሶች እና ተማሪዎች የተዘጋጀ ትምህርታዊ ቻናል ፡፡
@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
╯▅╰╱▔▔▔▔▔▔▔╲╯╯☼
▕▕╱╱╱╱╱╱╱╱┛▂╲╲╭
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@engineer03
http://www.Indiabix.com በዚህ ደግሞ ማንኛውንም ጥያቄና መልስ ታገኛላችሁ!
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