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💢💢The Hindu Editorial with Vocab - 20th JUNE

Monsoon jitters: On rain deficit and droughts

The monsoon landed early in Kerala, three days ahead of the normal date of June 1. The journey upward of its western branch has since then been timely but lacking in vigour. The latest IMD figures suggest that the monsoon is running an 8% deficit. Central India, which has the largest swathe of land dependent on rainfed agriculture, has only got 52% of the rain that is due; the southern peninsula has a 22% deficit. Only India’s east and north-eastern parts are battling the diametrically opposite problem of too much rain, with floods in Assam and Meghalaya submerging entire villages. The northwest of India, where the monsoon is yet to arrive, and reeling under a series of heatwaves, is battling a rainfall deficit of 33%. The monsoon rainfall is critical to kharif sowing and so a faltering June has raised concerns in several quarters. However, there is little to be worried about at this juncture. June rainfall, particularly in the first fortnight, is historically patchy and contributes less than 18% of the monsoon rainfall. Meteorologists maintain that there is no correlation of the timing and advent of the monsoon rainfall with its eventual performance. Because of the large variance inherent in June rainfall, the IMD has historically chosen not to issue forecasts for the month, unlike for July and August. The latter two are considered the key monsoon months and responsible for supplying nearly two-thirds of the monsoon rains. Episodes of drought in India and those that are linked to agricultural failures are when the monsoon fails in these two months.

In fact, the real worry that lingers over the horizon is rainfall in July and August. On May 31, as part of its updated forecast, the IMD gave an optimistic picture. The June to September rainfall over the country was likely to be 103% of the Long Period Average, and central India was likely to get “above normal” rainfall as was the southern peninsula. The monsoon core zone, which consists of most of the rainfed agriculture regions, too is expected to receive “above normal” rain. In previous years, there has been a pattern of ‘normal’ and ‘above normal’ rains being forecast only for them to dry up for large periods in July and August, followed by a sudden surge in September. This pattern may help deliver the numbers but is not always beneficial for kharif sowing. The expectations of a good monsoon are premised on the persistence of a La Niña, the converse of the El Niño and characterised by a cooling of the Central Pacific waters. However, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), another index of significance to the monsoon, is expected to be negative. Whether the La Niña can compensate for the dampening of the IOD remains to be seen.


CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
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1. Swathe (N)- a large area of land.

2. ReeI Under (Phrasal Verb)- to struggle to deal with some oppressive or difficult burden or responsibility.

3. Juncture (N)- a particular point in events or time. अवसर

4. Fortnight (N)- a period of two weeks. दो सप्ताह का समय

5. Patchy (Adj)- only existing or happening in some parts.

6. Linger (V)- stay in a place longer than necessary because of a reluctance to leave.

7. Dry Up (Phrasal Verb)- to no longer exist or be available.

8. Premise On (Idiom)- based on (a particular idea or belief).
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1.DEPRIVED (ADJECTIVE): (वंचित): disadvantaged
Synonyms: underprivileged, poverty
Antonyms: fortunate
Example Sentence:
The charity cares for destitute and deprived children.

2.ELUSIVE (ADJECTIVE): (पकड़ में न आने वाला): evasive
Synonyms: slippery, shifty
Antonyms: accessible
Example Sentence:
Success has become even more elusive now.

3.THRILL (VERB): (रोमांचित करना): excite
Synonyms: stimulate, arouse
Antonyms: bore
Example Sentence:
Frankly, jumping off a cliff doesn't thrill me at all.

4.CONFISCATE (VERB): (ज़ब्त करना): impound
Synonyms: seize, commandeer
Antonyms: return
Example Sentence:
The guards immediately confiscated his camera.

5.NEGLIGENCE (NOUN): (लापरवाही): carelessness
Synonyms: dereliction of duty, neglect
Antonyms: conscientiousness
Example Sentence:
She got injured due to the negligence of his employers.

6.PLAUSIBLE (ADJECTIVE): (विश्वसनीय): credible
Synonyms: reasonable, believable
Antonyms: unlikely
Example Sentence:
He gave a plausible explanation of how he got into acting.

7.PERTINENT (ADJECTIVE):(प्रासंगिक): relevant
Synonyms: to the point, apposite
Antonyms: irrelevant
Example Sentence:
She asked me a lot of pertinent questions.

8.CONFINE (VERB): (सीमित करना): enclose
Synonyms: incarcerate, imprison
Antonyms: release
Example Sentence:
He does not confine his message to high politics.

9.PRONOUNCED (ADJECTIVE): (स्पष्ट): noticeable
Synonyms: marked, strong
Antonyms: faint
Example Sentence:
She had a pronounced squint.

10.LAPSE (VERB): (अवधि समाप्त होना): expire
Synonyms: run out, terminate
Antonyms: current
Example Sentence:
He let his membership of CND lapse.
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1.UNCERTAINTY (NOUN): (अनिश्चितता): unpredictability
Synonyms: unreliability, precariousness
Antonyms: certainty
Example Sentence:
These are times of uncertainty and danger.

2.RESUMPTION (NOUN): (पुनरारंभ): restart
Synonyms: restarting, reopening
Antonyms: suspension
Example Sentence:
With a resumption of her former manner, she turned back to her husband.

3.SPARK (VERB): (कारण होना): give rise to
Synonyms: cause, set in motion
Antonyms: bring to an end
Example Sentence:
The unexpected trial sparked a furious row.

4.INSTANTLY (ADVERB): (तत्काल): immediately
Synonyms: at once, straight away
Antonyms: eventually
Example Sentence:
She fell asleep almost instantly.

5.INTRINSIC (ADJECTIVE): (आंतरिक): inherent
Synonyms: innate, inborn
Antonyms: extrinsic
Example Sentence:
Access to the arts is intrinsic to a high quality of life.

6.STIMULATE (VERB): (उकसाना): encourage
Synonyms: prompt, prod
Antonyms: discourage
Example Sentence:
The reader could not fail to be stimulated by the ideas presented.

7.CONSOLIDATE (VERB): (मजबूत करना): strengthen
Synonyms: secure, stabilize
Antonyms: weaken
Example Sentence:
The company consolidated its position in the international market.

8.ADORABLE (ADJECTIVE): (प्यारा): lovable
Synonyms: appealing, charming
Antonyms: hateful
Example Sentence:
I have four adorable Siamese cats.

9.HUMANITARIAN (ADJECTIVE): (मानवीय): compassionate
Synonyms: humane, unselfish
Antonyms: selfish
Example Sentence:
NGOs send humanitarian aid to all.

10.TUSSLE (NOUN): (संघर्ष): scuffle
Synonyms: fight, struggle
Antonyms: accord
Example Sentence:
There was a tussle for the ball
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1.EXCLUSIVE (ADJECTIVE): (पूर्ण): complete
Synonyms: full, entire
Antonyms: partial
Example Sentence:
The company had exclusive focus on success and making money.

2.SUBVERT (VERB): (व्‍यवस्‍था भंग करना): destabilize
Synonyms: unsettle, overthrow
Antonyms: keep
Example Sentence:
An attempt was made to subvert democratic government.

3.PRECAUTIONARY (ADJECTIVE): (निवारक): preventative
Synonyms: preventive, safety
Antonyms: indifferent
Example Sentence:
We took her to hospital as a precautionary measure.

4.URGE (VERB): (अनुरोध करना): encourage
Synonyms: enjoin, adjure
Antonyms: discourage
Example Sentence:
Drawing up outside, he urged her inside.

5.GROUNDBREAKING (ADJECTIVE): (अभूतपूर्व): innovative
Synonyms: pioneering, advanced
Antonyms: conservative
Example Sentence:
Groundbreaking research has been done to look into fertility problems

6.INTENSIVE (ADJECTIVE): (गहन): thorough
Synonyms: in-depth, concentrated
Antonyms: superficial
Example Sentence:
She undertook an intensive Arabic course.

7.WANE (VERB): (कम होना): decrease
Synonyms: decline, diminish
Antonyms: increase
Example Sentence:
Confidence in the dollar has waned.

8.GHASTLY (ADJECTIVE): (भयंकर): terrible
Synonyms: frightful, horrible
Antonyms: pleasant
Example Sentence:
It was one of the most ghastly crimes ever committed.

9.BLEND (VERB): (मिश्रित करना): mix
Synonyms: mingle, combine
Antonyms: clash
Example Sentence:
Blend the cornflour with a tablespoon of water to get a perfect mixture.

10.LAPSE (VERB): (बिगड़ना): deteriorate
Synonyms: decline, fall
Antonyms: improve
Example Sentence:
The country has now lapsed into chaos.
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💢💢The Hindu Editorial with Vocab - 24th JUNE

Tiger by the tail: On the rebellion in the Shiv Sena

With a majority of the party legislators joining a rebellion led by Eknath Shinde, the Shiv Sena appears to be slipping out of the control of its chief and Maharashtra Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray. The Maha Vikas Aghadi (MVA), the ruling tripartite alliance of the Shiv Sena, Congress and the  Nationalist Congress Party (NCP), is unravelling, and it is unclear what will take its place. The Congress and the NCP have pledged the continuation of their support to Mr. Thackeray, who has in turn expressed his willingness to step aside in favour of another leader from the party. The Congress has even offered to provide outside support to the government should it help the Sena put its house in order. Mr. Shinde, until he turned rebel, was a key Sena leader, and has couched his rebellion in ideological terms; the Sena has drifted away from its Hindutva moorings by aligning with the NCP and the Congress, according to him. Mr. Thackeray has responded by reiterating his steadfast commitment to Hindutva, in an emotional appeal to party MLAs to stay together. But that seems to have done little to soothe frayed nerves in the party, and more leaders are flocking to the rebel tent. The MVA alliance was formed after months of political machinations, including the dramatic swearing-in of a short-lived government of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and a section of the NCP that returned to the party quickly. The BJP is waiting for the opportune moment to make its next move, after using its governments in Gujarat and Assam to abet the revolt.

The Sena severed its ties with long-term partner BJP, even overlooking their ideological bonding of Hindutva to reclaim its eroding primacy in State politics. Despite the ideological mismatch among the allies, the MVA partners had compulsions to stay united — until the resentment within the Sena snowballed to challenge the authority of the Thackeray family. This crisis has been in the making for a long time, and the CM’s blind trust in the loyalty of his warriors has turned out to be misplaced. To be fair, these MLAs had been complaining about lack of access to the Chief Minister and his son and Minister Aaditya Thackeray. The junior Thackeray’s attempts to reshape the party as more palatable to the upper-class sensibilities disturbed the rustic, often restive party base that used to be kept on a constant boil by his grandfather and party founder Bal Thackeray. Mr. Shinde is one of the very few mass leaders in Sena, after the Thackerays. He is perceived to be accessible, and holds sway in two districts neighbouring Mumbai, almost six municipal corporations and an equal number of smaller local bodies. He felt sidelined in the new scheme of things, and was waiting for the right opportunity to strike. The Sena is at a crossroads and could even head to a dead end.


CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
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1. Step Aside (Phrasal Verb)- to step sideways to make a space for someone else.

2. Rebel (N)- a person who rises in opposition or armed resistance against an established government or leader. विद्रोही

3. Couch (V)- to be expressed a particular way.

4. Reiterate (V)- say something again or a number of times, typically for emphasis or clarity.

5. Steadfast (Adj)- resolutely or dutifully firm and unwavering. दृढ़, अडीग

6. Frayed (Adj)- used to describe someone's mood when they are feeling worried, upset, or annoyed.

7. Flocking (V)- to move or come together in large numbers. एकत्र होना

8. Snowball (V)- to grow quickly in size or importance.

9. Palatable (Adj)- (of an action or proposal) acceptable or satisfactory.

10. Hold Sway (Phrase)- to control an area.
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1. EXTERMINATE (VERB): (विनाश करना): destroy
Synonyms: do away with put an end to
Antonyms: build
Example Sentence:
After exterminating the entire population, the soldiers set fire to the buildings.

2.DEFER (VERB): (योग्यता स्वीकार करना): yield
Synonyms: submit, give way
Antonyms: stand up to
Example Sentence:
He deferred to Teresa's superior knowledge.

3.DISCERNIBLE (ADJECTIVE): (नमूदार): visible
Synonyms: detectable, perceptible
Antonyms: imperceptible
Example Sentence:
The scandal had no discernible effect on his career.

4. ABROGATE (VERB): (अभिनिषेध करना): repeal
Synonyms: repudiate, revoke
Antonyms: institute
Example Sentence:
A proposal to abrogate temporarily the right to strike.

5.HURL (VERB): (वेग से फेंकना): throw
Synonyms: toss, fling
Antonyms: catch
Example Sentence:
Rioters hurled a brick through the windscreen.

6.MAVERICK (NOUN): (व्यक्तिवादी): individualist
Synonyms: nonconformist, free spirit
Antonyms: conformist
Example Sentence:
He's the maverick of the senate.

7.DEJECTION (NOUN): (विषाद): despondency
Synonyms: depression, disappointment
Antonyms: happiness
Example Sentence:
He was slumped in deep dejection.

8.REBUT (VERB): (खंडन करना): refute
Synonyms: deny, disprove
Antonyms: confirm
Example Sentence:
He had to rebut charges of acting for the convenience of his political friends.

9. CITE (NOUN): (उद्धरण देना): quote
Synonyms: reproduce, mention
Antonyms: conceal
Example Sentence:
Authors who are highly regarded by their peers tend to be cited.

10. BOOST (VERB): (बढ़ाना): improve
Synonyms: raise, uplift
Antonyms: decrease
Example Sentence:
A range of measures boosted tourism.
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1.PALLIATIVE (ADJECTIVE): (पीड़ा हटानेवाला): soothing
Synonyms: alleviating, sedative
Antonyms: intensifying
Example Sentence:
Many old medicines are only palliative.

2.RESILIENT (ADJECTIVE): (स्थिति-स्थापक): strong
Synonyms: tough, hardy
Antonyms: vulnerable
Example Sentence:
Babies are generally far more resilient than new parents realize.

3.DISMAL (ADJECTIVE): (विषादपूर्ण): gloomy
Synonyms: glum, mournful
Antonyms: cheerful
Example Sentence:
His dismal mood was not dispelled by finding the house empty.

4.TENACIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (दृढ़): firm
Synonyms: tight, strong
Antonyms: loose
Example Sentence:
He had a tenacious grip on the rope so as to win.

5. EMBOLDEN (VERB): (प्रोत्साहित करना): encourage
Synonyms: hearten strengthen
Antonyms: discourage
Example Sentence:
Emboldened by the claret, he killed her.

6. CONSUMMATE (ADJECTIVE): (उत्तम): perfect
Synonyms: exemplary, supreme
Antonyms: imperfect
Example Sentence:
She dressed with consummate elegance.

7. PRESUMPTIVE (ADJECTIVE): (प्रकल्पित): conjectural
Synonyms: speculative, tentative
Antonyms: definitive
Example Sentence:
His was a presumptive diagnosis.

8. PARAMOUNT (ADJECTIVE): (प्रमुख महत्त्व का): uppermost
Synonyms: supreme, chief
Antonyms: subordinate
Example Sentence:
The interests of the child are paramount.

9.PROVISIONAL (ADJECTIVE): (अनंतिम): interim
Synonyms: temporary, pro tem
Antonyms: permanent
Example Sentence:
It was a provisional government.

10.ISOLATION (NOUN): (अलगाव): separation
Synonyms: segregation, setting apart
Antonyms: contact
Example Sentence:
Isolation from family and friends may also contribute to anxiety.
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