EK DUM BASIC
5_6109475212011505073.pdf
🔰The Hindu Vocabulary For All Competitive Exams | 03-06-2022🔰
1. AGITATE (VERB): (उत्तेजित करना): upset
Synonyms: perturb, fluster
Antonyms: calm
Example Sentence:
The thought of questioning Tony agitated him extremely.
2. CAPRICIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (मनमौजी): fickle
Synonyms: inconstant, changeable
Antonyms: stable
Example Sentence:
It's terrible to feel our livelihood hinges on a capricious boss.
3. IMPART (VERB): (प्रदान करना): communicate
Synonyms: pass on, convey
Antonyms: keep to oneself
Example Sentence:
The teachers imparted a great deal of knowledge to their pupils.
4. ABSURDITY (NOUN): (अर्थहीनता): idiocy
Synonyms: ridiculousness, stupidity
Antonyms: reasonableness
Example Sentence:
I laughed at the absurdity of the situation.
5. IMPERIL (VERB): (संकट में डालना): endanger
Synonyms: jeopardize, risk
Antonyms: safeguard
Example Sentence:
They advised against tax increases for fear of imperiling the recovery.
6. PERTURB (VERB): (घबड़ा देना): worry
Synonyms: upset, unsettle
Antonyms: reassure
Example Sentence:
They were perturbed by her rude behavior.
7. RESILIENT (ADJECTIVE): (प्रबल): strong
Synonyms: tough, hardy
Antonyms: vulnerable
Example Sentence:
Babies are generally far more resilient than new parents realize.
8. MODERATION (NOUN): (आत्मसंयम): self-restraint
Synonyms: restraint, self-control
Antonyms: extremism
Example Sentence:
He urged them to show moderation.
9. PREFATORY (ADJECTIVE): (प्रारंभिक): introductory
Synonyms: preliminary, opening
Antonyms: final
Example Sentence:
His prefatory remarks the author claims that
10. AFFRONT (VERB): (अपमान करना): insult
Synonyms: offend, outrage
Antonyms: compliment
Example Sentence:
She was affronted by his familiarity.
1. AGITATE (VERB): (उत्तेजित करना): upset
Synonyms: perturb, fluster
Antonyms: calm
Example Sentence:
The thought of questioning Tony agitated him extremely.
2. CAPRICIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (मनमौजी): fickle
Synonyms: inconstant, changeable
Antonyms: stable
Example Sentence:
It's terrible to feel our livelihood hinges on a capricious boss.
3. IMPART (VERB): (प्रदान करना): communicate
Synonyms: pass on, convey
Antonyms: keep to oneself
Example Sentence:
The teachers imparted a great deal of knowledge to their pupils.
4. ABSURDITY (NOUN): (अर्थहीनता): idiocy
Synonyms: ridiculousness, stupidity
Antonyms: reasonableness
Example Sentence:
I laughed at the absurdity of the situation.
5. IMPERIL (VERB): (संकट में डालना): endanger
Synonyms: jeopardize, risk
Antonyms: safeguard
Example Sentence:
They advised against tax increases for fear of imperiling the recovery.
6. PERTURB (VERB): (घबड़ा देना): worry
Synonyms: upset, unsettle
Antonyms: reassure
Example Sentence:
They were perturbed by her rude behavior.
7. RESILIENT (ADJECTIVE): (प्रबल): strong
Synonyms: tough, hardy
Antonyms: vulnerable
Example Sentence:
Babies are generally far more resilient than new parents realize.
8. MODERATION (NOUN): (आत्मसंयम): self-restraint
Synonyms: restraint, self-control
Antonyms: extremism
Example Sentence:
He urged them to show moderation.
9. PREFATORY (ADJECTIVE): (प्रारंभिक): introductory
Synonyms: preliminary, opening
Antonyms: final
Example Sentence:
His prefatory remarks the author claims that
10. AFFRONT (VERB): (अपमान करना): insult
Synonyms: offend, outrage
Antonyms: compliment
Example Sentence:
She was affronted by his familiarity.
EK DUM BASIC
5_6118156822680438166.pdf
💢💢The Hindu Editorial with Vocab - 6th JUNE
Boost for boosters: On Corbevax as booster dose
With the Indian drug regulator greenlighting Corbevax as a booster dose for all adults above 18 years who have received two doses of either Covishield or Covaxin as part of primary vaccination, a heterologous booster shot has come a step closer to being administered to people. Though booster shots have been administered since January 10 beginning with health-care and frontline workers, and people over 60 with comorbidities, India has been using the same vaccine for both primary vaccination and booster (homologous boosting). In clinical trials, a booster dose using a vaccine that is different from the one used for primary vaccination — technically called heterologous boosting — produced higher immune responses when compared with a same vaccine for primary and booster vaccination. A trial by the Christian Medical College, Vellore, too found the same result. As expected, Bio E’s phase-3 heterologous booster vaccine trial using Corbevax in people who have received two doses of either Covaxin or Covishield did produce significantly higher immune responses. But with the control group not receiving a homologous booster shot but only a placebo, the trial failed to bring out the enhanced immune responses by using Corbevax as a heterologous booster. Any vaccine administered as a booster — immaterial of being homologous or heterologous — months after primary vaccination will, by default, increase the immune responses. The trial has thus only shown that Corbevax as a heterologous booster increases the immune responses but failed to show that heterologous boosting with this vaccine produces superior immune responses than homologous boosting with Covishield or Covaxin. It is all the more surprising that the booster trial used a placebo for the control arm as even the phase-3 clinical trial to study the immunogenicity of Corbevax for primary vaccination used the comparator vaccine Covishield for the control group.
With Corbevax being approved as a heterologous booster based on a poorly designed heterologous booster trial, the drug regulator can be expected to soon greenlight Covishield and Covaxin as heterologous boosters based on the results of the CMC Vellore trial. Especially as the trial clearly demonstrated the advantages of heterologous boosting compared with using the same vaccine for primary vaccination and boosting. While the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (NTAGI) is quite likely to approve Corbevax as a heterologous booster shot without much delay, it remains to be seen whether it greenlights it for all adults above 18 years. Given the greater likelihood of NTAGI approving Corbevax as a heterologous booster, the Government is not likely to side step the expert group, as in mid-March. As booster shots have been rolled out for all adults above 18 years, the Government should not hurry to approve Corbevax without NTAGI’s nod.
CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
-------------------------------------------
1. Heterologous (Adj)- having a different relation, relative position, or structure; not homologous.
2. Comorbidity (N)- the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient. सहरुग्णताएं
3. Placebo (N)- a substance that has no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs. प्रयोगिक औषध
4. Immunogenicity (N)- the property of eliciting an immune response. प्रतिरक्षाजनत्व
5. Comparator (N)- something used as a standard for comparison. तुलनाकारी
6. Roll Out (Phrasal Verb)- to introduce a new product or service.
Boost for boosters: On Corbevax as booster dose
With the Indian drug regulator greenlighting Corbevax as a booster dose for all adults above 18 years who have received two doses of either Covishield or Covaxin as part of primary vaccination, a heterologous booster shot has come a step closer to being administered to people. Though booster shots have been administered since January 10 beginning with health-care and frontline workers, and people over 60 with comorbidities, India has been using the same vaccine for both primary vaccination and booster (homologous boosting). In clinical trials, a booster dose using a vaccine that is different from the one used for primary vaccination — technically called heterologous boosting — produced higher immune responses when compared with a same vaccine for primary and booster vaccination. A trial by the Christian Medical College, Vellore, too found the same result. As expected, Bio E’s phase-3 heterologous booster vaccine trial using Corbevax in people who have received two doses of either Covaxin or Covishield did produce significantly higher immune responses. But with the control group not receiving a homologous booster shot but only a placebo, the trial failed to bring out the enhanced immune responses by using Corbevax as a heterologous booster. Any vaccine administered as a booster — immaterial of being homologous or heterologous — months after primary vaccination will, by default, increase the immune responses. The trial has thus only shown that Corbevax as a heterologous booster increases the immune responses but failed to show that heterologous boosting with this vaccine produces superior immune responses than homologous boosting with Covishield or Covaxin. It is all the more surprising that the booster trial used a placebo for the control arm as even the phase-3 clinical trial to study the immunogenicity of Corbevax for primary vaccination used the comparator vaccine Covishield for the control group.
With Corbevax being approved as a heterologous booster based on a poorly designed heterologous booster trial, the drug regulator can be expected to soon greenlight Covishield and Covaxin as heterologous boosters based on the results of the CMC Vellore trial. Especially as the trial clearly demonstrated the advantages of heterologous boosting compared with using the same vaccine for primary vaccination and boosting. While the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (NTAGI) is quite likely to approve Corbevax as a heterologous booster shot without much delay, it remains to be seen whether it greenlights it for all adults above 18 years. Given the greater likelihood of NTAGI approving Corbevax as a heterologous booster, the Government is not likely to side step the expert group, as in mid-March. As booster shots have been rolled out for all adults above 18 years, the Government should not hurry to approve Corbevax without NTAGI’s nod.
CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
-------------------------------------------
1. Heterologous (Adj)- having a different relation, relative position, or structure; not homologous.
2. Comorbidity (N)- the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient. सहरुग्णताएं
3. Placebo (N)- a substance that has no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs. प्रयोगिक औषध
4. Immunogenicity (N)- the property of eliciting an immune response. प्रतिरक्षाजनत्व
5. Comparator (N)- something used as a standard for comparison. तुलनाकारी
6. Roll Out (Phrasal Verb)- to introduce a new product or service.
💢💢The Hindu Editorial with Vocab - 7th JUNE
Joy after pain: On Nadal and Swiatek win at French Open
Rafael Nadal’s is an immortal presence at Roland-Garros. The Spaniard, after all, has a statue of himself at the site that is more than life-size, a rare tribute for a player still active. On Sunday, the 36-year-old showed why his is such a timeless existence by winning his 14th French Open crown that also gave him his 22nd Major, pulling him two clear of Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic in the all-time men’s tally. It is unthinkable that 14 was once Pete Sampras’ record for overall Grand Slam trophies won. That Nadal has accumulated as many in Paris, in just 18 attempts and with an injury-ravaged body, is testament to his clay-court genius as well as his unparalleled ability to play through pain and extreme physical discomfort. Leading into the tournament, Nadal was pensive and pessimistic after his chronic left-foot injury forced him to limp out of the Rome Masters, a key preparatory event. Once in Paris, his mood turned increasingly valedictory, with the pain-killing injections needed to keep his leg numb perhaps telling him that the end was near. However, the fortnight ended in such euphoria, with a straight-set demolition of Norwegian Casper Ruud, that in the epitaph to Nadal’s incredible career, whenever written, his 14th triumph will be more than just a normal data point.
The year has been unlike any for Nadal, both in terms of the success he has had and the physical toll he has had to bear. Never before in his stellar career had he secured the opening two Slams of the year, and the 20 straight matches he won at the start of 2022 — three titles and a final — is a career-best. But he had to fight through a bout of COVID-19 that nearly derailed his Australian Open plans, a stress fracture in the ribs that did not allow him to touch a racquet for six weeks, forcing him to miss vital clay-court warm-up tournaments in Monte Carlo and Barcelona and undercooking him for the return in Madrid, and a relapse of the foot injury. That he could still muster the tennis to overcome four top-10 players in the French capital, including Djokovic in the quarterfinal with a rousing performance, proved yet again that he remains the sport’s ultimate competitor. Iga Swiatek was every bit as authoritative in stamping her authority on the women’s side, claiming her second French Open title in three years. It was the sixth straight tournament victory for the Pole, a run that has featured an awe-inspiring 35-match winning streak. If in Ash Barty women’s tennis had a stable World No.1 until the Aussie abdicated her throne in March, Swiatek is proving to be a worthy successor.
CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
-------------------------------------------
1. Immortal (Adj)- living or lasting forever, or so famous as to be remembered for a very long time.
2. Testament (N)- proof of something or a will.
3. Pensive (Adj)- engaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought. चिंताग्रस्त
4. Pessimistic (Adj)- tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen. निराशावादी
5. Valedictory (N)- an address or statement of farewell or leave-taking.
6. Euphoria (N)- a feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness. उत्साह
7. Epitaph (N)- something by which a person, time, or event will be remembered.
8. Stellar (Adj)- featuring or having the quality of a star performer or performers.
9. Rousing (Adj)- exciting; stirring. गर्मजोशी
10. Abdicate (V)- fail to fulfil or undertake (a responsibility or duty).
Joy after pain: On Nadal and Swiatek win at French Open
Rafael Nadal’s is an immortal presence at Roland-Garros. The Spaniard, after all, has a statue of himself at the site that is more than life-size, a rare tribute for a player still active. On Sunday, the 36-year-old showed why his is such a timeless existence by winning his 14th French Open crown that also gave him his 22nd Major, pulling him two clear of Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic in the all-time men’s tally. It is unthinkable that 14 was once Pete Sampras’ record for overall Grand Slam trophies won. That Nadal has accumulated as many in Paris, in just 18 attempts and with an injury-ravaged body, is testament to his clay-court genius as well as his unparalleled ability to play through pain and extreme physical discomfort. Leading into the tournament, Nadal was pensive and pessimistic after his chronic left-foot injury forced him to limp out of the Rome Masters, a key preparatory event. Once in Paris, his mood turned increasingly valedictory, with the pain-killing injections needed to keep his leg numb perhaps telling him that the end was near. However, the fortnight ended in such euphoria, with a straight-set demolition of Norwegian Casper Ruud, that in the epitaph to Nadal’s incredible career, whenever written, his 14th triumph will be more than just a normal data point.
The year has been unlike any for Nadal, both in terms of the success he has had and the physical toll he has had to bear. Never before in his stellar career had he secured the opening two Slams of the year, and the 20 straight matches he won at the start of 2022 — three titles and a final — is a career-best. But he had to fight through a bout of COVID-19 that nearly derailed his Australian Open plans, a stress fracture in the ribs that did not allow him to touch a racquet for six weeks, forcing him to miss vital clay-court warm-up tournaments in Monte Carlo and Barcelona and undercooking him for the return in Madrid, and a relapse of the foot injury. That he could still muster the tennis to overcome four top-10 players in the French capital, including Djokovic in the quarterfinal with a rousing performance, proved yet again that he remains the sport’s ultimate competitor. Iga Swiatek was every bit as authoritative in stamping her authority on the women’s side, claiming her second French Open title in three years. It was the sixth straight tournament victory for the Pole, a run that has featured an awe-inspiring 35-match winning streak. If in Ash Barty women’s tennis had a stable World No.1 until the Aussie abdicated her throne in March, Swiatek is proving to be a worthy successor.
CREDIT SOURCE - THE HINDU
-------------------------------------------
1. Immortal (Adj)- living or lasting forever, or so famous as to be remembered for a very long time.
2. Testament (N)- proof of something or a will.
3. Pensive (Adj)- engaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought. चिंताग्रस्त
4. Pessimistic (Adj)- tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen. निराशावादी
5. Valedictory (N)- an address or statement of farewell or leave-taking.
6. Euphoria (N)- a feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness. उत्साह
7. Epitaph (N)- something by which a person, time, or event will be remembered.
8. Stellar (Adj)- featuring or having the quality of a star performer or performers.
9. Rousing (Adj)- exciting; stirring. गर्मजोशी
10. Abdicate (V)- fail to fulfil or undertake (a responsibility or duty).
👍2